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Semester 2:Unit 1
ElectrostaticsSpring 2015
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Agenda 1/20/15
Welcome! Seating Chart Name Game Info Sheets
Introduction to Electrostatics Activity What do you know about this stuff?
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Seating Chart
Arrange yourselves in alphabetical order ACROSS each ROW.
You have 2 minutes
GO!!
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Agenda 1/21/15 Double Period
Collect Signed Syllabi
Complete Intro to Electrostatics Lab Think about: What causes charge? In what ways can charge build up?
Discuss findings from activity
Notes on types of charging
Begin Types of charging lab
HW: Complete analysis and conclusion of lab
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Let’s talk
What are the parts of an atom? Which part moves most easily?
What is a conductor? Examples?
What is an insulator? Examples?
Big Question: What makes something a conductor or an
insulator?
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Methods of Charging
Chapter 19
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Conductors vs. Insulators
Conductor: allows charge flow easily
Metals
Insulator: doesn’t allow charge flow easily
Glass, dry wood, cloth, air,most plastics
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Like Charges & Unlike Charges
Charge moves due to motion of electrons
Electrons are negatively charged
When two materials +, repel
When two materials -, repel
When one material + and one material -, attract
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Charging by Conduction
Redistribution of charge by direct touching together of two objects
Made easier/quicker if both are electrical conductors
Originally uncharged material gets same charge concentration as originally charged material if contact between the two exists for a long period of time
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Charging by Conduction
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Charging by Friction
When two initially uncharged materials make contact, the better conductor grabs the electrons from the better insulator
In the process, both become charged
Substance w/more electrons becomes negative; other becomes positive
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Charging by Friction
High affinity for electrons
(conductors)
Low affinity for electrons
(Insulators)
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Charging by Induction
Charge accumulates on originally uncharged material due to a charged material being placed nearby the uncharged material at the same time as a ground is established.
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Induction Example: Grounding
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Induction Example: Contact
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Induction Example: + Charge
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Induction by PolarizationPolarized: the + and – charges are not evenly distributed in a material (+ pole and – pole)
When the charged material is an insulator (non-conducting), polarization occurs in the conductor and the two materials are attracted
Cellophane on plastic, balloon on shirt
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Induction by Polarization
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Agenda 1/22/15
Complete Types of Charging Lab At least 2 Problem Solving Activities Show off Physics Skills
Lab Exit Slip
Forces and Free Body Diagram Intro
HW: FBD Practice 1
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Agenda 1/23/15 Physics Phriday
Discuss Types of Charging Analysis Turn in lab
Intro to Free Body Diagrams Practice
Coulomb’s Law Lab Netbook activity
HW: Complete Coulomb’s Law Lab Analysis
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Before we start
On a separate sheet of paper:
Tell me the 4 types of charging
AND
Draw an example of each type
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Agenda 1/26/15
Complete Coulomb’s Law Lab Graphing Hints Build Coulomb’s Law
Practice problems with C.L.
HW: Finish Write-Up for C.L. Lab
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Graphing Hints
Indirect Relationship
F = -x
Inverse Square
F =1/x2Inverse Relationship
F = 1/x
F = x
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Agenda 1/27/15
Discuss Coulomb’s Law Lab Determine the flaw in the program Complete Lab
Notes on Coulomb’s Law Practice Problems for CL
HW: Finish Write-Up for C.L. Lab
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Coulomb’s Law
FE = k|q1||q2| / r2
k = Coulomb’s Constant = 9.0 x 109 Nm2/C2
q1 & q2: Charges in coulombs (C)
r = distance from center of one charge to center of the opposite charge (m)
If charges opposite, then attractive
If charges like, then repulsive force
Equal force upon both objects (Newton’s 3rd Law)
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Opposites Attract, Likes Repel
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Inverse Square Law
Like with sound intensity, there is an inverse-square relationship between force and distance of separation
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Fundamental Charge
When an atom ionizes to +1 or -1 in chemistry, how much charge does this represent in coulombs?
+1 in chem = 1.60 x 10-19 C = e
1.60 x 10-19 C is smallest quantified charge
Proton = 1.60 x 10-19C, electron = -1.60 x 10-19C
Also called elementary charge
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Net Charge
The net charge equals the (number of extra or deficient electrons) x ( +/- 1.60 x 10-19 C)
q = Ne
If you have a substance with 5 extra electrons, then q = (5) (-1.6 x 10-19 C)
= -8.0 x 10-19 C
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Net Charge
What is the net charge in Coulombs of a... Fe atom?
Fe2+ ion?
Fe3+ ion?
Charge amounts are always simple whole number multiples of the fundamental charge!
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Coulomb’s Law in an Atom
What is the average electric force between a proton and an electron in a hydrogen atom? (average distance of separation between p+ and e- is 5.3 x 10-11 m)
Answer is 39 orders of magnitude greater than gravitational attraction between the two!
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Agenda 1/28/15 DoublesTurn in Coulomb’s Law Lab Final Questions Lab Exit Slip next period
Practice Net Charge and CL Practice Problems for CL Practice Net Charge
Review Everything up to now
HW: Study for Quiz Tomorrow
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Agenda 1/29/15Discuss the Review Worksheet Types of Charging Coulomb’s Law
Review Activity for types of charging
Brief Review Quiz
HW: None for tonight
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Agenda 1/30/15Review Electrostatics Quiz
Amount of Electrons on a Balloon Lab q = Ne
More Force Practice…maybe
HW: Write up the balloon lab
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Agenda 2/4/15Pass Back A LOT!!
Collect Balloon Lab from the rest
Electric Field PhETs Field of Dreams and Field Hockey
Notes of E-Fields and Diagrams Practice Problems
HW: Complete E-Field WS
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Electric Fields
Vector quantity
Relates the force exerted on a positive test charge to the size of the test charge
Changes with location
Unit: N/C
E = Coulomb’s force on q’ E = FE
q’ q’
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Example ProblemWhat is the strength and direction of the electric field 0.250m to the right of a 1.00C electric charge?
What is the strength of the field .250m to the left of the same charge?
.250m above the same charge?
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Electric Field Lines
Arrows show the force direction acting upon a positive test chargeThe more field lines per area, the more intense the electric field is.Notice that arrows flow
out of the positivecharge.
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Electric field lines: Multiple Charges
Charges of opposite sign display a watermelon or football-shaped field line structure between them.
Again, arrows flow out of + and into -
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Electric field lines: Multiple Charges
Charges of same sign display a diamond- shaped field line structure between them.
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Electric field lines: Multiple Charges
Show field lines entering or leaving each charge in the ratio of the relative magnitudes of the charges.
• Above, red charge (+) has 12 lines leaving, blue charge (-) has 6 lines entering, so red charge must have double the magnitude that the blue charge possesses.
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Electric field lines: Multiple Charges
More powerful charge tends to dominate the less powerful one and change the basic watermelon/ diamond shape.
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Electric Field Lines:Charged Conductors
Two oppositely-charged conducting plates have field lines roughly linear between them and rounded off their edges.
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Rules Recap for Drawing E-Field Lines
1. Don’t have field lines cross.
2. Have the same ratio of lines entering/exiting charges as the ratio of the magnitude of the charges
3. Have at least 3 lines entering/exiting all charges
4. Best amount of field lines per charge is from 4-12 lines.
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Two
Charge
Examples