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Sedge Biology and Control in Sedge Biology and Control in Warm-Season TurfWarm-Season Turf
Tim R. MurphyTim R. Murphy
The University of GeorgiaThe University of Georgia
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Taxonomy of Sedges
Order – Graminales Class – Angiospermae Subclass – Monocotyledoneae Family – Cyperaceae (grasses are in Poaceae) Problem Genera – Cyperus and Kyllinga
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Purple Nutsedge – Cyperus rotundus Introduced, native to Eurasia S. East U.S., CA and AZ Ranked world’s worst weed Forms chains of
interconnected tubers Prefers medium to fine-
textured soils Highly adapted to compacted
soils
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Yellow Nutsedge – Cyperus esculentus
Native to North America Found in all of U.S. Ranked 16th worst weed
in world Forms tubers Commonly found in
sandy soils Thrives in non-compacted
soils
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Other Key Differences
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How do nutsedges reproduce?
Seed - ?????– Research indicates seed production and viability is
very low
Tubers– The primary method of reproduction– Numerous buds per tuber
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Yellow Nutsedge Tuber Biology
Begin to form at tips of rhizomes 4 to 6 weeks after plant emerges
80% located in top 6 inches of soil Counts as high as 4 to 12 million/acre Shade will decrease tuber production
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Yellow Nutsedge Tuber Longevity
Longer as tuber burial depth increases 4 month half-life at 4 inches 6 month half-life at 8 inches 3 consecutive yrs of control reduced tuber density
85% In SC, 200,000 tubers/ac remained after 4
consecutive yrs of > 90% control in bermudagrass
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Tuber Sprouting
Buds form new shoots
Yellow – 54 F.
Purple – 68 F.
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Kyllinga species
Sedge family Annuals – seed Perennials - seed and rhizomes No tuber formation Thrive in wet soils Increasing in severity Lack of MSMA use??
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Green (perennial) kyllinga
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Sedge & Kyllinga Herbicides Basagran T/O - yellow, annual sedges, kyllinga Manage - yellow, purple, annual sedges, kyllinga Monument - yellow, purple, annual sedges,
kyllinga Katana & Battalion – in development MSMA/DSMA - yellow, purple, annual sedges,
kyllinga Image - yellow, purple, annual sedges, kyllinga Pennant - yellow, annual sedges & annual kyllinga
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Research Data
Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)
Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)
False green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima)
(Appreciation is extended to Dr. Fred Yelverton, NCSU for use of data slides)
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Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
6 WAIT
% C
ontr
ol
Monument .35 oz
Monument .59 oz
Monument .35 oz +Bueno 6 1.33pt
Manage 1.27 oz
Image 2.67 pt
Rates are per acre. Trial initiated 6-21. Sequential applied 8-2.
91b
99a
85c
74d 74d
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Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
14 WAIT
% C
ontr
ol
Monument .35 oz
Monument .59 oz
Monument .35 oz +Bueno 6 1.33pt
Manage 1.27 oz
Image 2.67 pt
Rates are per acre. Trial initiated 6-21. Sequential applied 8-2.
78bc
94a
63d69cd
63d
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Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
14 WAIT
# Sh
oots
/FT
²
Untreated
Monument .35 oz
Monument .59 oz
Monument .35 oz +Bueno 6 1.33ptManage 1.27 oz
Image 2.67 pt
Rates are per acre. Trial initiated 6-21. Sequential applied 8-2.
92a
16bc
5c
40b 38b 35b
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Untreated
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Monument .35 fb .35 oz
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Monument .59 fb .59 oz
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Manage 1.27 fb 1.27 oz
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Image 2.67 fb 2.67 pt
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False Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
6 WAIT
% C
ontr
ol
Monument .47 oz
Monument .47 fb .47 oz
Manage 1.33 oz
Manage 1.33 fb 1.33 oz
Image + MSMA .5 + 2 lb ai
85 a
97 a
82 a 84 a87 a
Rates are per acre. All trts included 0.25% v/v NIS. Trial initiated 5-7. Sequential applied 5-27.
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False Green Kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
16 WAIT
% C
ontr
ol
Monument .47 oz
Monument .47 fb .47 oz
Manage 1.33 oz
Manage 1.33 fb 1.33 oz
Image + MSMA .5 + 2 lb ai
99 a 99 a
64 b
99 a 99 a
Rates are per acre. All trts included 0.25% v/v NIS. Trial initiated 5-7. Sequentials were applied 5-27.
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Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
6 WAIT
% C
ontr
ol
Monument .47 oz
Monument .47 fb .47 oz
Manage 1.33 oz
Manage 1.33 fb 1.33 oz
Image + MSMA .5 + 2 lb ai
100 a 98 a93 a
63 bc
35 d
Rates are per acre. All trts included 0.25% v/v NIS. Trial initiated 5-13. Sequential applied 6-23.
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Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
6 WAIT
% C
ontr
ol
Flaz 1.5 fb 1.5 oz
Flaz 3 oz
Flaz 3 fb 3 oz
Sulfo 1.33 fb 1.33 oz
MSMA 2 fb 2 lb ai
80 ab
100 a98 a93 a
45 cd
Rates are per acre. All trts included 0.25% v/v NIS. Trial initiated 5-13. MSMA seq applied 5-26, flaz seq applied 6-3, sulfo seq applied 7-28.
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Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
16 WAIT
% C
ontr
ol
Monument .47 oz
Monument .47 fb .47 oz
Manage 1.33 oz
Manage 1.33 fb 1.33 oz
Image + MSMA .5 + 2 lb ai
61 abc
30 bcd
69 ab
56 abc
19 cd
Rates are per acre. All trts included 0.25% v/v NIS. Trial initiated 5-13. Sequential applied 6-23.
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Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
16 WAIT
% C
ontr
ol
Flaz 1.5 fb 1.5 oz
Flaz 3 oz
Flaz 3 fb 3 oz
Sulfo 1.33 fb 1.33 oz
MSMA 2 fb 2 lb ai
25 bcd20 cd
58 abc
81 a
39 a-d
Rates are per acre. All trts included 0.25% v/v NIS. Trial initiated 5-13. MSMA seq applied 5-26, flaz seq applied 6-3, sulfo seq applied 7-28.
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Key Factors for Sedge Control
Make initial application when sedges are actively-growing (need good soil moisture)
Repeat the application MSMA – 7 to 10 days Basagran T/0 – 7 to 10 days Monument, Manage, Katana, Battalion, Image
– 4 to 8 weeks (when regrowth is noted)
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Key Factors for Sedge Control
Be aware of rainfast periods Image - NA (water 1 to 7 d after) Monument – 3 hrs Manage – 3 to 8 hrs Basagran T/O – 4 hrs MSMA/DSMA – 24 hrs
Add adjuvant as per label.
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Key Factors for Sedge Control
Map infestations Include MSMA in rotation plan, especially
for kyllinga Include Basagran T/O in rotation plan,
especially for yellow nutsedge
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Key Factors for Sedge Control
Follow all approved cultural practices Eliminate drainage problems Don’t over-irrigate and create habitat
favored by sedges and kyllinga
Plan on a multi-year program Persistence will be required
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Sedge control ratings for selected turfgrass herbicides. (From McCarty, Murphy and Yelverton)
HerbicideAnnual Sedge
Purple Nutsedge
YellowNutsedge
Annual Kyllinga
Green Kyllinga
Pennant G P G F-G P
Ronstar G P P F P
Basagran T/O G P G F-G F-G
Image G G P-F G G
Manage G G G G F-G
MSMA/DSMA G P-F F G G
Image + MSMA
G G-E G G G
Monument ?? G-E G G G-E
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???QUESTIONS????
www.georgiaturf.com