Download - Rev Mar29 Topic 2 Ecosyshuman Rev
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ECOSYSTEMS as HUMAN
ENVIRONMENT
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Chapter outline
Classifications of ecosystems
Scopes of Ecosystem-produced services
Law of tolerance
Human are a part of the biosphere How are human considering the earth
Human activities may affect the
ecosystems
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Classification of Ecosystems
Terrestrial (land): Rain forest, coniferous
forest, savanna, desert
Aquatic:- Marine : sea. oceans- Fresh water : lakes, rivers
Transition from land to aquatic (Wet land):Swamp, mangrove
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Terrestrialecosystems
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Land, transition and aquaticecosystems
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Two different ecosystems(based on input of energy)
Natural ecosystems:changes naturally withouthuman interferences
Man-made ecosystems:require human interferencesto manage and to add anenergy or matter for
maintaining a balanceecosystems (city, village,crop land etc.)
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Scopes of Ecosystem-produced
Services
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Ecosystem Services for human well-
being
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BIOSPHERE 2
a $200-million facility designed to be a self-sustaining lifesupport system designed to mimic the earths (Biosphere 1)
After 2 years numerous unexpected problems encounteredsuch as:
- Oxygen disappeared mysterously
- N cycling failed to function properly- CO2 concentration rise to levels that threatened to the
humans
- Most of animal and plant spescies become extinct (punah)
In brief: Biosphere 2 FAILED to maintain a life-support systemfor eight people.
Biosphere 2 Our World video.flv
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Biosphere%202%20Our%20World%20video.flvhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/Biosphere%202%20Our%20World%20video.flv -
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Every ecosystems consist living
and non-living components Some need a hot environment and
others a cold
Each population in en ecosystem has arange of tolerance to variation of itsphysical and chemical environment
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Law of tolerance in nature
Each population in en ecosystemhas a range of tolerance tovariation its physical and chemical
environment:
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The existence, abundance, and distribution of a species in a ecosystemsare determined by whether the level of one or more physical orchemical factors fall within the range tolerated by that species
Law of tolerance
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Human tolerance to environment
Unlike other organisms, human couldenhance the range of their tolerance
due to the ability to think, to develop
technology and to modify/change thenature
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We are a part of the biosphere
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How are human considering the earth ? Gaia concept (Lovelock):
Biosfer adalah suatu kesatuan yang mengatur diri sendiri (self-regulating) dan mampu mempertahankan kondisi Bumi dengan
mengendalikan lingkungan kimiawi dan fisis. Jadi, Bumi adalah
suatu super-ekosistem dimana banyak proses dan umpan balik
saling berinteraksi untuk menjaga kondisi kimiawi dan fisis di Bumi.
Dalam hal ini, makhluk hidup memiliki peran penting peranterpenting dalam menjaga keseimbangan (homeostatis).
The earth as a aerospace aircraft (Odum 1989) :
Bumi dapat dianalogikan dengan suatu pesawat ruang angkasa
yang sangat besar karena merupakan suatu benda/kesatuan yangmelayang di angkasa luar, dengan sistem pendukung
kehidupannya sendiri (dalam bentuk udara, air, makanan, energi).
Dengan adanya tekanan penduduk, pencemaran, dan pengelolaan
yang buruk, maka sistem pendukung kehidupan ini menjadi
terancam:ibarat berkurangnya persediaan oksigen bagi astronot
dalam suatu pesawat ruang angkasa.
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Where is the human position?
In the ecosystem
human are top
consumers Human can change
their environment
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Human activities may affect the
ecosystems
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Human use of the biomass produced byphotosynthesis
At least 27% ofthe earths total
net primaryproductivity
have beendestroyed andaltered byhuman activities
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What causes ecosystems to change?
Changes caused by humans:
Water pollution
Air pollution
Land pollution
Construction
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Mining
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Hopes vs Disasters
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Sadness of Gaia The Earth Goddess looks on sadly, aware
that our human weaknesses will meanmany years of education to prevent the
ruin of our precious world.
The contents of her wings symbolise all
the creatures that need protection. As
always "Gaia" will be there to listen andto comfort, bringing with her the rainbow
of hope.
The clouds are gathering around our
world but she knows she must be strong
and work to rectify mans errors, in thebelief that he will one day understand that
our precious earth deserves our
protection.
Let us hope that one day soon "Gaia" will
look upon the earth and be satisfied thather lessons have been learnt!
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How can humans help to prevent
negative changes in ecosystems?Use resources wisely
Laws that control pollution
Clean up litter
Keep rivers and lakes clean
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