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Self-Assessment
AnatomyandPhysiologyoftheRetina©TheUniversityofIowa,2018
1)Namethestructureslabeledintheimagebelow.
A___________________________________________
B___________________________________________
C___________________________________________
D___________________________________________
E___________________________________________
F___________________________________________
G___________________________________________
2)The_____________________________providesabout__________%oftheconvergingpowerneededtofocusimagesonthebackoftheeye.Theremaining___________%ofthefocusingpowercomesfromthe__________________________,whichactuallybecomesthickerwhenapersonlooksanearobjectsduetocontractionofthe____________________________.
3)Namethestructureslabeledintheimageonthefollowingpage.
A___________________________________________ F___________________________________________
B___________________________________________ G___________________________________________
C___________________________________________ H___________________________________________
D___________________________________________ I___________________________________________
E___________________________________________ J___________________________________________
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4)Thereare__________timesmorerodphotoreceptorsthanconesinthehumanretina,and______________________________________aretheleastnumerousofall.
5)Thelowestratioofphotoreceptorstoganglioncellsoccursinthefovea–approximately____________toone--whichenablestheveryhighacuityvisionassociatedwiththisregion.Intheperiphery,asingleganglioncellcanreceiveinputfrommorethan_________________photoreceptors.
6)Placethefollowingsixanatomicalzonesinorderofdecreasingdiameterandwritethelargestdiameterinmmofeachzonebesideitsname:Fovea,Parafovea,Perifovea,Foveola,Umbo,FovealAvascularZone.
A___________________________________________ D___________________________________________
B___________________________________________ E___________________________________________
C___________________________________________ F___________________________________________
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Page 37)Completethefollowingtableindicatingtheneurotransmitterandtypeofoutput(gradedoractionpotential)foreachtypeofneuron.
CellType Neurotransmitter Output
GanglionCell _____________________________________________________________
BipolarCell _____________________________________________________________
Photoreceptor _____________________________________________________________
8)Rhodopsinbelongstoafamilyofreceptorsknownas________________________________
______________________________________________.Thefirsttwowordsofthisreceptorfamily’s
namerefertowhatproteininrhodopsin’scase?_____________________________________
Theresidueofrhodopsinthatcovalentlybinds11-cisretinalis
_________________________________________________.
9)Inthenormalretina,ABCA4flips__________________________________________________
tothecytoplasmicleafletofthediskmembrane.InStargardtdisease,the
impairmentofABCA4functioncauses_________________________________________________
toaccumulateontheinnerleafletofthedisk.Thismaterialalsoaccumulates
withinandbeneaththeretinalpigmentepitheliumintheformofthe
ophthalmoscopicallyvisible___________________________________________________thatare
characteristicofStargardtdisease.
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10)Theprocessdepictedinthetwoimagesaboveisknownas
___________________________________________andtakesplaceonatimescaleof
___________________________________________.
Namealltheletteredmoleculesinthesetwoimages.
A___________________________________________ F___________________________________________
B___________________________________________ G___________________________________________
C___________________________________________ H___________________________________________
D___________________________________________ I___________________________________________
E___________________________________________ J___________________________________________
K___________________________________________ O___________________________________________
L___________________________________________ P___________________________________________
M___________________________________________ Q___________________________________________
N___________________________________________
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11)Theprocessdepictedinthetwoimagesaboveisknownas
___________________________________________andtakesplaceonatimescaleof
___________________________________________.
Namealltheletteredmoleculesinthesetwoimages.
A___________________________________________ G___________________________________________
B___________________________________________ H___________________________________________
C___________________________________________ I___________________________________________
D___________________________________________ J___________________________________________
E___________________________________________ K___________________________________________
F___________________________________________