Download - Rice crop Establishment - AGRITECHNICA ASIA
Rice crop EstablishmentAdvances in technolog y
James Quilty and Sudhir Yadav
• Traditional practices
• New technologies
• Opportunities
Content
Traditional rice crop establishment practices
Direct seeding Transplanting
Wet/puddled DryWet/puddled
Other methods• Parachute transplanting• Ratoon crop• Dibbling
Traditional rice crop establishment practices – broadcast seeding
• Advantages– Labour saving - ~8 hr/ha– No nursery required– Water saving (dry seeding)
• Disadvantages– Difficult early season water management– Early submergence can result in poor emergence – High weed competition– Snail and bird damage risk– Non-uniform plant spacing and poor crop uniformity
Traditional rice crop establishment practices – manual transplanting
• Advantages– Water management– Minimise submergence risk– Pest and disease control – Weed competitiveness– Accurate plant spacing– Uniform plant distribution
• Disadvantages– Labour intensive process - ~100 hr/ha– High water requirement– High energy requirement for land preparation– Drudgery - unattractive to youth
Direct seeding
Wet seeding• Where the turn over time between two
seasons is very narrow• Irrigated environment
http://www.voanews.com
Direct seedingWet/puddled Major area: SE Asia
Drum seeder
Messages• Step change or shift?• Cost of machinery is still a major driver• Other practices like puddling intensity
Research opportunity (both biological and engineering)
• Anaerobic germination• Seed to soil contact
– Avoid bird/snail damage– Floating of seeds
• Reduce seed rate
Direct seeding
Dry seeding• Relatively long window between two seasons• Constraint of water availability
Direct Seeded Rice: dry seeding
Broadcasting
Drill seeding
2 or 4 wheel tractor driven
Seeding or tillage or
both
Seeds or Fertilizer or
both
Rice or multiple
crops
Factors affecting decision of switching to “new system”
• Land holding (create lot of confusion)• Topography• Cropping system• Accessibility, cost, ease of operation etc.
Messages• Step change or shift?• Cost of operations: multiple operation
in one go• Solution for system: multiple crops can
be seeded• Fertilizer drilling+seeding• Opportunity of strip tillage
Trade-off• Poor precision (crop geometery, seed
rate etc.)
Opportunity• Operations: Seeding and fertilizer
drilling• Solution for system: multiple crops can
be seeded• Zero tillage
Trade-off• Poor precision (crop geometry, seed
rate etc.)
Drill-Sowing -20 x 10 cm
Drill-Sowing -Continuous planting
Broadcast
Random
20
10-15
20
Ideal Planting Architecture forDirect Seeding
Courtesy: J.K.Ladha
TransplantersJapanese
Korean Chinese
Korean
Courtsey: J.K.Ladha
Challenges
• Knowledge intensive: mat nursery and transplanting
• Machine design: especially row to row spacing• Seedling/hill: depend on mat nursery but still
very high
Transplanting of single seedling
GREEN INDUS AGRO-TECH Pvt Ltd Courtesy: J.K.Ladha
Adoption Enabling Environment
• Machine for crop vs machine for system• Service provision models• Knowledge sharing model
Coutsey:J.K.Ladha
Minimum/Zero tillage with and without residue
Future crop establishment
Future crop establishment
Key focus on nursery management as a contracted business
Anaerobic germination – a game changer for direct seeding
Precision agriculture - GPS guidance - Nutrient management
Modern technologiesThank you