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Skills: noneConcepts: innovation timing, research prototype, commodity versus custom hardware, graphical user interface, contributions of Doug Engelbart, Ivan Sutherland, and Xerox PARC
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Innovation timing
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Where does this topic fit?
• Internet concepts– Applications– Technology– Implications
• Internet skills– Application development– Content creation– User skills
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A typical graphical user interface
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Ivan Sutherland 1963 Doug Engelbart, 1968
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The TX-2 at MIT
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The Alto at Xerox PARC, 1973
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Fail: Xerox Star, 1981
Custom hardware
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Fail: Apple Lisa, 1983
Custom hardware
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Success: Apple Macintosh, 1984
Custom hardware
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Fail: VisiOn, 1983
Commodity PCs
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Fail: Windows 1, 1985
Commodity PCs
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Fail: Windows 2, 1987
Commodity PCs
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Success: Windows 3, 1990
Commodity PCs
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Not only hardware timing
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Summary
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Self-study questions
The Apple iPad was a successful product when introduced in 2010. Other tablet computers preceded it and did poorly. Describe one and discuss the reasons for its failure.
Apple introduced a hand held computer called the Newton in 1993, but it failed. What were the reasons for its failure?
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Resources
Video of Ivan Sutherland demonstrating Sketchpad, narrated by Alan Kay: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mOZqRJzE8xg
Video of Doug Engelbart demonstrating NLS: http://sloan.stanford.edu/MouseSite/1968Demo.html
A short overview of Xerox PARC and its influence on Apple and Microsoft:http://hightechhistory.com/2011/06/02/a-brief-early-history-of-xerox-parc-and-the-development-of-the-personal-computer/
Introduction of the Macintosh and the legendary “1984” commercial:http://vimeo.com/20676234
Wikipedia and other Internet sites have a lot of information on the products discussed in this presentation.