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Disperse Colors/Natural Colors
RIFA INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
1. Introduction
Rifalon dyestuffs of Rifa Industrial Co., Ltd. are the type of disperse dyestuffs for dyeingand printing of polyester
,fibers and polyester fiber blends. In exhaust dyeing the most
important method of application is the high temperature process. Apart from this Rifa-
lon dyestuffs can also be applied by the carrier process and in continuous dyeing by the
thermosol process. In printing fixation can be achieveddepending on the sublimation s
properties either by HT steaming, hot air or by pressure steaming. This shade card gives
information for the most important fields of application,-fastness properties and technic-
al properties of Rifalon dyestuffs. The individual dyestuffs are being illustrated in dyeing
and printing and printing on the inset pages. Our great technical efforts have been made to
improve the quality of our dyes and to widen the series of items in order to satisfy our cus-
tomer.
2. Rifalon Dyestuffs
Rifalon Dyestuffs can be divided into three basic structures such as azo, anthraquinone
and special type, and also there are many combination colors. Customers can use it satis-
factorily as the dyeing properties of each component dye are examined sufficiently. Rifa-
lon dyestuffs can be qualitatively classified into the following three types from the dyeing
properties. But the classification changes with the dye concentration
E Type:
Rifalon Dyestuffs which belong to this group are of especially good leveling prop-erty and are suitable for pale? Mediumshade which requires good leveling property. Satis-
factory dyeing property is obtained even by carrier dyeing as well as high temperature dye-
ing
SE Type:Rifalon dyestuffs which belong to this group rank in the good exhaustion type at
medium dyeing temperature with good leveling property and sublimation fastness for
wider range of application. These dyes are suitable for pale deep shade by high tempera-
ture, carrier, thermosol dyeing and printing.
S Type:Rifalon dyestuffs which belong to this group are good for the exhaustion at high
dyeing temperature with excellent sublimation and high stability for various finishingprocess. But there are some problems in leveling property. Therefore, these dyes are suita-
ble for medium-deep shade by high temperature, thermosol dyeing and printing.
4. Dyeing of polyester fibers
Polyester fiber is used over very wide field because of its excellent properties such as
strength, wear resistance, resistance to chemicals and wash and wear properties, furthermore
bulkiness and stretch properties as a textured yarn, and handling similar to wool and silk.
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The dyeing methods for polyester fiber can be roughly classified into high temperature,
carrier and thermosol dyeing and printing. The practical dyeing condition is revised variously
according to the form of the material, the kind of blended fibers, various fastness and han-
dling to be required.
3.1 Pretreatment
The pretreatment and dyeing methods on the stage of processing of the polyester fiber sub-
strate can vary depending on the form in which this substrate is being processed:
Polyester loose material Tops, knit goods or woven fabric Spun polyester Filament, textured polyester filament 100% polyester fiber or blends.In dyeing and finishing of piece goods there are generally two methods in use:
Dyeing of nonheatset material and dyeing after presetting of the polyester fiber.The pretreatment serves for both, removing sizes, preparations and soil from the surface of
the fiber and in the case of knit or woven goods made of textured polyester filament as re-
laxation and for bulkiness.
In the case of polyester/cellulose blends desizing and mercerizing must be carried out prior
to Scouring
3.1.1 Scouring
Textile material is generally endowed the oiling or sizing agent in order to carry out the
spinning, weaving and knitting process smoothly. And also various stain and machine oil
attach on the material during the textile manufacturing process. They hinder the dye
solution from penetrating at the subsequent dyeing process. If preparation, softening
agents or winding oils are not removed properly they can be deposited in the dyeing bath
and cause spots on the goods. Then, the unleveling dyeing, the ring dyeing, decrease of
fastness and brilliant of dyeing take place. Therefore, desizing and scouring must be car-
ried out before dyeing as an important process. A water soluble paste (for example, PVA)
is generally used as a sizing agent for polyester fiber. The procedure for desizing is as fol-
lows.
Nonionic or anionic scouring agent 1-30
A l k a l i ( s o d a a s h e t c . ) 0 . 5 - 2 g / 1
After treatment for 20-60min at 70-90C, washed out with warm water and cold water
sufficiently. A starch type size is applied sometime to polyester/cotton blended material,
so in this case enzyme type desizing agent may be used
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Washing and relaxation of knit and woven goods made of the textured and microfilament
should be carried out at temperature as close as possible to 95C on a tensionless open
with washer.
3.1.2 Bleaching
Bleaching of100% polyester is not necessary. If a higher degree of white is desired, opt-
ical bleaching agents must be used. The conditions for bleaching polyester/cellulose fiber
blends depend on the cellulose portion in the blend.
3.1.3 Heat setting
Presetting of the fiber serves to stabilize polyester fabric. It ensures that the piece
goods retain their shape in the stages of processing following the heat setting and in use.
For many types of goods and in many dyeing machines, presetting can be omitted; in
this case stabilizing is carried out after dyeing. The heat setting conditions are governed
by the type of polyester fiber and the type of piece goods, whereby the following can serve
guides:
y Woven and knit goods of textured polyester filament: 170-195Cy Fabric of polyester filament: 185-220Cy Blends of polyester and cellulose fibers : 190-210C3.2 Dyeing of polyester fibers with Rifalon dyestuffs
Rife Disperse Colors are easy to use and applicable extensively in various fields such ashigh temperature dyeing.
The usual product forms of Rifalon colors are granule or powder. Also there is a paste
form for the main items. The concentration of paste form is 50-80% of the content con-
centration of the powder product.
The requisite amount of Rifalon colors are paste with twice the amount of lukewarm wa-
ter (40-50C), then further lukewarm water is added with stirring to complete the dis-
persion
High temperature dyeingThe dye bath must be controlled to pH 4.5-5 using weak acid such as acetic acid or
with buffer using sodium acetate to promote the reproducibility of dyeing or to maintain
the brilliance of shade.
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Carrier dyeingIn carrier dyeing, the selection of dyestuffs is very important because the exhaustion
and build up prop erty are rather poor, and also the covering property is poor compared to
the high temperature dyeing.
Thermosol dyeingThermosol dyeing method is employed as a continuous dyeing mainly for polyes t-
er/cotton blends, because of the very high fixing temperature (around 200C), dyestuffs of
higher sublimation fastness can be generally used.
3.2.1 Dispersing of Rifalon dyestuffs
Powder grades of Rifalon dyestuffs are scattered into ten to twenty times their quantity
of soft water at a maximum temperature of 40-50C while this is being stirred. A high
speed stirrer running at a speed not exceeding 1000 rpm is then used to disperse the dye.
For pad liquors, or when relatively large quantities of dye are being used, the following
method is also possible: paste up the powder with about ten times its quantity of soft wa-
ter at a maximum temperature 40-50C, then disperse with the aid of a high speed stirrer
running at a speed not more than 1000 rpm and subsequently dilute further if necessary.
The liquid grades are diluted by being stirred into cold water (three to five times their
quantity).
3.2.2 pH value
In principle, the pH value should be adjusted only after all auxiliaries and dyes have been
added. The important requirement is that the pH should remain constant throughout the entire
dyeing operation. This is achieved most reliably by adjusting the pH with the aid of a buffersystem.
3.3High temperature dyeing of Rifalon dyestuffs
The standard recipe we recommend is
X% Rifalon dyes
1 g/l Dispersing agent
pH value of 4.5-5 is set with acetic acid pH regulating substances.
Depending on the dyeing machines and the nature of the material to be dyed, we recommendadding a normal commercially available leveling auxiliary. For dyeing fabric under more dif-
ficult conditions, e.g. the dyeing of densely woven material on HT beam dyeing machines,long rope circulation times in jet dyeing machines or poor liquor penetration in the dyeing of
wound packages we recommend an addition of 1.5g/l Disperse leveling agent. Disperseleveling agent is highly effective leveling agent with dispersing properties that can be used to
advantage in rapid dyeing processes as well. Disperse leveling agent acts chiefly in the heat-
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ing up phase; its use obviates the need for a dispersing agent. Normally dyeing is started at 50-
60C Subsequently the necessary dyeing auxiliaries and the well dispersed dyestuff are add-
ed. After introducing the goods to be dyed the temperature is raised at a rate of 0.5 to 2C
/minute to a dyeing temperature of 130C.The rate of raising the temperature depends on
the density of packages or the weight or length of the ropes respectively. Dyeing is con-
tinued for 20 to 45 minutes depending on the depth of shade at 120.135t.In using problematical dyeing machines in package and beam dyeing and with lightweight
materials which means long ropes in jet dyeing it may be necessary to reduce the rate of
raising the critical striking phase in order to ensure level dyeing. In such cases it makes
sense to employ alternative method depending on depth of shade and the disperse dyestuff
used. In order to ensure short dyeing times and rapid dyeing processes, the selected dispersedyestuffs should be employed which have good level striking properties.
1)HT dyeing of Rifalon E/SE Type dyestuffs (For pale to medium shade)
2)HT dyeing of Rifalon S Type dyestuffs (For medium to pale shade)
After treatments (Reduction Clearing)
After dyeing by various methods, reduction clearing or soaping is carried out generally.
Unfixed dye on the fiber surface is removed by this treatment. Color of the dye itself as
well as good rubbing and wet fastness are obtained if an addition of carrier has been
used in the dyeing process, it is advisable for the goods to be given an intermediate
rinse at 80C. On jet dyeing units it is often possible to omit the reductive clear. If ne-
cessary, as for instance in the case of deep shades, the reduction cleaning can be carried
out in the dyebath itself to improve economy, so long as the bath is largely exhausted.
Although no reduction clearing for reasons of fastness is necessary on loose stock and
yarn in pale to medium shades, reduction treatments should nevertheless still be carried
out because of the improvement it produces in further processing properties.
30-40 min120-130C
80C
70C
50C
Auxiliaries Dyes
130C
90C
70C
50C
Auxiliaries Dyes
40-50 min
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(1) Reduction clearing
For 100% Polyester or Polyester/cotton blended material dyed with disperse dyes are
treated in a liquor containing
1-2 g/l Sodium hydroxide (Flake)
(2-3 g/l Sodium hydroxide (Flake) for loose stock and silver)
1-2 g/l Hydrosulfite conc.
1-2 g/l scouring agent (nonionic surfactant)
For Polyester/wool blended material dyed with disperse dyes are treated in a liquor containing
1-2 cc/l Ammonia aqueous solution
1-2 g/l Hydrosulfite conc.
1-2 g/l scouring agent (nonionic surfactant)
The reduction clearing process lasts for10-20 minutes at 70-80C (Polyester/wool: 60-70C),
after which the goods are rinsed in warm and then cold water until all alkali residues are re-
moved.
(2) Soaping
Reduction clearing cannot be applied for polyester/cotton blended materials dyed with dis-
perse dyes and Reactive dyes in one bath. In this case, Soaping is carried out by the follow-
ing conditions
3.4Carrier Dyeing of Rifalon dyestuffs
The exhaust dyeing of polyester fibers at the boil with carrier continues to be of some impor-
tance, especially for the piece dyeing of polyester/wool blends. Articles made from 100%
polyester or polyester/cellulose fiber can be dyed by this method if no HT dyeing units are
available. The following standard recipe and dyeing method can be used for dyeing polyester
at the boil:
Test for10 minutes at 50C withX g/l carrier
Y% Rifalon dyestuff
Adjust the pH to 4.5-5 with acetic acid and pH regulating substances, bring to the boil
within 30-40 minutes and dye for 6090 minutes according to the depth of shade. Reduction
clearing of polyester or polyester/cellulose piece goods is carried out as described as follow-
ing. In many instances, however, the following after treatment is sufficient:
Nonionic surfactant 1-3 g/l
Soda ash 0-2 g/l
Temp time 80-100C 10-20 min
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Method
a) It is used in preference for polyester/wool blend, and method b) for polyest-
er/cellulose blends.
Carrier dyeing of Rifalon dyestuffs
3.5 Thermosol dyeing of Rifalon dyestuffs
The Rifalon dyestuffs preferred for this method are the liquid grade, whose advantage
resides in their greater ease of handling when the pad liquor is being prepared. In addition,
liquid grades usually provide a better yield when applied by the thermosol method than
do the corresponding powder grades.
In case of dyeing 100% polyester, the general process is as follows
The following recipe is recommended for preparation of pad liquor:
X g/l : Rifalon dyestuffs
10-15 g/l : sodium alginate (migration inhibitor)
1-2 g/l : wetting agent
pH : 5-6 adjusted with acetic acidPadliquor temperature : 20-30C
Pick-up : 60-65%Predrying : to 25-30% residual moisture
Drying temperature :110-120CThermosol temperature :190-210C
Thermosol time : 20-90 seconds (depending on equipment, depth of shade andfabric weight)
a) 2 g/l Emulsogen El (0.5ml/l acetic acid 60%), 20 minutes at 80Cb) 2 g/l dispersing agent, 20 minutes at 80C
130C
70C
70C
50C
Auxiliaries Dyes
60-90 min
ReducingClearing
Preparation ofpadding solution
Pad-ding
Pre drying Fixation Drying
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Reduction clearing _Treat the fabric at 80C for15-20minutes as follows
1-2 g/l Sodium hydroxide (Flake)
1-2 g/l Hydrosulfite conc.
X g/l scouring agent (nonionic surfactant)
3.6 Printing
Application of dyestuffs was carried out in direct printing, discharge/resist printing with
dischargeable dyestuffs and undischargeable illumination colors, and in transfer print-
ing.
The fixation of Rifalon dyestuffs was carried out depending on the sublimation properties
by HT steam, hot air or by pressure steaming.
Below the typical printing recipesa) High pressure steaming method (HP Steaming) Recipe of color paste
Recipe of color paste
Rifalon dyestuffs X
Water YThickener paste 500-700
Tartaric acid/ Citric acid (pH-6) 2-3Sodium chlorate 5
Leveling agent 10-20Total 1000
After printing and drying, steamed for 20-30min at 130C, then washed with cold and
warm water, and reduction clearing.
b) High temperature steaming (HT steaming)/Dry heat fixation Recipe of color paste
After printing and drying, steamed with super heat steam for 5- 10min at 170-180C then
washed with cold and warm water, and reduction clearing.
Rifalon dyestuffs X
Water Y
Thickener paste 500-700
Fixing accelerant 50-80
Tartaric acid/ Citric acid (pH-6) 2-3
Sodium chlorate 5
Leveling agent 10-20Total 1000
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c) Discharge printing
The material dyed with dischargeable disperse dyes by carrier or high temperature dyeing (at
about 120C)
Method is discharged by following methods
Recipe of discharge paste
(1) By use of Decrolin as a discharge agent
White discharge Colored discharge
Vat dyes X
Wetting agent 0-30 0-30
Carrier 0-30 0-30
Decrolin soluble Conc 200-350 200-300
Water X Y
Thickening paste 550-450 550-450Total 1000 1000
(2) By use of stannous chloride as a discharging agent
White discharge Colored discharge
Undischargeable dyes - X
Wetting agent 0-30 0-30
Leveling agent 0-30 0-30
Stannous chloride 60-100 50-100
Water X YThickening paste 600-550 600-550
Total 1000 1000
After printing and drying, steamed for 20-30min at 120-130C, then washed with cold and
warm water, and reduction clearing.
d) Resist printing
Recipe of resist paste
Recipe of resist paste Recipe of over paste
Undischargeable dyes X - Dischargeable dyes XWetting agent 0-20 0-20
Stannous chloride 50-100 -
Tartaric acid 3-5 3-5Sodium chlorate 2
Water Y YThickening paste 500-600 500-600
Total 1000 1000
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After printing of resist paste ,moreover printed a over paste instantaneously or after
drying, and dried, then steamed for 20- 30min at 120-130C, then washed with cold and
warm water, and reduction clearing.
4. Leveling and stripping of faulty dyeing on polyester
The best effects are obtained by working with the longest possible liquor ratio. Some-
times this may not be feasible, however [e.g. processing on a beam dyeing machine) and
effects are then inadequate. In such cases the treatment should be repeated in fresh liquor.
4.1 Leveling under HT Conditions
After the liquor has been heated to 50-70C and adjusted to pH 4.5-5, an addition is
made of Liquor ratio 1:20 to 1:30
0.5g/l Carrier for levelingThe liquor is then heated slowly to 120C and the goods are treated for 30-50 minutes at
this temperature. It is then gradually cooled back, after which the goods are rinsed in
warm and then cold water.
When dyeing are being leveled out, it is advisable to add to the leveling bath about 10%
of the dye quantities employed in the dyeing process in order to obtain the correspond-
ing hue and depth of shade.
4.2 Stripping under HT conditions
At a temperature of 50-70Can addition is made to the liquor of Liquor ratio 1:20 to 1:30
3g/l. Carrier for Leveling
5ml/l Caustic soda solution 32.5%(38 Be)
3g/l Hydrosulfite conc.
The liquor is heated slowly to 115 -120C, and then the goods are treated for 45-
60minutes at this temperature, after which the liquor is cooled back to 60-70C Sub-
sequently the goods are rinsed in hot and then cold water and dried as usual.
The liquor is heated slowly to 115 -120C, and then the goods are treated for 45-
60minutes at this temperature, after which the liquor is cooled back to 60-70C Sub-
sequently the goods are rinsed in hot and then cold water and dried as usual.
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4.3 Oxidative radical stripping or partial stripping
At a temperature of 50-70C an addition is made to the liquor of Liquor ratio 1:20 to 1:30
3g/l Carrier for leveling
30 Sodium Chlorite Hoechst 50 K powder
1g/l Bleaching Auxiliary HV
The liquor is adjusted to pH 4 with formic acid 85%
5. Dyeing method of Rifacel Dyestuffs
5.1 Exhaustion dyeing on Acetate
Rifacel Colors X%
Dyebath pH 4.5-5
Acetic acid : 0.25g/l
Sodium acetate :1 g/l.
5.1 Exhaustion dyeing on Acetate
Rifacel Colors X%
Dyebath pH 4.5-5
Acetic acid : 0.25g/l
Sodium acetate :1 g/l.
40C
90C
40-60 min30 min
Dyes & Agent
40C
80C
40-60 min30 min
Dyes & Agent
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6.Explanatory notes to the PatternCard
6.1Dyeing processesa) High temperature dyeingThe dyeing illustrated on the pattern Card are dyed on polyester fabric with the dyestuffs
percentages given at 130C unless otherwise mentioned. Where available, the respec-
tive powder brands of the Rifalon dyestuffs were used.
The dyeing used to determine the technical behavior and the fastness properties were also
carried out by the HT process.
b) Carrier dyeing1/1 SD (% of the HT dyeing) on polyester.
Rifalon dyestuffs Xg/l(1/1 SD)
Liquor ratio 1:15
pH 5
5%Carrier( Diphenyl derivative)
1-20Dispersing agent(for Carrier dyeing)
60 minutes at the boil,
After dyeing, reduction clearing is carried out.
In order to remove the carrier after fixation
Process at 160C is necessary.
c) Thermosol dyeing
1/1 standard depth on polyester/cotton blended fabric 65/35
Rifalon dyestuffs Xg/l
Migration inhibitor 1g/l
Wetting agent 1g/l
pH 5.5-6.0
padding temperature 25C, Liquor pick-up
Drying 2minutes at 100C
Thermosol 60 seconds at 200C
After dyeing, reduction clearing is carried out
Condition Normal polyester
Rifalon dyestuffs Xg/l(1/1 SD)
Liquor ratio 1:20
pH 5 adjusted with sodium acetate and acetic acid
Dispersing agent 1 - 2 g / l
40minutes at 130C followed by reduction clearing at 180C 15 mi-
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d) Printing
HT steaming fixation in 1/1 standard depth on polyester stain fabric.
Rifalon dyestuffs Xg
Stock thickener 500-600g
Fixing accelerant 15g
Citric acid(pH5-6) 3g
Leveling agent(Carrier etc.) 1Og
Others Yg
water or thickener Zg
Total 1000g
Printing
Intermediate drying 2minutes at 110t
HT steaming fixation 8minutes at 175t After treatment rinse
Reduction clearing 1g/lCaustic soda (flake)
1g/l.Hydrosulfite conc.
0.5g/1Nonionic surfactant
10 minutes at 80t
Classification
No bleaching
Little bleaching
Fairly bleaching
Discharge resist and colored discharge:
The dischargeability and stability to discharging agents respectively was tested under alka-
line conditions, using stannous chloride, and using Decrolin respectively.
Recipes:
Decrolin soluble Conc Stannous chloride
Meypro gum NP(1
4%) 500 500Illumination color X X
Urea 30
Polyethylenglycol/Glycerin 30 3 0
Decrolin soluble conc 100-(200) -
Stannous chloride 80-(200)
Leveling agent 30 30
Water Y Y
Total 1000 1000
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Padding
Temperature 25C
Liquor pick-up 80%Drying 2minutes at 100
C
HT-steam-fixa-
8minutes at 175CAfter treatment
cold and hot rinse reduction
Classification
Excellent (Suitable for white discharge)
Good (Suitable for pale to medium shade discharge)
Little poor (Suitable for pale shade discharge)
Poor (Unsuitable for white discharge)
6.2Fastness properties
a) All fastness tests were carried out on dyeing that was reduction cleared materials.Depth of shade (Standard depth 1/1 SD)
b) Various fastness are measured on the material dyed by high temperature dyeing method under standarddye concentration
Light ISO 105 - B02Washing ISO 105 - CO3
Perspiration ISO105 -
804Water ISO 105 - E01
Rubbing ISO 105 - X12Dry Heat ISO 105 - P01Gas fading JIS L0855(Nitrogen oxide)