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S. K. ShahiSecretary, IWAI
Coal Transportation by Inland Waterways
New Delhi, 10.07.2012
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IWT was important mode in the past•In 19th century steamers were plying from Kolkata up to Garhmukteshwar and Dibrugarh in the Ganga & Brahmaputra respectively•Development of Railways & Roads gave IWT a setback•In 1970s, IWT for NER revived with IWT&T Protocol between India & Bangladesh •In 1980s and 1990s, CIWTC used to ply vessels from Kolkata to Guwahati and Karimganj routes•Transported over 4 lakh tonne cargo in 1989-90, now engaged only in lighterage movement
IWT in the past
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150500
4000
0500
1000150020002500300035004000
Road Rail IWT
Fuel efficiency: One HP moves
Kgs
Road
Rail
IWT
24
85 105
04080
120
Road Rail IWT
One liter of fuel moves(T-km)
Road
Rail
IWT
5.2
2.51
0246
Road Rail IWT
Operating cost (international level)Cents /T km
Road
Rail
IWT
IWT - Advantages
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Best suited for bulk cargo (coal, minerals, food-grains, fertilizers, cement, flyash etc), ODC and hazardous goods
Provides seaport - hinterland connectivityLess development & maintenance cost
compared to Railways and RoadsAll weather mode of transport Can supplement Roads and Railways Strategic importance for North Eastern Region
IWT – Advantages contd…
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Other advantages of IWT mode
• Safest mode For each IWT fatality, there are 22.7 fatalities related to Rail and 155 in r/o Roads
•Reduction of trucks from roads (decongestion) One 1000 tonne barge = 100 trucks
•Corridor capacity While Road & Rail are stretched to limits, waterways in
India have huge unutilised capacity
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Other advantages of IWT mode
• Most environment friendly
•Minimal land acquisition
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Tons of CO2 per Million Ton
-miles
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Coal is the largest commodity by volume moving on waterways –USA’s thermal power plants use waterways for > 20 % of coal
–Germany: 45%
–China: 17%
–India: practically nil7
United States 29%
Russia 20%China
14%
Australia 10%
India 8%
Germany 5%
Kazakhstan 4%
Ukraine 4%
South Africa 4%
Serbia 2%
World's coal reserves
Inland waterways & Coal transportation …….global scenario
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Installed Capacity –Fuel wise
Gas10%
Nuclear3%
Renewable10%
Hydro 20% Coal
54%
Diesel1%
Generation Installed Capacity (as on 31.12.2011) : 187 GW
Year Installed Capacity [GW]
2007 124
By 2012 190
By 2017 290
By 2022 425
By 2027 575
By 2032 800
Power Sector Overview
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Coal: demand - supply gap• Power generation
capacity: a critical requirement
• Coal: the main source of energy
• Current coal demand: 696 MMT
• May become 1000 MMT by 2017
• Estimated coal to be imported : 137 MMT
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• Shortage of domestic coal
• Growth of installed capacity > production of domestic coal; making import of coal inevitable
• MoP has been directing generating companies for import of coal
• CEA has also issued advisory for designing new boilers suitable for blending ratio of 30:70 (imported: domestic coal) or higher
Hence, imported coal will play a key role in generating thermal power
Need for import of thermal coal
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Hence, overdependence on railways needs to be reduced: road is out of question : IWT a realistic supplementary option, especially for imported coal
Coal transportation bottlenecks
• Railway Congestion• Shortage of rakes• Shortage of bottom opening wagons Railway network has its own limitations in terms of
zonal capacities, inter-zone re-deployment of rakes, etc.
• Port congestion• Low draft at some ports like Haldia
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• 14,500 km of potential waterways
• Role of IWAI: Develop infrastructure and regulate movement on NWs
• 3 NWs developed • Two more NW (4 & 5)
declared in 2008• One more NW
declaration in process• Other waterways to be
developed by States
Waterways of India
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INDO – BANGLADESH PROTOCOL
ROUTES
JHA
RK
HA
ND
B A N G L A D E S H
BIHAR
WEST BENGAL
A S S A M
M E G H A L A Y A
MANIPUR
MIZORAM
TRIPURA
HALDIA
KOLKATA
NW
-1
DHUBRIPANDU
TEJPURSILGHAT
JOGIGHOPA
SHISHUMARA
DHULIAN
KARIMGANJ
RAJSHAHI
NARAYANGANJ
DHAKA
Brahmaputra R.
Barak
LAKHIPUR
Bay of Bengal
I N D I A
31
31C
DISPUR
40 51
SHILLONG
54
AIZWALAGARTALA
36
37 37
44
53
Jamuna R
.
Ganga R.M
eghn
a R
.`
Kusiyara R.
Surma R.
Meghna R.
Sunderbans
Hoo
ghly
R.
NW-2
BAGHABARI
Baral R.
CHILMARI
BAHADURABAD
SIRAJGANJ
ZAKIGANJ
FENCHUGANJSHERPUR
MARKULI
AJMIRIGANJ
BHAIRAB BAZAR
CHANDPUR
BARISAL
KAUKHALI
MONGLA
KHULNA
CHALNA
NAMKHANA
Raimangal R
.
GODAGARI
ARICHA
ASHUGANJ
Ganga R.
Bh
agirath
i R.
ORISSA
Padma R.
Myanmar (Burma)
IMPHAL
KOHIMA
NAGALAND
53
34
35
2
6
41
31
Legend
Kolkata - Guwahati/Pandu ...... 1535 km
Kolkata - Karimganj...................1318 km
Dhulian-Rajshahi...........................78 km
Protocol route distances
N
BHANGA
AKHAURA
DAIKHAWA
LegendDeclared National waterwayProposed National waterwayProtocol routeRoadRailNH
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ANGTIHARA
SYLHET
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
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KOTTAPURAM
ALUVA
UDYOGAMANDAL CANAL
KAKKANAD(CSEZ)CHAMPAKKARA CANALKOCHI
MARADU
VAIKOM
CHERTHALATHANNERMUKKOM
LOCK CUM BARRAGE
ALAPPUZHA
THRIKKUNNAPUZHA
KAYAMKULAM
THRIKKUNNAPUZHALOCK GATE
CHAVARA
KOLLAM
47
220
49
17
208
N
Arabian SeaLegend
Waterway alignmentRoadRailImportant places
West Coast Canal(Kottapuram – Kollam)
Champakkara & Udyogamandal canals
National Waterway-3
River distance
Kottapuram - Kollam 168 kmUdyogamandal canal 23 kmChampakkara canal 14 kmTotal length 205 km
K
E
R
A
L
A
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Development cost- Rs 1515 cr (2010prices)
Notified on 25.11.2008
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Development cost- Rs 4210 cr (2010 prices)
Notified on 25.11.2008
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BhangaBadarpur Silcha
r
Length –121 km Development cost -Rs 120 cr (at 2011
prices) Status: Declaration in process
Proposed National Waterway – 6 : River Barak
Stretch Km
Bhanga - Lakhipur 121
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Inland waterways Advantage
With so many waterways, their non- utilisation for transportation of coal is a great opportunity loss for the country
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• Transportation of imported coal to hinterland TPS ideal for IWT
Haldia to Farakka TPS; a success story in making
• For domestic coal too Coastal Shipping & IWT movement possible for MCL coal Coastal vessel is loaded at
Paradip/Dhamra Port
• Lighterage at Haldia into IWT vessel for supplying coal to TPS on Ganga or Brahmaputra
• Coastal vessel can directly supply coal at Budge Budge & Bandel TPS
• With many thermal power plants located along Ganga and many steel plants near east coast there is tremendous scope for waterways for coal transportation
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THANK YOU
Thermal power plants along NW-1
Allahabad
Haldia
136
8 Barauni
Barh
15
718
19
Bara Karchana
6
911 10 Pirpainti
Buxar
Bhagalpur
Lakhisarai1617
Anapara Obra
NTPC Plants
State Govt Plants
1
3
4
2
Bandel
Budge Budge
Kolaghat
14
Muzaffarpur
12
8
Kahalgaon
5 Farakka
Sagardighi
8 Expansion
Proposed Power Plants
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Installed power: around 15,000 MW
Total coal requirement: around 75 MMTPA Imported coal: around 15 MMTPA
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Coal transportation by inland waterways from Bay of Bengal to Farakka TPS: a success story in making
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• NTPC’s TPS at Farakka & Kahalgaon face acute shortage of coal
• They require 3-4 MMT of imported coal
• But due to several reasons, transportation of this coal has been a difficult and costly proposition for NTPC
Draft constraint at Haldia: Available draft-7.0 m High waiting time at Paradip port Limited rake availability for transportation from port High Logistics cost leads to high delivered cost of coal Handling/ transition losses Delayed delivery leading to additional losses
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After sustained persuasion by IWAI, NTPC gave commitment for transportation of 3 MMTPA imported coal by IWT for these plants for 7 years
IWAI & NTPC developed a project with entire funding by private sector
Project comprises of: Transhipment equipment at sea; about 40 barges; a terminal at Farakka; and coal conveyors from terminal to coal stack yard at Farakka
Approximate cost: Rs 650 crore By open tendering Jindal ITF identified as L1 bidder Tripartite agreement signed among IWAI, NTPC &
Jindal ITF on 11.8.11 Supply of coal to start in December, 2012 This could be a path breaking project for IWT in India
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Support provided by IWAI/NTPC
• Guaranteed cargo by NTPC- 3 MMTPA for 7 years
• Assurance from IWAI to provide LAD OF 2.5 Mts. between Haldia- Farakka for at least 330 days in a year– Suitable for 1500 T – 2000 T barges
• Vertical clearance of 10 Mts.
• Assured night navigation facility
• Connectivity through DGPS stations
• Facilitation of transfer of land at Farakka for terminal
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Current Status of Coal Transportation Project
• M/s JITF finalized the contract for transshiper in March, 2012.
• Trial run of barges undertaken successfully.• Orders place for barges at different
shipyards.• Work for construction of Jetty at Farakka
commenced. • Movement to start by December, 2012.
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JITF PROPOSED SOLUTIONTransshipper at high sea
Destination
Barges on NW-1
: Jetty with grab unloaders at destination28
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Logistics Solution for Coal Transportation on Haldia - Farakka stretch
NTPC Plant, Farakka
Conveyer Belt
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Vessel types Vessel types
Tug and Dumb Barge
Estuarine Ship
Pushboat and Dumb Barges
River Barge
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Conclusion • IWAI is geared to provide assured navigation channel with
night navigation aids in three operational NWs • With 10-11 TPS already in the vicinity of NW-1 and 10 more
coming up; it will be unfortunate if we still do not use IWT for coal transportation thereon
• Railways can simply not meet this demand- if waterways are not used, power generation will suffer- there is no other way
• Haldia- Farakka coal transportation project can therefore be a trailblazer
• Key to this project was long term cargo assurance by NTPC• Success of this project is being keenly awaited
With long term cargo commitment from shippers; and assured waterway from IWAI; private sector will come forward to invest in vessels and even infrastructure on case to case basis
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Thank you
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