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Planning Your ProjectsA Step-by-Step Approach
Capacity-Building Workshop
© 2012 Rey Ty
Planning ExperiencesORGANIZATIONS FUNDING, PROGRAMS, etc.
1. University of the Philippines, Department of Political Science, Assistant Chair
Philippine Government, Ford, Fulbright…
2. We set up the (Philippine) Commission on Human Rights, Public Information & Education Services
Philippine Government
3. We set up Amnesty International Philippines, National Deputy Convener (Vice Chair)
London, U.K.; Brazil AGM
4. Balay Rehabilitation Center for Victims of Torture, National Vice Chair
United Nations, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, France
5. Citizens Alliance for Consumer Protection (CACP), National Vice Chair
Catholic Congregation (of Sisters), Germany
6. Various Human Rights & Peace Organizations
Australia, Canada, Western Europe, USA, Protestant Churches (Philippines, USA, Europe)
7. Northern Illinois University International Training Office
International Programs: Cyprus, Indonesia, Philippines, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka
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Guidelines
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Critical Reflection
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Lesson of the Day
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Not Difficult
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But Need to Work Hard
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Step-by-Step Workshop
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Strategic Plans, Project Plans &
Action PlansThe Bigger, Middle &
Small Picture
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Name of Organization
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Logo
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Identify a Lead Organization
Name ____________________
Adult Adviser ______________
Officers ___________________
Address __________________
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Strategic Plan
Project Plan
Action Plan
Hierarchy
Big Picture
Middle Picture
Small Picture
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KISS1.Keep
2. It
3.Simple &
4.Sweet
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Why Plan?
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1. If we don’t plan, then _____________
___________________.
2. We need to plan, because _________
___________________.
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Vision
Mission
Goals
Objectives
Specific Objectives
Strategies
Action Plans
HierarchyMore Abstract More Concrete
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Strategic Plan
The Macro-View
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Strategic Plan1. What we want to be in the future
2. How to get there
3. Focus
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Strategic Plan1. Limited resources
2. What goods & services
3. Direction for the community
4. Collaborate
5. Control over our future
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Products of Strategic Plan
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Organizational DevelopmentSituational Analysis
Economic, Social, Political & Cultural Analysis
Capabilities AnalysisStrengths, Weaknesses, Threats & Opportunities (SWOT)
Allies, Opponents, Duplication & Competition
OrganizationHuman, Material & Financial Resources & Procedures
Performance Evaluation Measures
Monitoring & Trouble-Shooting
Internal & External Consultancy & Auditing
Evaluation
Feedback
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Social Investigation
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Conflicts
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ConflictHistory
Causes of Conflict
Describe the Conflict Itself
Effects
What to do for social change
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BACKGROUND: Context, Problems & Needs
ISSUES CONTEXT PROBLEMSNEEDS
ASSESSMENT
Ex: Economy Mostly peasants Landlessness Land reform
Economy
Environment
Politics
Culture
Armed Conflict
Gender
Health
Religion
Ethnicities
Classes
Others: Specify
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Time LinePast
History
Present
Context
Vision 4 D Future
Positive Mutual Help Independence Peace
Negative Colonialism Poor-Rich Gap Armed Conflict
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Context
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ISSUESEx: Economy Wide rich-poor gap
Economy
Environment
Politics
Culture
Armed Conflict
Gender
Health
Religion
Ethnicities
Classes
Others: Specify
CONTEXT
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Problems
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Identify 3 Problems3 big
problems you cannot
solve
3 manageable
problems you can
solve
Team Work: 4 groups
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PROBLEMS You cannot solve
Violence Environment
123
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PROBLEMS You can solve
Violence Environment
123
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ISSUES PROBLEMSYou *Cannot* Solve You *Can* Solve
Ex: Economy Mass poverty Use of recycled materials
Economy
Environment
Politics
Culture
Armed Conflict
Gender
Health
Religion
Ethnicities
Classes
Others: Specify
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ISSUES NEEDSEx: Economy
Economy
Environment
Politics
Culture
Armed Conflict
Gender
Health
Religion
Ethnicities
Classes
Others: Specify
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Structural Violence as Cause of Armed Conflicts & Addressing Structural
Violence to Solve Conflicts
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Select a Project.
Why Select This Particular Project?
Who Benefits?
Community Needs
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What’s in A Name?
Community Partners
X “Beneficiaries”
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Your Partners & You•Your Organizational Partner/s
• Name of Community Partners
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1. Name of community?
2. Why this community?
3. How many families?
4. How many people?
5. How many women?
6. How many men?
7. How many people from minority group or culture?
8. How many people from the dominant group or culture?
9. How many poor?
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Framework• Good things about which you care
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Framework•Quote 1 article from
–Constitution or–National law or–United Nations Charter or–Universal Declaration of Human Rights
•Values (examples)–Equality–Non-discrimination
–Women’s rights–Sustainable development
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Framework• Law • Values
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Turning Problems into Solutions
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Project Title
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Models of Development1. Traditional Model: profit
oriented; competition
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Models of Development2. Basic Needs: give things to
the poor; top-down; dependence
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Models of Development3. Human Rights Based Model:
collaboration; bottom up; justice; empowerment
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Models of Development1. Traditional Model: profit
oriented; competition
2. Basic Needs: give things to the poor; top-down; dependence
3. Human Rights Based Model: collaboration; bottom up; justice; empowerment
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Development Assistance Models
1. Missionary Model: give to the poor once; dependence
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Development Assistance Models
2. Disaster Relief: emergency
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Development Assistance Models3. Oxfam Model: local people
as empowered partners who identify local needs
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Development Assistance Models
1. Missionary Model: give to the poor once; the poor stays poor; dependence
2. Disaster Relief: emergency
3. Oxfam Model: local people as empowered partners who identify local needs
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Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement
1.Charity
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Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement
2.Relief & Rehabilitation
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Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement
3. Public Health
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Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement
4. Advocacy
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Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement
5. Development
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Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement
6. Environment
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1. Give an Example of an Environmental Project.2. Explain why it is environmental.
Environmentalism
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Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement
7. Fun-Community building -Doing things together.
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Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement
1. Charity
2. Relief & Rehab
3. Public Health
4. Advocacy
5. Development
6. Environment
7. Fun? Others?
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Social Entrepreneurship Paradigms
1. Public health paradigm
2. Human rights based paradigm
3. Sustainability paradigm
(Paul Farmer, Partners in Health, preferential option for the poor)
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Types of Environmentalism1. Deep Ecology: Eco-centric 2. Conservative: Conservation3. Updated Traditional: Waste management;
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3Rs); blame the consumers; use LED bulbs
4. Agro-Forestry: Plant trees to be cut down later
5. Sustainable Development: Future Generations; alternative energy
6. Slow Food Movements: anti-Fast Food; foodscaping, organic food
7. Agro-Ecology: Minimum long-term impact8. Radical Ecology: Blame Transnational
Corporate Power An
thro
po
cen
tric
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Junk Food
More Stuff
Over Time
Wrong PrioritiesEnvironment, Education, Health, Public Transportation
Quality of & support for
Quantity of
Present
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Junk Food More Stuff
Over Time
Change Priorities
Environment, E
ducation,
Health
, Public Transporta
tion
Quality of &
support for
Quantity of
Work Now for a Better Future
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Materialistic WorldWomen
MenIndigenousPeasants
Blue Collar & White Collar
WorkersLandlordsCapitalists
History,World,
National & Local
Society,Economy,Politics, Culture
Land, Water, Plants,
Human & Non-Human
Animals, Minerals…
Throw, throw, throw…Buy, buy, buy…
Power, justice, inequality,
conflict, social change, peace
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Materialistic World
Land, Water, Plants, Human & Non-
Human Animals, Minerals…
History,World,
National & Local
Society,Economy,Politics, Culture
WomenMen
IndigenousPeasants
Blue Collar & White Collar
WorkersLandlordsCapitalists
Buy, buy, buy… Throw, throw, throw…
Power, justice, inequality, conflict, social change, peace
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Levels & Type of Working for Social Change
Low
High
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Time Commitment Change Activities Examples
Reactive (After a problem arises).
Urgent Action (or Quick Reaction in Response to a Crisis Situation)
Status Quo Ante
ReliefProvide relief goods and services for survivors of natural and human-made disasters
On the Spot Defense
Anti-Reactionary
Speak up against cruel, degrading, or discriminatory actions and remarks
Temporary Cessation of Conflict
Conflict Resolution Methods:
Negotiation, Enquiry, Mediation, Conciliation, Arbitration, Judicial decisions, Arbitration, Good offices
Conflict Management
Minimal contents of ceasefire and peace talks
Thin Commitment
Status Quo Maintained
Individual Acts of Charity
Missionary Model. Basic needs approach. Charity. Give gifts to the poor.
Proactive(Before a problem arises)
Thicker Commitment
Conflict Prevention
MinimalistLearn about others (read a book, listen to a lecture, watch a documentary)
Community Model
Living, eating, worshipping, having fun, traveling, and just being together
Participatory Coalition Model
Working together for a common cause
Thickest Commitment
Structural Change
Social or Conflict Transformation Model
Human rights-based approach. Oxfam model. Do social justice work together to advance economic, social, cultural, civil and political human rights and grassroots empowerment
Levels of Involvement in Social Change
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Justice
Participation
Charity
Levels of Commitment
(High)
(Medium)
(Low)
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In a Nutshell
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TimeFactor
CommitmentDevelopment
ModelWork for Social
ChangeDevelopment Aid
ModelCivic Engagement
1.Reactive Urgent Action
Human rights based Stand up against discrimination & bullying
Relief Relief & Rehabilitation
2. Reactive Thin Basic Needs Minimalist Missionary Charity
3. Reactive / Pro-active
Thicker Basic Needs Coalition (working together)
Relief, Missionary or Oxfam Model
Health
4. Pro-active Thicker Human Rights Based Approach
Community (Eating, playing, singing, dancing, living, together)
Interpersonal or Social Development
Community Building
5. Reactive / Pro-active
Thicker Human rights based Coalition (working together)
Relief or Oxfam General Advocacy
6. Reactive / Pro-active
Thicker Basic Needs/ Human rights based
Coalition (working together)
Relief, Missionary or Oxfam Model
Development
7. Reactive / Pro-active
Thicker Basic Needs/ Human rights based
Coalition (working together)
Relief, Missionary or Oxfam
Environment
8. Reactive / Pro-active
Thickest Human rights based Doing Social Justice Together
Oxfam 1)Expose & oppose repression, discrimination, bullying; 2)Propose & work to empower the poor, oppressed & exploited
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In a Nutshell1. Development Model: Traditional Model? Basic Needs
Model? Human Rights Based Model?
2. Development Assistance Model: Missionary Model? Relief Model? Oxfam Model?
3. Type of Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement: Charity? Relief? Advocacy? Development? Environment?
4. Commitment: Urgent Action? Thin? Thicker? or Thickest Commitment?
5. Time Factor: Reactive? or Proactive?
6. Type of Working for Social Change: Minimalist? Community? Coalition? Doing Social Justice Together?
7. Gender sensitive? Inter-ethnic? Intergenerational? Interfaith?
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How Is Your Project…1. Gender Balanced? ______________________________________2. Intergenerational? ______________________________________3. Inter-Ethnic? ___________________________________________4. Interfaith? _____________________________________________
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In a Nutshell1. Development Model:
____________________________________________
2. Development Assistance Model: ____________________________________________
3. Type of Social Entrepreneurship Civic Engagement: ____________________________________________
4. Level of Commitment? ____________________________________________
5. Reactive or Proactive: _________________________
6. Type of Working for Social Change: ____________________________________________
7. Gender sensitive? Inter-ethnic? Intergenerational? Interfaith? ___________________________________
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In a Nutshell1. ___________________________________________
2. __________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________
5. ___________________________________________
6. ___________________________________________
7. ___________________________________________
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SWOTInternal Strength
Internal Weakness
External Opportunities
External Threats
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Vision•Dream community
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Our vision is…
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Mission• Reason for the existence of your organization
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Our mission is…
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Goals• Long-term plans
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Goals1. To ____________________
_______________________
2. To ____________________ _______________________
3. To ____________________ _______________________
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Objectives• How do you make your
dream community come true
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SMART Objectives1. Specific
2. Measurable
3. Achievable
4. Realistic
5. Timeline
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Objectives1. To ____________________
_______________________
2. To ____________________ _______________________
3. To ____________________ _______________________
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Outputs• By the end of the project, what
concrete materials will you have produced?
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Outputs1. _______________________
_______________________
2. _______________________ _______________________
3. _______________________ _______________________
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Outcomes• By the end of the project, what
qualitative changes will have occurred?
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Outcomes1. _______________________
_______________________
2. _______________________ _______________________
3. _______________________ _______________________
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Strategies1. A plan of action
or policy designed to achieve a major or overall aim.
2. Planning & directing overall operations.
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Situation
Problem
Needs
Vision
Mission
Goals
Objectives
Strategies
Measurements
Evaluation
Align Plans
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Work Together1. Gender-Sensitive
2. Intergenerational: Old & young
3. Inter-Ethnic
4. Intrafaith: Among Muslims, etc.
5. Interfaith: Muslim, Christian, Indigenous, Atheist…
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Identify Steering Committee Members
NAMES SKILLS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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Organize your strategic plan into smaller action plans.
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Be clear on how who will
do what where by when.
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Project Plan
The Meso-View
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Guidelines1. Pangangailangan* 1. Needs*
2. Kagustuhan 2. Wish
3. Kakayahan 3. Ability
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Resources
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Material Resources1. Purchase
2. Donations
3. Rent
4. Make Them!
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Human Resources1.Organizations: school, community, professional, commercial, government
2.Volunteers: like-minded people, friends, organizations
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Organizational StructureInclude women!
1. Not mostly women.
2. Not mostly men.
3. But a good mix of women & men.
4. Diversity
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What’s in a Name?Bottom-Up Model Top-Down Model“Powers & Responsibilities”
“Task”
Empowerment DirectiveWorkers take initiative
Boss tells workers what to do
Workers control their own destiny
Boss controls workers’ destiny
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How Do You Call “Work”?
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Funding!1. Solicit from family, school,
relatives, friends, neighbors
2. Solicit from public officials, shops, corporations
3. Foundations, rich families
4. Embassies, foreign NGOs
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Budget
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Budget for ResourcesItems Cost Per Item x Quantity Cost
Total
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Sources of FundingSource Cost Share Cost
Total:
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TimetableGantt Chart
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Action Plan
The Micro-View
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Action PlanActions
(What to do?)
People Involved
(With whom to work?)
Resources(What
funding/ materials?)
Timeline(When to finish?)
Evaluation(How to measure success?)
1. Preparatory Pre-Program Stage
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Action PlanActions
(What to do?)
People Involved
(With whom to work?)
Resources(What
funding/ materials?)
Timeline(When to finish?)
Evaluation(How to measure success?)
2. Actual Program Implementation Stage
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Action PlanActions
(What to do?)
People Involved
(With whom to work?)
Resources(What
funding/ materials?)
Timeline(When to finish?)
Evaluation(How to measure success?)
3. Post-Program Stage
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Actual Day of Project Implementation Date December 23, 2012
Time 1 whole day from 8:30 am – 3:00 pm
Place People's Park & Public Library, Kampung Saber, Kota Baru
Time Activities Persons in Charge
8:30 AM Opening Remark & Orientation
Mr. Abdulfatah
9:15-11:00 AM Start of Clean-Up Sohaya
Noon Lunch Nur, Fatimah, Yahya, Yusuf
1 – 2:00PM Back to the Clean-Up Akimah
2:00 – 2:30 PM Tree Planting Alyanna
2:30 PM Snacks Christian, Farah, Abdel
3 PM Closing Remarks Mrs. Benazhir
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Actual Day of Project Implementation Date
Time
Place
Time Activities Persons in Charge
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Solve problems one person & one project at a time.
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References 1. Allison, M. & Kaye, J. (2005).
Strategic planning for nonprofit organizations: A practical guide & workbook (2nd 3d.). NJ: J. Wiley & Sons.
2. Caffarella, R. S. (2002). Planning programs for adult learners: A practical guide for educators, trainers, & staff developers (2nd 3d.). SF: Jossey-Bass.
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© 2012 Rey Ty
Congratulations!
© 2012 Rey Ty
Planning Your ProjectsA Step-by-Step Approach
Capacity-Building Workshop
© 2012 Rey Ty