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SBNEP-USGSHydrology Project
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Objectives
• Review existing and ongoing investigations
• Summarize the availability of existing hydrologic data
• Identify data gaps and data collection needs for successfully determining recharge, water quality, and constituent loads within the Sarasota Bay watershed
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Management Questions
• How do natural versus urbanized hydrologic regimes compare? What are the predevelopment and present hydrologic regimes?
• Are changes in imperviousness impacting runoff volumes to the Bay?
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Hypothesis
• As urbanization continues in Florida, does surface runoff increase and recharge to the aquifer decrease because of increases in impervious surfaces caused by the compaction and modification of the natural soils.
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General Direction of Flow
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RechargeDischarge
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Locations of Hydrogeologic
Sections
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Section A – A’
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Section B – B’
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Section B – B’
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Section F – F’
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Section G – G’
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Section H – H’
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Section I – I’
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Section J – J’
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Thickness of the Surficial Aquifer
System
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Chlorides in the
SurficialAquifer System
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Chloridesin the
Intermediate Aquifer System
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Potentiometric Heads
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Soil Characteristics Affecting the Infiltration of Water
• Porosity or bulk density• Texture• Water saturation• Cultural practices – compaction,
imperviousness, etc.
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Porosity and Bulk Density
Porosity (n) = Vtotal – Vsolids/ Vtotal x 100
(ratio of voids to total volume of soil, as percent)
Bulk density Dd = Weight of oven dried soil sample
Vtotal
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Relation Between Porosityand Bulk Density
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Eau Gallie Soils• Hydrologic group B/D – poorly drained• Depth to high water table: 6 – 18 inches• Bulk density (g/cc)
– 0 to 22 in: 1.25 – 1.50– 22 to 48 in: 1.45 – 1.60– 48 to 66 in: 1.55 – 1.70 (clay content 13-31%)– 66 to 80 in: 1.45 – 1.55
• Sandy, siliceous, acidic, spodic horizon, nearly level
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Myakka Soils
• Hydrologic group D – very poorly drained• Depth to high water table: 0 – 12 inches• Bulk density
– 0 to 24 in: 1.25 – 1.45– 24 to 42 in: 1.45 – 1.60– 42 to 80 in: 1.48 – 1.70
• Sandy, siliceous, acidic, spodic horizon, nearly level on broad flatwoods
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Hopopaw Soils
• Hydrologic group D – very poorly drained• Depth to high water table: +24 – 12 inches• Bulk density
– 0 to 50 in: 1.35 – 1.60– 50 to 66 in: 1.60 – 1.70 (clay content 13-28%)– 66 to 80 in: 1.50 – 1.60
• Loamy, siliceous, acidic, spodic horizon, nearly level
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Compaction – soil particles pressed together, reducing pore spaces
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Soil textureIdeal bulk density
Root growth affected
Root growth restricted
Sands, loamy sands <1.60 1.69 >1.80
Sandy loam <1.40 1.63 >1.80
Silty loam <1.30 1.60 >1.75
Silty clay loam <1.10 1.55 >1.65
Sandy clay <1.10 1.39 >1.47
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Surface Bulk Density of Earth Materials
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00
Peat
Compost
Sand
Silty loam
Clay
Glacial till
Urban lawnsCrushed rock
Urban fill
Sports fields
Pads (85%)
Pads (95%)
Concrete
Quartzite
Bulk density (g/cc)
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Subsurface Compactionfrom Wheel Traffic
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Compaction from Wheel Traffic
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Activities That Increase or Decrease Bulk Density
-0.50 0.00 0.50
Tilling
Grazing
Crops
Grading
Traffic
Sports fields
Lawns
Change in Bulk Density (g/cc)
Reforest
Compost
Ash
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Hypothesis
• As urbanization continues in Florida, does surface runoff increase and recharge to the aquifer decrease because of increases in impervious surfaces caused by the compaction and modification of the natural soils.