Download - Risk and Benefit Analysis (RBA) of GOF Research: Gaps and Future Considerations (Rocco Casagrande)
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8/19/2019 Risk and Benefit Analysis (RBA) of GOF Research: Gaps and Future Considerations (Rocco Casagrande)
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Vfcljfl. Vlfurcty. Vtretloy.
Ycsn ejg Iljlbct Ejehyscs (YIE)
`b Oecj `b Bujftc`j Ylslerfa
Oeps ejg Buturl F`jscglretc`js
Orypa`j Vfcljtcbcf
Y`ff` Feseorejgl, ]aG, ]rcjfcpeh Cjvlstcoet`r
JEV Dlltcjo Bliruery 5=, 9=52
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Eoljge• E irclb `vlrvclw `b tal YIE stugy
• Hlss`js hlerjlg ejg gete oeps• Epphycjo tal YIE t` splfcbcf lxplrcdljts
• Gcsfussc`j `b uscjo tal 5351 A5J5pgd strecj es e f`dperet`r
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8/19/2019 Risk and Benefit Analysis (RBA) of GOF Research: Gaps and Future Considerations (Rocco Casagrande)
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@vlrehh Eppr`efa t` tal YIE
• Wal purp`sl `b tacs lcoat-d`jta stugy wes t` pr`vcgl gete `jtal rcsns ejg iljlbcts ess`fcetlg wcta rlslerfa `j d`gcbclgstrecjs `b cjbhuljze vcrusls ejg tal f`r`jevcrusls
• Wal YIE cs gcvcglg cjt` tarll dek`r tesns, lefa `b wacfarlqucrls e gcstcjft gete f`hhlftc`j ejg ejehyscs eppr`efa
• Uuejtctetcvl Ic`seblty Ycsn Esslssdljt
• Vldc-quejtctetcvl Ic`slfurcty Ycsn Esslssdljt• Iljlbct Esslssdljt
• Wacs esslssdljt wes f`dperetcvl
• W` gltlrdcjl tal FAEJOL cj rcsn br`d rlslerfa `j O`B peta`oljs
f`dperlg t` rlslerfa `j wchg typl peta`oljs• W` cgljtcby tal iljlbcts t` sfcljfl, puihcf alehta ejg dlgcfcjl ebb`rglg iy
O`B rlslerfa F@D]EYLG W@ ehtlrjetcvl rlslerfa ejg cjj`vetc`js
6 Orypa`j Vfcljtcbcf JVEII ]rlsljtetc`j
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8/19/2019 Risk and Benefit Analysis (RBA) of GOF Research: Gaps and Future Considerations (Rocco Casagrande)
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Vuddery‗Beft`rs Cjbhuljfcjo Effcgljt Ycsn
3
• @jhy e sdehh
dcj`rcty `bhei`ret`ryeffcgljts wcta tald`st f`jteoc`us
cjbhuljze vcruslsfeusl e h`feh`utirlen, ejg `jhye dcj`rcty `b ta`sl
hleg t` e oh`iehpejgldcf
V l e s ` j e h C j b h u l
j z e
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8/19/2019 Risk and Benefit Analysis (RBA) of GOF Research: Gaps and Future Considerations (Rocco Casagrande)
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Vuddery‗Ic`seblty Ycsn F`dpercs`j
Wal gernlr tal saegl `b orey, tal d`rl e O`B palj`typl cjfrlesls rcsn `b audej chhjlssls ejg
gletas. Dernlg cj wactl erl O`B palj`typls taet erl j`t rlhlvejt J/E) t` rcsn `r rlgufl rcsn.
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O`B ]alj`typl Vles`jeh CjbhuljzeRcrusls
]ejgldcfCjbhuljze Rcrusls
Evcej CjbhuljzeRcrusls
F`r`jevcrusls
Ljaejflg
trejsdcsscichcty
Cjfrlesls
pr`ieichcty `b ej
`utirlen ejg tal
f`jslquljfls `b ej
`utirlen
Cjfrlesls
pr`ieichcty `b ej
`utirlen ejg tal
f`jslquljfls `b ej
`utirlen
Cjfrlesls
pr`ieichcty `b ej
`utirlen ejg tal
f`jslquljfls `b ej
`utirlen
Cjfrlesls
pr`ieichcty `b e
oh`ieh `utirlen ejg
f`jslquljfls `b e
oh`ieh `utirlen
Ljaejflg peta`oljcfcty
Cjfrleslsf`jslquljfls
Cjfrleslsf`jslquljfls
Egeptetc`j t`
deddehs J/E J/E
Glfrlesls
pr`ieichcty `b ej
`utirlen
J/E
Lvesc`j `b cjguflg
cddujcty
Cjfrleslg
f`jslquljfls cj
acoa cjf`dlf`ujtrcls `jhy
J/E
Lvesc`j `b
jetureh/rlscgueh
cddujcty
Cjfrlesls
pr`ieichcty `b ej
`utirlen ejg tal
f`jslquljfls `b ej
`utirlen
Cjfrlesls
pr`ieichcty `b ej
`utirlen ejg tal
f`jslquljfls `b ej
`utirlen
J/E J/E
Ejtcvcreh rlscstejfl
Cjfrleslg
f`jslquljfls cj
acoa cjf`dl
f`ujtrcls `jhy
Cjfrleslg
f`jslquljfls cj
acoa cjf`dl
f`ujtrcls `jhy
J/E
Ljaejflg or`wta cj
fuhturl/loos
Cjfrleslg faejfl `b
e HEC
Cjfrleslg faejfl `b
e HEC
Acoahcoatlg cj
ylhh`w erl
faejols br`d
tal grebt YIE,
gul t` fr`ss
pr`tlftc`j
ebb`rglg iy
cjblftc`j
wcta
rlfljthy
fcrfuhetcjo
strecjs vs `hglr
pejgldcf
strecjs
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Vuddery‗Ic`seblty Ycsn F`dpercs`j
• Lxedphl; lbblft `jf`jslquljfls `b fr`sspr`tlftc`j eoecjst 5351A5J5 pgd ebb`rglg iylxp`surl t` 9==3 A5J5 pgd• 53
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Ic`seblty Ycsn F`jfhusc`js• Dejcpuhetcjo O`B sles`jeh cjbhuljze strecjs et IVH6 dey f`dpljsetl
b`r tal cjfrlesl cj rcsn p`slg iy d`gcbclg strecjs iy glfrlescjo tal rcsn
`b e hei`ret`ry efqucrlg cjblftc`j• D`sthy iy ej lxtre systld `b rlspcret`ry pr`tlftc`j
• V`dl `b tal dejcpuhetc`js taet f`uhg tal`rltcfehhy cjfrlesl rcsn deyj`t il efaclveihl `r glscreihl
• E strecj taet fej `vlrf`dl pr`tlftcvl veffcjetc`j cjfrlesls rcsn `jhy cb ct fejlvegl veffcjl pr`tlftc`j vce cddujl d`guhetc`j, j`t ejtcoljcf faejol
• Wal sfcljtcbcf vehul `b cjfrlescjo tal trejsdcsscichcty `b cjbhuljze vcrusily`jg taet `b tal d`st trejsdcsscihl strecjs (`r bcjeh tctlr ily`jg 5L1) csqulstc`jeihl ejg plraeps cjblescihl
• Walrl cs j` d`glh `b trejsdcssc`j b`r tal f`r`jevcrusls, s` dejcpuhetc`j `btacs trect cs j`t furrljthy efaclveihl
• Ehs`, s`dl f`jtljg taet VEYV-F`R cs ehrlegy s` trejsdcsscihl taet burtalrdejcpuhetc`j w`uhg j`t ebblft rcsn
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8/19/2019 Risk and Benefit Analysis (RBA) of GOF Research: Gaps and Future Considerations (Rocco Casagrande)
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Ic`slfurcty YE ̀ b Efts Weroltcjo eHei`ret`ry‗F`jfhusc`js• Wal trects taet grcvl rcsn erl scdcher walj f`jscglrcjo ic`seblty ejg
ic`slfurcty ilfeusl tal peta`oljs erl trejsdcsscihl
• Waet cs, a`w tal cjctceh cjblftc`js wlrl feuslg cs `b hctthl f`jslquljfl `jfl eh`feh `utirlen ilocjs
• A`wlvlr, ilfeusl ic`slfurcty lvljts erl prlgcftlg t` `btlj cjv`hvl talf`vlrt cjblftc`j `b tal puihcf, ej cjblftc`j cs dufa d`rl hcnlhy t`
feusl e h`feh `utirlen• Hei`ret`ry w`rnlrs iljlbct br`d alehta survlchhejfl ejg cs`hetc`j pr`t`f`hs
• W` detfa tal rcsn p`slg iy ic`seblty cjfcgljts ocvlj e acst`rcfeh retl `bhei`ret`ry efqucrlg cjblftc`js, e ic`slfurcty lvljt taet f`vlrthy cjblftse dldilr `b tal puihcf dust `ffur `jhy `jfl lvlry
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Cjb`rdetc`j Ycsn--F`jfhusc`js
3
• Dcjcdeh cjb`rdetc`j rcsn rldecjs b`r O`B stugcls cj
cjbhuljze vcrusls ilfeusl gueh-usl dlta`gs aevl ehrlegyillj puihcsalg
• Vcojcbcfejt cjb`rdetc`j rcsn rldecjs b`r O`B stugcls cj talf`r`jevcrusls, iut talsl stugcls erl aedplrlg iy e hefn `bd`glh systlds
• Cjb`rdetc`j rcsn f`uhg leschy il oljlretlg iy rlslerfa `j`talr trejsdcsscihl peta`oljs
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Iljlbct Ejehyscs F`jfhusc`js• B`r cjbhuljze vcrusls, tal b`hh`wcjo rlslerfa aes frctcfeh iljlbcts;
• Vtugcls taet ljaejfl vcreh or`wta br`d h`w tctlr
• Vtugcls taet hleg t` lvesc`j `b rlscgueh `r cjguflg cddujcty
• Vtugcls taet ljaejfl vcruhljfl
• Vtugcls taet ljaejfl trejsdcsscichcty
• Vtugcls taet hleg t` lvesc`j `b talreplutcfs cj usl ejg cj glvlh`pdljt
• B`r f`r`jevcrusls, tal b`hh`wcjo rlslerfa aes frctcfeh iljlbcts;
• Vtugcls taet ehtlr a`st tr`pcsd
• Vtugcls taet ljaejfl vcruhljfl
• Vtugcls taet hleg t` lvesc`j `b talreplutcfs cj glvlh`pdljt
5=
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Hlss`js hlerjlg ejg oeps• Vlvlreh hlss`js wlrl hlerjlg gurcjo tal lxlfutc`j `b tal YIE,
iut talsl stejg `ut
• Ertcbcfcehcty `b gcstcjftc`js iltwllj pejgldcf ejg sles`jeh cjbhuljzestrecjs
• Hefn `b gete `j audej rlhceichcty cj hcbl sfcljfl hei`ret`rcls
• Gcbbcfuhty p`slg iy aevcjo j` rcsn iljfadern b`r w`rn wcta wchg typlpeta`oljs
• Gcbbcfuhty p`slg iy rlstrcftc`j `b YIE t` cjbhuljze ejg f`r`jevcrusls
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Ertcbcfceh Gcstcjftc`js Iltwllj Vles`jeh
ejg ]ejgldcf Cjbhuljze Vtrecjs• ]uihcf alehta ejg p`hcfy stenla`hglrs f`dpertdljtehczl pejgldcf ejg
sles`jeh cjbhuljze strecjs, `btlj gul t` tal gcspercty cj rcsn
cddlgcetlhy ebtlr ldlroljfl• A`wlvlr, h`jo ebtlr ldlroljfl, pejgldcf strecjs `btlj f`jtrciutl t`
tal p`puhetc`j `b sles`jeh strecjs cj tal b`hh`wcjo ylers• W`gey–s sles`jeh A5J5 strecjs erl glsfljgejts `b 5351 A5J5pgd
• Ycsn br`d e hei`ret`ry effcgljt `r e ic`slfurcty cjfcgljt wcta ej `hglrpejgldcf strecj dust il ujglrst``g cj tal f`jtlxt `b e j`j-jeàvlp`puhetc`j• Wrejsdcsscichcty cs dufa h`wlr taej walj ct ldlrolg, s`dl p`rtc`j `b tal
p`puhetc`j cs pr`tlftlg
• Walrl cs j` ircoat hcjl iltwllj sles`jeh strecjs ejg `hg pejgldcfstrecjs s` rcsn cs ilst ujglrst``g es e scjohl f`jtcjuud
• Buturl seblty/slfurcty YIEs sa`uhg j`t ertcbcfcehhy slperetl `utpejgldcf br`d sles`jeh strecjs• J`t trul b`r YIEs taet lxedcjl rcsn `b ldlroljfl
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Hefn `b Gete `j Audej Ylhceichcty Esslssdljt
cj Hcbl Vfcljfl Hei`ret`rcls
• Br`d gete cj `talr cjgustrcls, ct cs fhler taet d`st bechurls cj sebltylqucpdljt erl gul t` audej coj`rejfl, ferlhlssjlss `r jlohlft
• Beuhty ]E]Ys erl pr`guflg dufa d`rl rerlhy taej s`ujg ]E]Ys erl p``rhyw`rj, p``rhy essldihlg `r p``rhy decjtecjlg
• D`rl`vlr, d`st dlfaejcfeh bechurls erl eff`dpejclg iy s`dl scojehtaet e audej dust coj`rl, dcsujglrstejg `r `vlrrcgl t` frletl e
gejolr`us sctuetc`j• Hesthy, ujhcnl cj tal jufhler, faldcfeh `r trejsp`rtetc`j slft`rs, cj e
hcbl sfcljfls hei`ret`ry, d`st p`tljtceh rlhlesls rlqucrl e audej lrr`rt` cjctcetl• Wal d`st brlquljt effcgljts erl shcps, spchhs, fljtrcbuol dcsusl ejg futs
• Lxflptc`js cj tal hcbl sfcljfls cjfhugl jetureh gcsestlrs, elr`s`h oljlretc`jlxplrcdljts ejg ejcdeh f`jtecjdljt
• Wa`uoa tal vest dek`rcty `b cjblftc`js br`d talsl cjfcgljts stchh rlqucrl e audejlrr`r (dcsusl `b ]E]Ys, p``r cjstehhetc`j `b bchtlrs, ltf)
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Hefn `b Gete `j Audej Ylhceichcty Esslssdljt
cj Hcbl Vfcljfl Hei`ret`rcls• Glspctl tal cdp`rtejfl `b audej beft`rs cj grcvcjo tal rcsn `b
effcgljts, vlry hctthl gete wes b`ujg br`d tal hcbl sfcljfls ljtlrprcsl
• Gete `j ejcdeh ictls cj hei`ret`rcls wes b`ujg• @ur YIE aeg t` ejeh`oczl br`d audej rlhceichcty gete br`d `talr
cjgustrcls t` eftcvctcls cj tal hei`ret`ry
• Wacs sa`rtf`dcjo prlvljtlg e rco`r`us esslssdljt `b eis`hutl rcsn
• Wal rlhetcvl rcsn esslssdljt ‘fejflhhlg `ut— dufa `b tal ujflrtecjty
• W` eggrlss tacs sa`rtf`dcjo, prcdery rlslerfa `j audej beft`rs cj hcblsfcljfls hei`ret`rcls dust il f`jguftlg
• Ocvlj taet tal p`tljtceh f`jslquljfls `b ej effcgljt ercscjo br`d hcblsfcljfls rlslerfa lfhcpsls taet `b effcgljts cj tal faldcfeh, jufhlerejg trejsp`rtetc`j slft`rs et hlest es dufa cjvlstdljt sa`uhg ilglv`tlg t` audej beft`rs cj e hcbl sfcljfls hei`ret`ry
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E Hefn `b e Ycsn Iljfadern
• @ur stugy b`fuslg `j tal FAEJOL cj rcsn p`slg iy tal dejcpuhetc`j `b wchgtypl peta`oljs• _l acoahcoat a`w dufa rcsn cjfrlesls b`r pertcfuher dejcpuhetc`js, ehta`uoa
s`dltcdls taet cjfrlesl cs br`d e h`w hlvlh• B`r lxedphl, cjfrleslg vcruhljfl/tctlr cj ettljuetlg strecjs
• V`dltcdls pejgldcf rcsn cjfrlesls t` e hlvlh ily`jg taet p`slg iy ejy wchg typl strecj• D`st `b tal tcdl, pejgldcf rcsn cjfrlesls iut t` e hlvlh hlss taej taet p`slg iy tal tal
w`rst pejgldcf strecj (j`w 53
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Ylstrcftc`j `b tal YIE t` cjbhuljze vcruslsejg f`r`jevcrusls• Wal cjb`rdetc`j rcsn slftc`j `b tal YIE cgljtcbclg taet
dejcpuhetc`js `b peta`oljs `talr taej tal cjbhuljze ejgf`r`jevcrusls f`uhg p`sl scdcher hlvlhs `b pejgldcf rcsn
• Wal rldecjglr `b `ur stugy lxedcjlg kust `jl f`dp`jljt `bp`tljtceh pejgldcf rcsns, tal buhh suctl `b wacfa sa`uhg il
f`jscglrlg t`oltalr es pert `b e f`dprlaljscvl YIE• Wacs f`dprlaljscvl YIE sa`uhg pr`vcgl e slt `b iljfaderns;
• Acoalst t`hlreihl rcsn `b w`rncjo wcta peta`oljs taet furrljthy lxcst vs`jls taet erl lxtcjft/f`uhg lv`hvl
• Acoalst t`hlreihl rcsn w`rncjo et ejy pertcfuher f`jtecjdljt hlvlh (IVH7,IVH6, IVH6L)
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YIEs Epphclg t` Vplfcbcf Lxplrcdljts• D`vcjo b`rwerg, glfcsc`j-denlrs dey il esnlg t` lvehuetl tal rcsn
ejg iljlbcts p`slg iy splfcbcf lxplrcdljts, lctalr cj orejt pr`p`sehs `r
cj cjstctutc`jeh rlvclws• @ur YIE wes glscojlg t` il uslg es e bhlxcihl rlblrljfl g`fudljt taetf`uhg il uslg t` esslss rcsn `b ejy lxplrcdljt rlhlvejt t` O`B stugcls
• E scdphl ujglrstejgcjo `b tal faejol cj rcsn fej il `itecjlg cj bcvlstlps
• Cgljtcby tal strecj w`rnlg `j ejg glsfrcil cts pr`plrtcls rlhlvejt t` pejgldcfrcsn (Y=, fesl betehcty retl, DFD rlscstejfl)
• \jglrstejg a`w tal pr`p`slg lxplrcdljt F@\HG ehtlr ejy `b talslpr`plrtcls
• Lxedcjl a`w tal pr`p`slg faejol F@\HG ebblft pr`ieichcty `b ej `utirlen
lsfepcjo h`feh f`jtr`h (YIE slftc`j 2.2)• Lxedcjl a`w tal pr`p`slg faejol F@\HG ebblft f`jslquljfls `b e oh`ieh
`utirlen (YIE slftc`j 2.?)• Duhtcphy talsl tw` cjfrlesls t`oltalr t` `itecj e plrsplftcvl `j faejol cj
rcsn
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YIEs Epphclg t` Vplfcbcf Lxplrcdljts• Lxedphl 5; _aet cs tal rcsn `b p`slg iy lxplrcdljts taet cjfhugl
vcruhljfl beft`rs br`d 5351 A5J5 cjbhuljze cj e 9==3 A5J5strecj
• Vlftc`j 2.2 stetls taet vcruhljfl g`ls j`t cjfrlesl tal pr`ieichcty taet ej`utirlen lsfepls h`feh f`jtr`h
•Vlftc`j 2.? stetls taet oh`ieh f`jslquljfls sfehl hcjlerhy wcta fesl betehctyretl
• Wal gcbblrljfl cj tal fesl betehcty retls `b talsl strecjs cs slvlreh `rglrs `bdeojctugl, suoolstcjo taet f`jslquljfls f`uhg cjfrlesl iy slvlreh `rglrs `bdeojctugl br`d ej effcgljt wcta tacs strecj f`dperlg t` e wchg-typl 9==3
A5J5 strecj• Vcjfl pr`ieichcty cs ujfaejolg ejg f`jslquljfls cjfrlesl, tal rcsn `b tacs typl
`b lxplrcdljt cjfrlesls iy slvlreh `rglrs `b deojctugl
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YIEs Epphclg t` Vplfcbcf Lxplrcdljts• Lxedphl 9; _aet cs tal rcsn p`slg iy
lxplrcdljts taet ecd t` frletl
ejtcoljcfehhy gcstcjft strecjs `b e rlfljthyfcrfuhetcjo sles`jeh cjbhuljze strecj
• Vlftc`j 2.2 sa`ws taet ejtcoljcfehhy gcstcjftstrecjs aevl e 9-6x cjfrlesl cj rcsn `b lsfepl.
• Vlftc`j 2.? sa`ws taet ejtcoljcfehhy gcstcjftstrecjs dey cjbhcft 5=x d`rl oh`ieh gletas.
• Walrlb`rl, rcsn cjfrlesls iy r`uoahy 9=-6=x
• Ylfehh taet ct cs ujnj`wj cb ejy chhjlssls feuslg
iy ej effcgljt wcta sles`jeh cjbhuljze vcrusw`uhg supphldljt `r supphejt sles`jeh cjblftc`js
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YIEs Epphclg t` Vplfcbcf Lxplrcdljts• A`wlvlr, tal dlejcjo `b tacs rcsn cjfrlesl cs gcbbcfuht t`
cjtlrprlt cj tal eisljfl `b stejgergs b`r rcsn t`hlrejfl
• Cs e 5==x cjfrlesl cj rcsn br`d e h`w hlvlh subbcfcljt t` j`t bujg talrlslerfa0
• Cs 5=x0 G`ls ct dettlr cb w`rn cs o`cjo `j g`wj tal aehh `j wchg typlpeta`oljs wcta orletlr hlvlhs `b rcsn0
• Wacs cjb`rdetc`j cs subbcfcljt t` stetl taet d`rl f`jtr`hs ejg dlesurls
sa`uhg il tenlj t` f`jtr`h cjblftc`j rcsn br`d tacs d`gcbclg peta`oljtaej tal wchg-typl peta`olj
• Ehs`, iljfa rlslerfalrs dey j`t il bedchcer lj`uoa wcta tallpcgldc`h`ocfeh pr`plrtcls `b peta`oljs t` pr`plrhy
faereftlrczl talcr strecjs• Oucgls `r t``hs erl jllglg t` leschy `itecj peredltlr vehuls b`r wchg
typl strecjs ejg, plraeps, t` ecg wcta tal fehfuhetc`js
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\sl `b 5351 A5J5 pgd es e F`dperet`r • Cj tal suddercls `b `ur YIE, wl gcsfuss rcsn `b O`B strecjs
rlhetcvl t` tal rcsn p`slg iy tal 5351 A5J5pgd strecj
• Wal buhh tlxt ljeihls e f`dpercs`j `b tal rcsn `b ejy dejcpuhetc`j eoecjstejy iljfadern
• Wal rlvcslg g`fudljt wchh aevl d`rl f`dperet`rs cj talsuddercls
• Ehs`, 5351 A5J5pgd wchh j`t il tal acoalst rcsn `b ehh ilfeusl `b tal prl-lxcstcjo cddujcty cj tal p`puhetc`j gul t` tal fcrfuhetc`j `b 9==3A5J5pgd
• Wacs f`dperet`r wes fa`slj ilfeusl et tal tcdl talrl wes
hcdctlg gcsfussc`j `b e bujgcjo d`ret`rcud b`r w`rn `j wchgtypl vlrsc`js `b 5351 A5J5pgd, s` wl glfcglg ct wes erles`jeihl iljfadern b`r ‘dexcdud ehh`weihl rcsn—
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\sl `b 5351 A5J5 pgd es e F`dperet`r
• E jlw f`dperet`r; 53
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\sl `b 5351 A5J5 pgd es e F`dperet`r
• Wal usl `b ejy `talr strecj es e f`dperet`r cs erictrery
• _ay g`ls ct dettlr cb tal strecj p`sls d`rl rcsn/hlss taej DLYV-F`R `r5321 A6J9pgd0
• Es stetlg ilb`rl, rlhetcvl cjfrlesls cj rcsn (`r eis`hutl rcsnlstcdetls) erl uslbuh t` alhp gltlrdcjl cb eggctc`jeh
seblty/slfurcty dlesurls erl jllglg, iut j`t cb rcsns erl w`rtatal iljlbct `vlrehh
• Wal `jhy sljscihl f`dperet`rs erl iljfaderns b`r tal rcsnclstehh`weihl rlslerfa b`r lxcstcjo/j`vlh peta`oljs et pertcfuher
f`jtecjdljt hlvlhs• Walsl iljfaderns sa`uhg il slt rloerghlss `b tal peta`olj stugclg `r tal
pertcfuher dejcpuhetc`j ujglrtenlj
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Waejn y`u• Wal buhh rcsn esslssdljt (ejg cts bcjeh vlrsc`j), wcta ehh
supp`rtcjo detlrcehs, fej il b`ujg et;attp;//www.orypa`jsfcljtcbcf.f`d/oecj-`b-bujftc`j/
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