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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Leadership
Session 17– Leadership Ethics
Northouse, 5th edition
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Leadership Ethics Perspective
Ethical Theories
Principles of Ethical Leadership
Diverse Ethical Perspectives How Does the Leadership Ethical
Perspective Work?
Overview
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Leadership Ethics Description
Ethics
– Is a derivative of the Greek word ethos, meaning customs,
conduct, or character
– Is concerned with the kinds of values and morals an individualor society ascribes as desirable or appropriate
– Focuses on the virtuousness of individuals and their motives
Ethical Theory
– Provides a system of rules or principles as a guide in making
decisions about what is right/wrong and good/bad in a specific
situation
– Provides a basis for understanding what it means to be a
morally decent human being
Definition & Theory
Definition & Theory
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Ethical Theories
Two Broad Domains: Theories about leaders’conduct and about leaders’ character
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Ethical Theories
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Ethical Theories
Teleological Theories: focus on consequences of leaders’ actions,results
– Ethical egoism (create greatest good for the leader)
Closely related to transactional leadership theories Example: leader takes a political stand on an issue for no other
reason than to get re-elected
– Utilitarianism (create greatest good for greatest number)
Example: leader distributes scarce resources so as to maximizebenefit to everyone, while hurting the fewest; preventive healthcarevs. catastrophic illnesses
– Altruism (show concern for best interests of others)
Authentic transformational leadership is based on altruistic principles
• Example: the work of Mother Theresa, who gave her entire life to helpthe poor
CONDUCT
CONDUCT
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Ethical Theories
Deontological Theories: duty driven, for
example, relates not only to consequences but
also to whether action itself is good
– Focuses on the actions of the leader and his/her
moral obligation and responsibilities to do the right
thing
Example: telling the truth, keeping promises, being
fair
CONDUCTCONDUCT
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Ethical Theories
Virtue-based Theories: about leader’s
character – Focus on who people are as people
Rather than tell people what to do, tell people
what to be
Help people become more virtuous through
training and development Virtues present within person’s disposition, and
practice makes good values habitual
• Examples: courage, honesty, fairness, justice,
integrity, humility
CHARACTERCHARACTER
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Centrality of Ethics to Leadership
Influence dimension of leadership requiresthe leader to have an impact on the lives of
followers
Power and control differences createenormous ethical responsibility for leader’s
Respect for persons – sensitive to followers’
own interests, and needs
Leaders help to establish and reinforce
organizational values – an ethical climate
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Diverse Perspectives of Leadership
Heifetz’s PerspectiveHeifetz’s Perspective
Emphasizes how leaders help followers toconfront conflicting values & to effect change
from conflict
– Ethical perspective that speaks directly to – Values of workers Values of organizations and the communities in
which they work
– Leaders use authority to mobilize followers to Get people focused on issues Act as a reality test regarding information Manage and frame issues Orchestrate conflicting perspectives
Facilitate the decision-making process
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Diverse Perspectives of Leadership
Heifetz’s PerspectiveHeifetz’s Perspective
Emphasizes how, cont’d. – Leaders use authority to mobilize followers to
Get people focused on issues Act as a reality test regarding information
Manage and frame issues Orchestrate conflicting perspectives Facilitate the decision-making process
– Leader provides a holding environment , a
supportive context in which there is – Trust, nurturance & empathy
– Leader’s duties –
Assist the follower in struggling with change and
personal growth
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Diverse Perspectives of Leadership
Burn’s Perspective
Theory of Transformational Leadership
– Strong emphasis on followers’ needs, values &morals
– Leaders help followers in their personal strugglesconcerning conflicting values
– Stressing values such as liberty, justice, equality
– Connection between leader & follower
Raises level of morality of both
– Leader’s Role
Assist followers in assessing their values & needs
Help followers to rise to a higher level of functioning
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Diverse Perspectives of Leadership
Greenleaf’s PerspectiveGreenleaf’s Perspective
Servant Leadership – has strong altruistic ethical overtones
Leaders –
– focus on & attentive to needs of followers – empathize with followers
– take care of and nurture followers
Leader has a social responsibility to be concerned with“have-nots” in the organization and:
– Remove inequalities & social injustices – Uses less institutional power
– Uses less control
– Shifts authority to followers
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Diverse Perspectives of Leadership
Greenleaf’s PerspectiveGreenleaf’s Perspective
Servant Leadership Values:
– Involvement
– Respect
– Trust
– Individual strength
Follower Needs – Become more knowledgeable
– More autonomous
– Become more like servants
– Listening
– Empathy
– Unconditional acceptance
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Diverse Perspectives of Leadership
Recent Research – 1999-2002Recent Research – 1999-2002
Includes wide range of concepts
focused on: – Identifying attributes of service leadership
– Examining conceptual frameworks of
servant leadership – Developing instruments to measure
servant leadership
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Principles of Ethical Leadership
Ethics - is central toleadership because of:
– The process of influence
– The need to engage
followers to accomplish mutualgoals
– The impact leaders have on
establishing the organization’s
values
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Principles of Ethical Leadership
Respects
Others
Leader shall:
– Treat other people’s values anddecisions with respect
– Allow others to be themselves with
creative wants and desires
– Approach others with a sense of unconditional worth and value
individual differences
Leader behaviors:
- Listens closely to subordinates
- Is empathic
- Is tolerant of opposing viewpoints
Treating others as ends (their own goals)rather than as means (to leaders’ personal goals)
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Principles of Ethical Leadership
Leader’s have - – A duty to help others pursue their
own legitimate interests and goals
– To be stewards of the organization’svision; in serving others they:
clarify , nurture, and integrate thevision with, not for, organizationmembers
– An ethical responsibility to makedecisions that are beneficial to their
followers’ welfare
Follower-centered - Based on thealtruistic principle of placing followersforemost in the leader’s plans
Leader behaviors
• Mentoring behaviors
• Empowerment behaviors
• Team building behaviors
• Citizenship behaviors
Serves
Others
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Principles of Ethical Leadership
Leader’s shall – – adhere to principles of distributive
justice
Leader behaviors
All subordinates are treated in an equalmanner
In special treatment/special considerationsituations, grounds for differentialtreatment are clear, reasonable, andbased on sound moral values
Ethical leaders are concerned with issues of fairness and justice; they place issues of
fairness at the center of their decision making Shows
Justice
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Principles of Ethical Leadership
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Principles of Ethical Leadership
Leaders: – Are not deceptive
– Tell the truth with a
balance of openness and candor whilemonitoring what isappropriate to disclosein a particular situation
Honest leaders are authentic but also sensitiveto the feelings and attitudes of others
Leader behaviors
– Don’t promise what you can’tdeliver
– Don’t suppress obligations
– Don’t evade accountability
– Don’t accept “survival of thefittest” pressures
– Acknowledge and rewardhonest behavior in the
organization
Manifests
Honesty
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Principles of Ethical Leadership
Concern for common good means leaderscannot impose their will on others; they search
for goals that are compatible with everyone.
Ethical Leaders &Followers
take into accountpurposes of everyone in
the group, and reach out beyond their
own mutually definedgoals to wider community
Leader behaviors
– Takes into account purposes of
everyone in the group – Is attentive to interests of thecommunity and culture
– Does not force others or ignoreintentions of others
BuildsBuilds
CommunityCommunity
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
How Does the
Ethical Leadership
Perspective Work?
Strengths
Criticisms
Application
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Strengths
Provides a body of timely research on ethical issues
Provides direction on how to think about ethical
leadership and how to practice it
Suggests that leadership is not an amoral
phenomenon and that ethics should be considered as
integral to the broader domain of leadershipHighlights principles and virtues that are important
in ethical leadership development
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Criticisms
Lacks a strong body of traditional researchfindings to substantiate the theoretical
foundations
Relies heavily on writings of just a few individuals that are primarily descriptive andanecdotal in nature, and are stronglyinfluenced by personal opinion and aparticular worldview
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Application
Can be applied to individuals at all levels of organization and in all walks of life
Because leadership has a moral dimension, being a
leader demands awareness on our part of the way our
ethics defines our leadershipManagers and leaders can use information on ethics to
understand themselves and strengthen their own
leadership
Leaders can use ethical principles as benchmarks for
their own behavior
Leaders can learn that leader-follower relationship is
central to ethical leadership
Ch d hi hi
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Exercise 1
Fill the PLIS individually and share
your results in small groups.
Compile a master list showing therange of scores on this scale
Each group reports its results in a
large-group discussion. How awareness about self and others
help in ledership?
Ch t 15 L d hi Ethi
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Chapter 15 – Leadership Ethics
Exercise 2
Solve case Studies