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Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation
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Sea Turtles in Mythology
• Turtles have long been revered in myths.
• Most Indian tribes see turtles as being sacred.
• The are seen as being supernatural because of their powers for survival.
• The Greeks saw turtles as standing for wisdom.
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More Sea Turtle Myths
• In a Chinese myth, a turtle was believed to have developed the world within its shell.
• Some Indians believe that the world in which we live was formed on the back of a turtle.
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Sea Turtles are still important in human culture today.
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Sea Turtle Identification
1. Ke m p 's Rid le y 2. Ha wksb ill 3 . Lo g g e rhe a d 4. G re e n 5. Le a the rb a c k
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Green TurtleGreen Turtle
• Most common species of sea turtle.
• It’s called the green turtle because of the green color of the fat under shell, they are not actually green.
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Green turtle
• It is one of the largest species of sea turtles: 3ft long, up to 300 lbs.
• Green turtles can be recognized because they have one pair of scales in front of their eyes, instead of 2, like most sea turtles
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Black turtle
• Black turtle is named for the black/gray color of its shell.
• It is primarily located in the Eastern Pacific, and is protected in the Galapagos and some areas of Mexico.
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Flatback Turtle
• They are named Flatback because of their flattened shell.
• Flatback Sea turtles are only found in Australia.
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Loggerhead Turtle
• Loggerheads can grow up to 350 lbs, between 31-42 ins.
• They can be identified by their large head, reddish brown carapace (top), and dull brown plastron (bottom).
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Hawksbill Turtle
• The beautiful shell of Hawksbill turtles is often used for jewelry
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Olive Ridley
• This is one of the smallest sea turtles, weighing only 100lbs. It is also one of the most numerous species of sea turtle.
• It is named Olive Ridley because of the olive coloring.
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Kemp’s RidleyKemp’s Ridley
• Kemp’s Ridley is the most endangered species, as well as the smallest: only grows to 24-28 ins and 77-100lbs.
• They are olive green in color.
• They only nest on one beach in the world, in Rancho Nuevo, Mexico.
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Leatherback
• Can dive the deepest and travel the furthest of any other turtle.
• They have tough leathery skin covering their back.
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Leatherbacks • Largest sea turtle, up
to 7 ft long, 1200lbs.• Instead of a solid shell
they have bones in their skin that form 5 ridges.
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Navigation
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Navigation• Navigation is finding
the way from one location to another.
• What are some ways that people can navigate?
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Navigation• 1. Compass• 2. Stars• 3. Position of Moon and
Sun• 4. Maps• 5. Landmarks• What are some ways that
sea turtles may navigate in the water and on land?
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Navigation• Sight• Position of the moon• Wave direction• Internal compass
(turtles that we know use this: loggerhead and leatherback)
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Navigation• So how do you think
baby turtles navigate from the nest to the ocean?
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Navigation• 1. Move away from
silhouettes at the top of the beach
• 2. Orient themselves toward the brightest light (moon on water in low populated beaches)
• They can sense the direction of waves when in the water
• Some use a magnetic compass.
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Navigation• What are some reasons
a turtle might have to navigate in the ocean?
• How far do you think turtles may migrate?
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Navigation• They migrate to find:• food• mates• and beaches to nest on
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Navigation• Some turtles migrate
over 2600 km but most will only travel 1000 km.
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Reproduction
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Reproduction• Turtles lay eggs in nests
on the beach, usually at night.
• They can lay up to several hundred in one nest.
• Many turtles can create several nests over a few weeks, during the reproductive season.
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Reproduction• After laying all their
eggs, the female turtles return to the ocean.
• After sixty days the baby turtles will emerge and travel to the ocean, and must defend themselves.
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ConservationConservation• 1. What is making the
sea turtles endangered?
• 2. How can we protect turtles and their habitats?
• 3. Problems being faced with enforcing laws.
• 4. What can we do?
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1. What is making the sea turtle endangered?
• Coastal development• A. Destroying nesting
beaches.• B. Increasing pollution
in bays.• C. Distracting
hatchlings with light. • D. Beach vehicle
activity.
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1. What is making the sea turtle endangered?
• Net & Shrimp trawls• A. Entanglement and
drowning.• B. Used in trade for
shell and meat.• C. Destroying feeding
grounds.
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1. What is making the sea turtle endangered?
• Industrial development
• A. Sand walls preventing nesting
• B. Oil spills• C. Damage to coral
reefs and sea grass beds.
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1. What is making the sea turtle endangered?
• Natural Mortality• A. Predation as
hatchlings• B. Predation as
juveniles and adults• C. Old age
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2. How can we protect the turtles and their habitat?
• Protect nesting grounds
• A. Reserves and wildlife refuge
• B. Relocate eggs to hatcheries.
• C. Patrol the beaches from poachers
• D. Prevent coastal development and activity.
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2. How can we protect the turtles and their habitat?
• Education• A. Get locals involved• B. Decrease
international trade of products
• C. Scientific research• D. Tell others
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2. How can we protect the turtles and their habitat?
• Improvements• A. Improve fishing
trawls (TED)• B. Protect with turtle
farms• C. Decrease pollution
and trash• D. Get involved
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3. Problems being faced with enforcing laws
• Not all countries have the money or manpower to control poaching on beaches.
• Violations of poaching may only face a simple fine, or may be disregarded.
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3. Problems being faced with enforcing laws
• Jurisdiction varies between governmental agencies:
• water = fishery depart.• land = wildlife and
forest depart.
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3. Problems being faced with enforcing laws
• Turtle farms for trade and reinstatement cost millions of dollars and take 20 to start.
• “to some people . . . trade and conservation appear to conflict, but if properly applied, they could well be the key to surviving the species”
• --H. Reichart
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3. Problems being faced with enforcing laws
• Local people are not educated enough in rural countries and need turtle meat as a source of protein.
• Not all nesting beaches can be protected.
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4. What can we do as students?
• We can do our part in conservation by simple acts:
• 1. Picking up trash on the beach.
• 2. Cutting soda 6-pack rings, and recycle
• 3. Don’t buy marine animal products and souvenirs
• 4. Be careful what food we eat.
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4. What can we do as students?
• We can go further by:
• 1. Volunteer in helping scientists do research.
• 2. Adopt a turtle.
• 3. Become members of animal conservation societies.
• 4. Write to your Congressman.
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Interesting Facts:Archelon is the oldest known fossil at 150MYA.
Found in 1970’s in S.Dakota.
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Archelon:Measured 15ft long (from beak to tail) and 16.5ft wide
(including flippers and shell), weighing @4,500lbs.
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Archelon:Primarily ate giant squid.
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Photo Credits
• www.cccturtle.org: #1,7,11,16,17,19,24,29,37,42• www.co.broward.fl.us/bri00600.htm: #5• www.yoto98.noaa.gov/books/seaturtles/seatur1.htm: #6• www.ex.ac.uk/telematics/EuroTurtle/homep.htm:
#8,10,12,14,18,20• www.baja-tortugas.org/conservation.html:
#13,26,32,36,38• www.bonairenet.com/turtle/turtle.htm: #10,15,21,49• www.seaworld.org/Sea_Turtle/seaturtle.html: #23,41,47• www.nps.gov/pais/turtles.htm: #25
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Photo Credits cont.
www.turtle.ky: #43, 46Webhost.bridgeW.edu/EsandG/blkbeach.htm: #45www.itec.edu.org/conservation.html: #8, 22, 48J. Ripple. 1996. Sea Turtles. Voyageur Press:
#33, 35, 39, 40, 44Jeff Seminoff: #9John R. Hendrickson: #4,27,28, 30, 34Hometown.aol.com/gonyosoma/folklore.html: #2www.bonairenet.com/turtle/turtle.htm: #9, 10www.bhigr.com/pages/info/info-rept.htm: #50,51,52