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ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
SECONDARY SECTOR: TYPES OF
INDUSTRIES
RAJENDRA DAVECHAND
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R. Davechand 2020
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Industry is an economic activity concerned with the processing of
raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.
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Heavy industry generally manufactures large, heavy articles and
materials in bulk
• Outskirts of CBD, due to pollution.
• On flat land.
• Needs access to major roads or railways
• Large amount of water supply
• Cheap land as it develops horizontally
• Associated with traffic congestion.
• Single-story buildings
• Requires large amount of power supply
• Examples: power stations,
iron and steel factory
and motor vehicle factory,
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Light industry is the manufacturing of small or light articles.
• Located in the CBD, transition zone, residential areas.
• Does not cause a lot of pollution.
• Less traffic congestion.
• Single-story or multi-story buildings.
• Requires smaller amount of power supply.
• Less traffic congestion.
• Examples:
Jewellery manufacturing
Clothing factory
Computer manufacturing.
Food and beverages
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Raw material orientated industries are those industries that are having
their locations stuck close to source of raw materials e.g. sugar milling is close to
sugar plantations.
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Market orientated industries is generally situated close to the
customers or the market place, to make it easy for the customers to access the
goods e.g. tailor
• Prioritises identifying the needs and desires of consumers and creating products
that satisfy them
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Footloose industries: are industries that can be located anywhere e.g.
manufacturing of micro chips.
• Location is not dependent on factors like raw materials and market.
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Ubiquitous industries are industries that are inseparable from the
immediate markets that they serve and are widely distributed/found everywhere.
Example telecommunications (Telkom)
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Bridge/Break-of-bulk industries takes place where cargo is
transferred from one mode of transport to another e.g. at a port, like Port Elizabeth,
where motor car manufacturers Ford, General Motors are located.
• Here raw materials that are imported are taken directly for processing and then
distributed to be sold to consumer (market).
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