SocialismSocial welfare as the
strategy to achieve socialism ….
Proletarian work ethic Egalitarianism Mass line Revolution ethics of
loyalty and obedience Control of resources
Welfare Strategies collectivisation distribution according t
o work and need related to economic
policy (primary distribution)
Enterprises
Urban / Rural Government
Ministry of Civil Affaris
3-Tiers System
Enterprise
Full-employment Life-long job Low wage High benefit A ‘community’
Welfare Development, 1949-77
Ministry of Civil Affairs
administrative & welfare functions
From central to local ‘Three Nos’ 三無 Veteran & martyrs 優撫 Welfare Factory 福利工廠 Fupin 扶貧
‘Structural’ Reforms
Ownership of resources End of Commune to new collective
Reform of SOE
Private ownership of resource / company
Removal of protection which have been provided by the former
collective (through employment and membership of a collective -- commune / committee)
From ‘collective’ / state to ‘individual’
Enterprises….. Urban …..
Enterprise / Collective end of full / tenure
employment layoff and dismissal lost of work and lost
of protection co-payment
(workers’ contribution to social security / insurance)
Urban government alternative sources fo
r financing the services
mobilisation of community resources
setting up of minimum living standard protection system
Rural …..
Formation of new collective (from commune to town, village etc)
Development of rural-based enterprises
Creation of social security / insurance system
Ministry of Civil Affairs
Lack of money Socialisation of Com
munity Service 社區服務社會化
Welfare factory facing with competition in open market
Continuos variation of benefit standards across district