Download - Sacramento Model Calibration
NWS Calibration Workshop, LMRFC March, 2009 slide - 1
NWS Calibration Workshop, LMRFC March, 2009 slide - 2
Sacramento Model Calibration
• Goals– Unbiased reproduction of historical conditions– Parameters that cause model components to mimic
the hydrologic processes they were designed to represent
– Ability to extrapolate beyond conditions encountered in the historical record
• Strategy– Must account for the physics of the model and how
each portion of the hydrograph was intended to be modeled
– Must understand the structure of the model
NWS Calibration Workshop, LMRFC March, 2009 slide - 3
Conceptual Representation of SAC-SMA
INTERFLOWSURFACERUNOFF
INFILTRATIONTENSION
TENSION TENSION
PERCOLATION
LOWERZONE
UPPERZONE
PRIMARYFREE
SUPPLE-MENTAL
FREE
RESERVED RESERVED
FREE
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
BASEFLOW
SUBSURFACEOUTFLOW
DIRECTRUNOFF
Precipitation
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(each t)
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Sacramento Model - Percolation
LZFPMLZFSMLZTWM
LZFPCLZFSCLZTWCLZDEFR
0.1
Function of two forces:
• Lower Zone Dryness (Capillary Suction Force)
Lower Zone Deficiency Ratio (LZDEFR)
• Upper Zone Free Water Wetness (Gravity Force)
UZFWM
UZFWC
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Why nopercolationhere?
When ispercolation at the max rate?
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2
LZTWMUZTWMADIMC
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Direct RO = UZTW Excess Fracdir ADIMP
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LZTWC
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Dry areas: evapotranspiration assumes ‘connection’ between upper and lower zones
