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Semiotics Readings: Theory Text Ch. 5, 3:5, 3:6
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Semiotics on-line
• Semiotics as the “study of signs” (very basic definition)
• Other useful terminology– semantics: relationship of signs to what they stand for; – syntactics (or syntax): formal or structural relations between signs; – pragmatics: relation of signs to interpreters
• Resources:– Daniel Chandler Semiotics for Beginners
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/S4B/semiotic.html– See also: Course website links on WebDav
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Language (F. de Saussure)
• not just a naming-process linking words & things
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Linguistic Signs• Words and language link a ‘signifier’ to concepts and “sound-
images”
• “sound-images” have two parts : Signified, signifier
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Simplified Semiotic Model
“Semiotic Domains and Non-Textual TechnologiesFrom Design”by Barrie Carter and Duncan Knight (2008).
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Peirce’s Model
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Complex Model
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Sign (C.S. Peirce)• Sign “is something which
stands to somebody for something” (representamen)
• Creates another sign (mental image) or “interpretant” that has
like content • NOT like this
picture
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Semiotic & Analysis of Visual Images
• Zhang O’s series ‘Daddy & Me’– signifiers? (shown, not shown)
– What is signified
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Types of Signs (Peirce)
• Icon
• Index
• Symbol
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Icon• only is a “sign” if the “object” exists
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Icon: has meaning even if the “object”
doesn’t exist
• From M. McArthur Reading Buddhist Art
Yamandejia or Yamantaka (Terminator of Death--Victory over evil) (From M. McArthur Reading Buddhist Art)
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Yamantaka Thangka
• Textile• Tibet/Xizang• C. 1644-1911(?)• The John C. and Susan L. Huntington
Archive of Buddhist and Related Art, The Ohio State University
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Court Scene: Picton Trial
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Index
• Connects both with the “object” and with the person for whom it serves as a sign
• Three characteristics– No significant resemblance to
object– Refer to singularities– Direct attention by “compulsion”
• Does not depend on association by resemblance or intellectual activities
• Video clip (Cai Guo-Qiang discussing Gunpowder Paintings & Reading a Painting--from Art:21, Art in the Twenty-first Century, Season Three)
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Symbol• Associated with “objects” (or
ideas) by habit or convention without regard for original selection
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Pride Flag
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Che Guevara--revolution
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Uncropped photo
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Nike Che
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Levels of Meaning (Roland Barthes)
• Informational (communication of message)
• Symbolic (semiologies of various kinds, common lexicon of meanings, closed sense, obvious meaning(s))
• Signifying/Obtuse (extends beyond culture, signifier without signified, outside language, disturbs, indifferent to the story, against nature, free of narrative, subversive, DIFFERENT, point where “another language begins”)
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Ivan the Terrible Screen Shot
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Ordinary fascism image screen shot
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Signs, Meanings & “events” (Make Bal)
• Rethinking encounters with signs and meanings
• Narrativity vs. scenes from everyday life with no iconographic expectations (maybe)
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Nailhole
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NailHole
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How do we know what viewers will respond to?
• Differences between verbal and visual texts
• Fundamental differences between verbal and visual “reality” (or ways of seeing)
• Work-reader interaction
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“A picture is worth a thousand words”
• New skepticism about photography and “truth” BUT….persistence of belief in visual images– Video of tasar use by police
and death of R. Robert Dziekanski at Vancouver International Airport:
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3Ggpme5nUA
Larry Berg, CEO of the Vancouver Airport Authority, points to a map showing the customs area controlled by the Canada Border Services Agency.(CBC)
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Facts, “Truth” and Design (Kress and Van Leeuwen)
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Theories and Images (Paul Gilroy)
• Denotations• “reading” visual
representations & text
• Critical discourse analysis
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August Sander--”Men in Suits” (John Berger)
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P. Diddy (200-2008)
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Hipster
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“Beautiful Women”
• Ad and Illustration for article about ‘White Trash’ aesthetics by M. Talbot, “Getting Credit for being White” New York Times Magazine. Vol. 147 (Nov. 30 1997)
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Jeong Mee Joon: Girl & Boy babies and their things
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Notions of ‘semiotics’ useful for analyzing visual challenges to conventions
Marcel Duchamp. Fountain, original (left) and recreations of lost 1917 “Original”
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Manet Olympia
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Yasamasu Morimura
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Communication & Semiotics (Signs & Codes)
• “Sign: something that stands for something else in a system of signification (language, images, etc.)” (M. Levine 2005)
• “ Code: the relational system that allows a sign to have meaning, the social organization of meanings into binary oppositions, hierarchies, and differential systems.”