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Sentence Structure
Why Verbs Matter So much!
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Verbs--Most Important Word in the sentence!
They determine the structure of the sentence
Two kinds of Verbs: Action and Linking
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Action Verbs Show an Action…this is something we
could see or do; most verbs (in the infinitive form):
To Think to jumpTo Run to loveTo Smile to dreamTo Eat to studyTo sleep to kickTo drive to compute
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Linking Verbs Show a state of being When A form of the verb “to Be” is
the main verb…it’s linkingBe Am IsAre Was WereBeen Being Also, Become & Seem
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Verbs with multiple personalities…
Some verbs can be linking verbs or Action Verbs
appear, feel, grow, look, prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, and turn.
How do you tell the difference?
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What do I do Now? Try to substitute the verb for a
form of the verb “to be” like “am,” “is,” or “are.”
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Try it Sylvia tasted the spicy squid
eyeball stew……substitute “is” for the verb…
Sylvia is the stew? I don't think so! Tasted, therefore, is an action verb in this sentence, something Sylvia is doing.
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Try it The squid eyeball stew tasted
good.
The squid eyeball stew is good? Makes sense…must be linking!
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Try it I smell the delicious aroma of a
mushroom and papaya pizza baking in the oven.
The mushroom and papaya pizza smells heavenly.
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Note…This won’t work with “to appear”
Figure it out…which is an action?The blue Jay appeared happy to see
the bird feeder.Or
The blue jay suddenly appeared on the branch near the bird feeder. (try to substitute an action verb)
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Back to Action Verbs
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There are two kinds of action verbs--transitive &
intransitive
In tra ns it ive V e rbsN o D ire ct O b je ct
V e rb is c om p le te on its o w n
T ra n s it ive V e rbsH a s a d ire c t ob je ct
N e ed s to d ire c t o b jec t to com p le te its th o ug h t, to re c e iv e its ac tion
A c tio n V e rbs
Realize though, that many verbs are both transitive and intransitive
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Action verbs-Intransitive
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Intransitive VerbsExamples:
Huffing and puffing, we arrived at the classroom door with only seven seconds to spare.
OrJames went to the campus cafe for a
steaming bowl of squid eyeball stew.
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Action Verbs--Transitive Verbs
Again, these subject patterns may have adjectives, adverbs, prepositional phrases, etc. These are the main structural units of the sentence.
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S V DO Everyone loves Raymond. How to find the Direct Object. Find the subject and verb, then ask
“Who” or “what” everyone Loves who or what?
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S V DOSylvia kicked Juan under the table.Subject? Verb? Subject Verb who or what?
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S V IO DOHow to find the indirect objectFind the subject and verbFind the direct object, subject and verb
who or whatAsk “to/for whom” or “to/for what”When someone Gets the direct object,
there is an indirect object
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S V IO DOJosh built a Sand Castle on the
Beach. Vs. Josh built his sister a sand castle on
the beach.
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Double Checking indirect objects
Can you make the indirect object into a prepositional phrase using “to” or “for”
To explain the broken lamp, we told mom a lie.
What’s the indirect object? Check, make it into a prepositional
Phrase
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Summing up action verbs
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Subject Complement
A subject complement is the adjective, noun, or pronoun that
follows a linking verb.
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Linking verbs Sentence Patterns
Linking Verbs
3 Sentence Patterns
S LV PN
A predicate noun or subject complement—The Predicate Noun or pronoun RENAMES the subject
S LV PA
A predicate adjective or subject complement describes the subject of the sentence
S LV adverbial
An adverbial is a phrase or clause acting as an adverb often in the form of a prepositional phrase answering the questions where? or when?
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S LV PN, exampleA Ferret is a type of Weasel.My mother is a lawyer in providence.
Steve is the best student in the
class. To double check: use an = Ferret=weasel
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S LV PAA ferret is furry and fuzzy.Brandon becomes embarrassed when
people compliment his skill.The exchange student was French. Double check, can the adjective be
moved in front of the subject? The furry ferret…
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S LV adverbMy birthday was yesterday.
The ferret is in the garage.
The ghost is in the attic.
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S LV PronounWhen a Pronoun is used as a Subject Complement, you use the Subject Pronouns:I you s/heWe they Who
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Examples Don’t get mad at me for pulling
your hair. It was he.
Remember the wonderful poet we were talking about. This is she.
Hello, it is I, your wonderful teacher.
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To Review