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Shakespeare’s Plays
Tragedy: a play that traces the main character’s downfall
Comedy: a play that ends happily and usually contains many humorous elements
History: a play that chronicles the life of an English monarch
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Tragedy and the Tragic Hero
Shakespeare’s tragedies are often called his “greatest plays.”
Every tragedy contains a “tragic hero”
Tragic hero: a main character who goes through a series of events that lead to his/her downfall
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Qualities of a Tragic Hero
Possesses importance or high rank
Exhibits extraordinary talents
Displays a tragic flaw—an error in judgment or defect in character—that leads to downfall
Faces downfall with courage and dignity
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Tragic Hero Cont.
Dramatic Foils- characters that are opposites or pitted against each other. The foil usually tried to prevent another character, usually the hero or protagonist, from doing something. He “foils” his plans.
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Soliloquy and Aside Shakespeare uses soliloquies and asides even
though these are not things that are used in real life.
Soliloquy: a long speech given by a character while alone on stage to reveal his or her private thoughts or intentions. (monologue)
Aside: a character’s quiet remark to the audience or another character that no one else on stage is supposed to hear. A stage direction (often in brackets) indicates an aside
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Aside Example
Trebonius: Caesar, I will. [Aside] And so near will I be
That your best friends shall wish I had been further.
The audience is meant to hear the aside, but not Caesar.
What does the aside suggest?
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Dramatic Irony
Dramatic Irony: when the reader or audience knows something that one or more of the characters do not know.
How is dramatic irony used in horror movies?
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Word Play PUNS – words with similar sounds but
different meanings.
I continually asked the track coach about joining the team but he just kept giving me the run-around.
Did you hear about the guy whose whole left side was cut off? He's all right now.
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Word Play
OXYMORON – words with opposite meaning that are used together.
Original copy
Second best
Same difference
Easy payments
Work party
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Word Play
SEXUAL DOUBLE ENTENDRES- common words with sexual connotation.
The photographer was disappointed because when he looked at the pictures of the cheerleading team, he realized they weren’t developed.
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Word Play
AMBIGUITY – words that convey more than one meaning.
"Thanks for dinner. I’ve never seen potatoes cooked like that before."
(Jonah Baldwin in the film Sleepless in Seattle, 1993)
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Word Play
MALAPROPISMS – words misused, usually humorously, because they happen to sound like other words.
"I resemble that remark!” (Instead of resent)
“Density has brought me to you.” (Instead of destiny)
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Literary Term
Alliteration- the repeated occurrence of a consonant sound at the beginning of several words in the same phrase.
"Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers …"
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You got rhythm, but no rhyme!
Blank Verse is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme.
Meter is the pattern of stressed or unstressed syllables.
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Iambic Pentameter
The most common meter in English poetry, the so-called iambic pentameter, is a sequence of five iambic feet or iambs, each consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one ("da-DUM") :
da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM da-DUM