Sensor Technologies on Flexible Substrates:
In-‐Space Manufacturing
Jessica Koehne Center for Nanotechnology NASA Ames Research Center
4/26/2016
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160012482 2018-07-02T15:28:06+00:00Z
In-‐Space Manufacturing • No need to wait for resupply • FabricaJon on-‐demand
• Printers and FuncJonal Inks • Compliant or woven
substrates allow easy integraJon into flexible or compliant surfaces
• Technologies include: – Energy generaJon & storage – CommunicaJon – Integrated circuits – Sensors
• Click to add Text • Click to add Text
• Click to add Text
Title in here
Substrates Inks Manufacturing Silicon Kapton Metal Glass Ceramic PAPER POLYMER
Conductor Semiconductor Insulator Passivation Catalyst Biological agent
Roll-to-Roll Screen Printing Gravure Transfer INK JET PLASMA JET
Carbon Nanotube Based eInk and Printing
Prin;ng Materials and Methods
• Sensors fabricated on paper • Gas sensor, chemical sensor, bio sensor, and strain gauge • Detection of structural defects and cracks, structural health monitoring
• Commercial: Intelligent packaging, advertising banner, newspaper
• Features
• Flexible, bendable, foldable • Bio-degradable: green technology
• Robust at cryogenic temperatures
• Role-to-role printing or ink-jet printing process • Cheaper than solid-state sensors
• Biomedical: Single-time use, disposable
Advantages of Paper
• Glass tube or nozzle; two copper band electrodes (20 mm apart)
• Helium atmospheric plasma • can introduce different gases for
chemistry control (e.g. hydrogen for reducJon)
• Nanocolloids, organic materials etc. transported as aerosol by carrier gas
• Spot size can be altered by changing print head nozzle diameter
• MulJple jets for different coaJngs
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet
Technology Demo: Chemical Sensing
• Humidity and NH3 Sensor on Paper
• NH3 Sensor on TexJles
CNT network
Cellulous paper
Electrode(a) (b)
(c) (d)-40 0 40 80 120 160 200
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
60%
40%
30%
10%
Con
duct
ance
(µS
)
Time (min)
RH=
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40-1.0-0.5
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0
NH
3 con
cent
ratio
n (p
pm)
Res
ista
nce
resp
onse
(%)
Time (min)
0
50
100
m e ta llic C N Ts
se m ico n d u c t in g C N Ts
humidity ammonia
Metallic CNT
SemiconducJng CNT
0 5 10 15 20 25 3056.6
56.8
57.0
57.2
57.4
Sens
itivi
ty (%
)
Res
ista
nce
(KΩ
)
Time (min)
0
1
2
8ppm 16ppm 24ppm
50ppm
purge
• Sensors on Paper
• Sensor on Polyimide
Technology Demo: Biological Sensing
!5.00E!07'
0.00E+00'
5.00E!07'
1.00E!06'
1.50E!06'
2.00E!06'
2.50E!06'
3.00E!06'
3.50E!06'
4.00E!06'
4.50E!06'
!0.40' !0.15' 0.10' 0.36' 0.61'
Current'(A)'
Potential'(V'vs.'SCE)'
w/o CRP
w/ 75 ng/mL CRP
Sensors on Flexible Substrates for Next Genera;on EVA Suit
• Human health monitoring – Skin Wearable Sensors
• Sweat, saliva, urine, blood • Health & human performance • pH, proteins, ions, etc.
– In Suit Sensors • Breath • Health & human performance • O2, CO2, acetone, NO2
• Environmental monitoring – Gas or vapor
• CO, NH3, hydrazine • Structural Health Monitoring
– Strain
Acknowledgements
NASA ARC • Jinwoo Han • Ramprasad Gandhiraman • Beomseok Kim • Emily Rand • Rakesh Gupta • Ruchi Pandya • Mikalojus Brazdziunas • Josephine Cunningham • Nicholas Brenes • Tony Ricco • Jing Li • M. Meyyappan
Collaborators • Gregory WhiJng – PARC • Richard Crooks – UT AusJn • David Estrada – Boise State