Shigeru Tanaka1)
Kazuyuki Hokamoto2)
Shigeru Itoh2)
1)Kumamoto University
2)Shock Condensed Matter Research Center Kumamoto University
Shock wave and condensed matter research centerShock wave and condensed matter research center
Explosive welding of aluminum plates
with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
Contents
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Background and Purpose
Experiment
Numerical simulation
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
Conclusion
Experiment
Numerical simulation
Conclusion
Future works
Background and Purpose
Background
Many automobile component parts are made from aluminum alloy.
Purpose of this study
Investigation of adding hard materials to increase the properties of aluminum using two proposed methods – experimental and numerical study
Heat release and wear resistant materials are required for some automobile components.
water
Steel
PMMA
Explosive Electric Detonator
DSample
water
Steel
PMMA
Explosive Electric Detonator
DSample
Base plate
Flyer plate
Diamond powder
Water proof seal 0.5mm thickness
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
(detonation velocity:7km/s, density: 1310kg/m3)Explosive: SEP 5mm thickness
Aluminum flyer and base plate (JIS: A-1050, 50x50x1.5mm)Diamond powder (10-20μm)
Experimental method
Flyer plate surface
Base plate
Air Diamond powder0.5mm
Shock wave
Flyer plateFlyer plate surface
Base plate
Air Diamond powder0.5mm
Shock wave
Flyer plate diamond powderPenetrated
Flyer plate surface
Base plate
Flyer plate
diamond powderPenetrated
Flyer plate surface
Base plate
Flyer plate
Flyer plate
Base plate
diamond powderPenetrated
separate
Flyer plate
Base plate
diamond powderPenetrated
separate
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Production of composite material in this study
1 2
3
Cross sectional optical micrograph of the sample
50mm
1.5mm
Top view of recovered flyer plate (D=30mm)
50μm
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Results
JWL parameter for explosive SEPJWL parameter for explosive SEP
JWL(Jones-Wilkins-Lee) equation of state for SEP explosive JWL(Jones-Wilkins-Lee) equation of state for SEP explosive
Explosive: SEPExplosive: SEPprovided by Asahi Kasei corp.provided by Asahi Kasei corp.detonation velocity: 6970(m/s)detonation velocity: 6970(m/s)detonation pressure: 15.9(GPa) detonation pressure: 15.9(GPa)
0.281.104.302.31365
wR2R1B(GPa)A(GPa)
VE
)VRexp(VR
1B)VRexp(VR
1AP2
21
1
*
V= r V= r 00(initial density of an (initial density of an explosive explosive )/r (density of a )/r (density of a detonation gas)detonation gas)
P*: PressureP*: Pressure E : specific E : specific internal energyinternal energyA,B,RA,B,R 11 ,R,R 22 ,w : JWL Parameter,w : JWL Parameter
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Pressure calculation for explosive
Detonation condition was decided by the reaction rate of explosives.(=W)A reaction rate W was calculated by the following formula:
VV00 :: Initial specific volume Initial specific volume
VVCJCJ :: Specific volume of C-J stateSpecific volume of C-J state
P*: Pressure calculated from JWL EOS
The Pressure P inside the grating of explosives is calculated from the following formula:
cjVV
VVW
0
01
*P)W1(P
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Burn technique of explosive / CJ volume burn method
Material constants
Mie-Grümeisen equation of state for water and aluminum
e2
1)s1(
cP 00
02
200
P: pressuree : internal energyr0: initial densityr: density /1
0
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Pressure calculation for water and aluminum
ρ(kg/m3) C0 (m/s) S Τ0water 1000 1490 1.79 1.65
aluminum 2710 1340 1.34 2
0 0
Flyer plate
Water
Explosive PMMA
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Investigation of flyer velocity
30mm
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Distance (mm)
Vel
ocit
y (m
/s)
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Relation between acceleration distance and flyer velocity
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Simplified simulation of shock powder penetration
Shock penetration of diamond powder into aluminum plate
Conclusion
It was realized that it is possible to make a aluminum based composite material by this method.
From the numerical simulation, we could see that the particles are pushed by the particle which exists in a lower position.
Problem
This method is inapplicable to hard materials like stainless steel.
Only few particles penetrated, while others remain between the plates.
Base plate
Flyer plate
Flyer plate
Wire mesh
Cover plate
WC powder Wire mesh
0.17mm
Cover plate Flyer plate Wire mesh Base plate PowderMaterial JIS:SUS304 JIS:A-1050 JIS:A-1050 JIS:A-1050 WC
Size 80x60x0.1mm 80x60x0.1mm 100 mesh 80x60x10mm 75-100μm
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
Sample constitution
Explosive
Electric detonator
Sample
Anvil
PMMA
Water
D Explosive
Electric detonator
Sample
Anvil
PMMA
Water
D
1 10 2 2.7 0.5×22 20 2 1.85 0.5×23 30 2 1.4 0.5×24 30 1 0.95 0.5
Powder weight (g)No. D (mm) StratumCalculated
load pressure (GPa)
Experimental conditions
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
Experimental method and conditions
No.1 (D=10mm) No.2 (D=20mm)
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
100μm 100μm
Optical micrograph of recovered samples (When the distance, D is varied)
No.3 (two layer,D=30mm) No.4 (single layer ,D=30mm)
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
100μm 100μm
Optical micrograph of recovered samples
(When the layer is varied)
No.1 (D=10mm)
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
20μm
Magnified optical micrograph showing the crushed WC particles and aluminum
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
SEM image of fracture surface
Water
Explosive PMMA
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
10mm
10mm
10mm
10mm
Measurement points
Investigation of pressure history
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 10 20 30 40 50
Time (μs)
Pre
ssur
e (G
Pa) 10mm
20mm
30mm
40mm
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
Numerically obtained results - pressure vs time
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
10mm
SUS plate (0.1mmthickness) + aluminum plate (0.1mm thickness)
Investigation of flyer velocity at 10mm
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Distance (mm)
Vel
ocit
y (m
/s)
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
Relation between acceleration distance and flyer velocity
Flyer plate
Base plate
Mesh wire
WC particle
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
Simplified simulation and cross sectional view after etching
Conclusion
Particles were crushed by collision of particles. Some traces of particle pull out was observed.
Explosive welding of aluminum plates with aluminum wire mesh and WC powder
There is a possibility of explosive welding between plates and mesh.
Good samples were recovered using this technique.
Future works
For the purpose of improvement of thermal conductivity of aluminum, Large sized diamond particles and aluminum wire mesh will be applied for making a Al-based composite material.
Thank you for your kind attention