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BRAZILIAN FOREST SECTORCOMMITTED TO CERTIFICATION
OPPORTUNITIES AND WAYS FORWARD
Elizabeth de Carvalhaes
PEFC WeekNovember 15th, 2013
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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LAND USE IN BRAZIL
95.8
71
1607
93,9
423.3
Brazil - 851 mi ha
Cities and Infrastructure
Agriculture / Food Production
Cattle Ranching
Forest Plantations
Natural Forests in private properties
Natural forests in non-private areas
2
61% of the Terriotory- Preserved land
1% - Forest Plantations
Source: MAPA/CNA/Bracelpa (2011)
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FOREST PLANTATIONS SECTOR
rea plantada por empresas (ha)
GEOPRAPHICDISTRIBUTION OS THE
MAIN PLANTATION
CLUSTERS
500 to 20 000
20 000 to 50 000
50 000 to 100 000
> 100 000
Production revenue (Gross): USD 27,6 billionTax collection: USD 3.75 billion (0,5% of taxes
collected nationally)
Exports: USD 7,97 billion* (3,1% of Brazils
exports)
Trade balance: USD 5,5 billion* (28,1% of Brazils
trade balance)
Jobs generated: 4.4 million (5% of the
economically active population)
*Considering 1 USD = BRL 2,03Source: ABRAF, 2013
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DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTATIONS (2012-2013)
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SUPPLY FOR IMPORTANT INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
Seeds and Seedlings
Fertilizers
Agrochemicals
Machines andEquipment
PLANTATIONS-BASED
PRODUCTS
TimberProducts
Non-TimberProducts
Chemical Industry
PharmaceuticalAutomobilistFood, Etc
Rubber
NaturalGums
Waxes
Tanningfibers
Aromatics,Medicinesand Dyes
Others
Energy
Charcoal
Sawn wood
Others
Steel Mills
Forge Craft
Domesticconsumption
IndustrialConsumption
Domesticconsumption
Pulp
Solid WoodProducts
ProcessedWood
Wood
Residues
Paper Industry
Other Uses
Immune Wood
Sawn Wood
Reconstituted woodPanels
Chipboard/ Veneer
Diverse uses
MDF
MDP
Fiberboard
OSB
Furniture
Industry
IntegratedPlants
Pig Iron
Alloys Iron
I n t e r n a l a n
d E x t e r n a l M
a r k e t s
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RANKING MAIN PULP AND PAPER PRODUCERS (2013
1,000 tons 1,000 tons1. USA 50,351 1. China 102,500
2. China 18,198 2. USA 74,375
3. Canada 17,073 3. Japan 26,083
4. Brazil * 13,977 4. Germany 22,630
5. Sweden 11,672 5. Sweden 11,417
6. Finland 10,237 6. South Korea 11,333
7. Japan 8,642 7. Canada 10,751
8. Russia 7,519 8. Finland 10,694
9. Indonesia 6,710 9. Brazil 10,260
10. Chile 5,155 10. Indonesia 10,247
11. India 4,095 11. India 10,242
12. Germany 2,636 12. Italy 8,664 Other 10,376 Other 90,789
TOTAL WORLD 166,641 TOTAL WORLD 399,985
Source: RISI
* Source: Bracelpa
Country CountryPULP PAPER
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WHAT SHOULD HAPPEN NEXT? Growth of the Brazilian GDP per Capita
Forecast
Source: IMF ; WRI
Worldwide increase in paper consumption: 1.5% per year (2000-2030) Worldwide increase in paper consumption per capita: 1.2% (2000-2030 )
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
U S D 4.6% per year
(2000-2030)
Year Infrastructure Investment (BRL bi)
2003 55
2005 74
2008 106
2014 160 (forecast)
77
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GROWTH PERSPECTIVE FOR CUNSUMPTION OF PAPERAND BOARDS (2011 2025)
8
Source: Poyry 2013Main BHKP end-uses short fibersMain BSKP end-uses Long fibers
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LONG TERM GROWTH ON MARKET PULP CONSUMPTION(2011-2025)
9Source: Poyry 2013
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ALMOST 70% OF THE MARKET PULP CONSUMED WILLCOME FROM EUCALYPTUS
10Source: Poyry 2013
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GLOBAL WOOD PULP FLOWASIA FOCUS
Source: Living Forests Report WWF: Chapter 4
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Pulp demand growing
Paper produced away from wood supply
P&P CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
Source: Living Forests Report WWF: Chapter 4
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COMMITTED TO SUSTAINABILITY
3,9 million hectares of certified forest plantations:Mitigate pressure over natural forests
Do not compete with agricultureContribute to restore degraded land
Mix of native and planted through mosaics
Soil, water and biodiversity conservation
Eco-efficiency
4,4 mi ha: charcoal,energy, sawnwood
PLANTATIONS INBRAZIL
6,7 million haof forestplantations
4.3 mi ha preserved areas:(ecological corridors, protected
areas surrounding waterstreams)
2,3 mi ha: pulpand paper
sector
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FSC and Cerflor**Cerflor*FSC
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7.2 million hectares certified FSC (3.9 planted florests)
1.3 million hectares certified Cerflor/PEFC
COMMITTED TO CERTIFICATION
FSC and CERFLORArauco FlorestalArcelormittalAdamiCelulose IraniCenibraCMPCDuratexEldoradoEucatexFibriaIbemaInternational PaperKlabin
Lwarcel
MasisaMelhoramentos FlorestalNorskeOrsa FlorestalPlantarRigesa
Stora EnsoSuzanoTrombiniVeracel
*Forest Stewardship Council
**Programa Brasileiro deCertificao Florestal
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Increasing consumer awareness (social and environmentally friendly products)
Procurement policies
Public (green buildings, editorial materials)
Private
Retailers, manufacturers, publishers, banks
Corporate image (marketing)
Risk management
Added Value
MOTIVATION TO GETTING CERTIFIEDMARKET DRIVEN INITIATIVE
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GENERATES HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF JOBS
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Industry ForestryINDIRECTDIRECT
Industrial SegmentPlanted Forest Sector
Direct Indirect Income Effect Total
Forestry 139,614 596,194 365,143 1073,951
Charcoal Metallurgy 14,956 157,036 575,797 747,789
Wood Products 196,526 147,395 270,224 614,145
Furniture 113,418 85,064 155,950 354,431Pulp and Paper 156,998 361,073 1051,821 1569,883
Total 621,502 1.319,792 2.418,935 4.360,109Source: ABRAF (2013)
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050
100150200250
300350400450500
2004 2005 2006 20072008 2009 2010 2011
Forest Outgrower Schemes
current 17% of planted area 12,8 thousand benefited families
Source: ABRAF/Bracelpa 17
0,43 million hectares in Brazil
TARGET25-30% in
2017
SMALL HOLDERS
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Outgrowers
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Complements wood supply
Reduce needs for land acquisition
Generate income
Contribute to environmental protection(good practices)
Creates jobs e promotes rural development
Develops local economies (communities)
Can stimulate smallholder certification
MARKET THAT IS GROWINGCOMPANIES SUPPORT CERTIFICTAION OF SMALL HOLDERS
NEED FOR SUPPORT FROM THE SYSTEM
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SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
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Conflictingrelationships Partnership
relationships
Corporate SocialResponsibility
Shared Value
Distributinggenerated value Creating social
Value
Corporate imageConflict management
ECONOMIC VALUE
EngagementRural development
SOCIAL VALUE
New paradigm for the productive sector
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2020
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Community engagementIndigenous communityEsprito Santo
Rural Territory DevelopmentProgramme (PDRT) ,Bahia
Engagement with the landlessmovement- agroforestryproject
Partnership with communitary nursery
Innovation in values
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Source: EuropeanAssociation forBioindustries, 2012
POPULATION GROWTHWILL REQUIRE MORE FOOD/FUEL/ TIMBER AND FIBERS
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PERSPECTIVES WOOD BASED PRODUCTS
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Source: WWF: Living Forest Report
PRODUCEMORE WITH
LESS
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POTENTIAL USES OF FIBERS
2323
Source: Adapted from CEPI/ Poyry
Industrial Transportation Textiles
Communication
Health and Hygiene
Recreation
Safe Food Supply
Environment
Housing
Corrosion inhibitors Dust control Specialty lubricants Seals Emissions abatement
Transportation packaging Fuels Oxygenates Anti -freeze Car seats Belts Bumpers Corrosion i nhibitors
Food packaging Preservatives Fertil izers Pesticides Beverage bottles Appliances Beverage can coating Vitamins
Water chemicals Flocculants Chelators Cleaners & Detergents
Paints Resins Insulation Cements Coating Varnishes Flame retardants Adhesives Carpeting
Footgear Protective equipment Cameraand fi lm Bicycle parts and types Wet suits Tapes/CDs/DVDs Gold equipment Camping gear Boats
Tissue Cosmetics Detergents Pharmaceuti cals Suntan lotion Medical -dentalproducts Disinfectants Aspirin
Paper products Molded plastics
Computer casings Liquid crystal displays Pens Pencils Inks Dyes
Carpets Fibers Fabrics Coatings Foam cushions Drapes Lycra Spandex
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MULTIPLE USES OF FORESTSDISTINCT PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
PULP AND PAPER
SAWN WOOD
PANNELS
PHARMACEUTICAL
FOOD
OILS AND RESINS
WATER BALANCE
NUTRIENT CYCLING
CARBON SINK
SOIL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES
RESEARCH
RECREATION
ECOTURISM
CULTURAL SERVICES
ENERGY
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Promotes
TIMBER PRODUCTS
NON-TIMBERPRODUCTS
E N V I R O N E M N T A LB E N E F I T S
SOCIAL INCLUSION
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14 mlion(2010)
22 million
ton (2025 )
PERSPECTIVES FOR THE PLANTATIONS SECTOR
PULP
10 million
ton (2010)
13 million(2025)
PAPER
PANELS
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Develop a model to expand the forest
base, considering the assumption ofsustainbale use of land: Multiple use of forests Increase of outgrowers areas Integrating production and conservation
9 millionton (2010)
14 millionton (2025)
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2010 2025
EXPANSION LEAD BY INVESTMENTS OF THE P&P INDUSTRY OPPORTUNITY TO INCREASE CERTIFICATION
FOREST PLANTATIONAREA
7 million hectares 14 million hectares13 million native preserved (1/0.9)
Source: Bracelpa, ABIPA, STCP
INCREASE THE AREA
TO BE CERTIFIED
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COMPETITIVEINDUSTRY
COMMITTED WITHSUSTAINABILITY ASPECTS
REPUTATION ANDCORPORATIVE VALUE
M a r
k e t
C i v i
l s o c i e t y
W o r
k e r s
Innovation andtechnology Products and ProcessesValues
VALUE
FUTURE WE WANTBEYOND WHAT WE ALREADY ARE.. WITHIN THE BIOECONOMY CONTEXT...
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INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY Products and process
Biotechnology and nanotechnology (more than 5 thousand products)
New products and multiple use from forest fibers
Innovation in operationsInnovation in production
Softwares
WAYS FORWARD
HOW WILL PEFC COPE?
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System has to evolveMaintain credibility
Broaden the scope vs. focus?
New markets and trendsNew products and services
Advanced technologies (nanotec)Biotechnology (GMOs)
Intensification of operationsLarger scales
Scientific Development
ALIGNED
WAYS FORWARD CHALLANGES FOR PEFC
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Structure andsome associates
NEW ASSOCIATION Forest Plantations
Industry
Pulp Paper Wood Panel Energeticforests Timos
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3232
250 million additional hectares of forest plantations will need to be establish by 2050 to
supply for the global demand ( Living Forests - WWF, 2012)
Forest plantations can either be good or bad depending upon its managementBrazil is a relevant player on this industry and strongly committed to good management certification a
tool for that
Communicationand Institutional
Relations
NEW ASSOCIATION FOUS AND OBJECTIVES Main focusStrategic/ institutional Increase competitiveness
SUSTAINABILITYSocioenvironmental responsibility
Climate change
INFRASTRUCTURETransport
EnergyValue chain
REGULATORY BASISAgenda with Congress, Parliament and justice Forestry, Environmental, Labour
and Tax regulations
MARKETAccess to the international market and
increase of domestic demand
Promoting of products
CommitmentDinamismInnovation
OUR GOALS
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PARADIGM CHANGE- TREND
A leader should not only be concerned about the life of his businessitself, but also with what values his business will add to peoples lives.
Going with this logic, profit will come naturally
Joey Reiman CEO da BrightHouseAuthor of The path of creating a brighter brand
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Thank you!
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August 2013
Innovation in the field,
fromPromise to Practice
Presentation by Mike May
PEFC Stakeholder Dialogue .Malaysia 2013
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The great question of the 21st century
Will naturalresourcesbecome bindingconstraints
fordevelopment?
Source: Sten Nilsson
N t l it l d th ld
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Natural capital and the world economyResource use efficiency is a must
World Economy
Production Consumption
With a limited sustainablethroughput of resources, long-term economic growth requiresenhanced resource use efficiency
Global Ecosystem
Natural
capitalprovidesmaterialinputs
and
absorbswasteoutputs
Sustainable consumption and production
governance
Th g t ti f th 21 t t
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The great question of the 21st centuryrephrased
Will natural resources become binding constraints fordevelopment?
Are we prepared, as individuals, societies and nations tomake the transition to a green economy?
Do we have the innovation, skills and technology toradically alter resource use efficiency ?
How will nations unite to share knowledge andmainstream innovation policy into the global politicalagenda?
Rio +20
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Rio +20Forests dialogue recommendations
1. Restore 150 million hectares of deforested and degraded lands by 2020.2. Promote science, technology, innovation and traditional knowledge in order to
face forests main challenge: how to turn them productive without destroyingthem.
3. Zero Net Deforestation by 2020, respecting the rights and knowledge of peoplesliving in and from the forests and responding to their sustainable developmentneeds.
Mutually reinforcing priorities:
Our Business
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Our Business
FuturaGeneBiotechnology China
Shanghai, China
FuturaGene Inc.Indiana USA
FuturaGene Israel Ltd.Rehovot, Israel
FuturaGene Brazil Ltd.Itapetininga, Brazil
FuturaGene Group Structure
440k Ha of proprietary forests
2nd largest eucalyptus pulp producer in the
world (8 th largest market pulp producer)
Leader in the South American paper market
Market cap: US $3.8 billion (July 2013)
Prof. Marc Van MontaguProf. Oded Shoseyov
Mr. Shinitiro Oda
Dr. Alan Gould
Scientific Advisors
Resource use efficiancy
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Black liquor Fuel oil Firewood Natural gas
Source: Brazilian National Energy Balance, BRACELPA
1970
1985
1995
2008
ENERGY MATRIX OF THE BRAZILIAN PULP & PAPER INDUSTRY
20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Resource use efficiancyEnergy consumption
2 million hectares f l t d l t d i i B il
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2 million hectares of planted eucalyptus and pine in Brazilused for paper and pulp production that absorbs 64 millionmetric tons of CO2 from the atmosphere every year.
years7 14 21 28 35
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
CO2ton/ha
Eucalyptus CO2 absorption rate
Eucalyptus cycle in Brazil: 7 years
Brazil(5 cycles)
Chile(3 cycles)
USA(2.7 cycles)
Sweden (1 cycle)Finland (1 cycle)
Source: Pyry/Brazilian Foundation for Sustainable development
Yield enhanced eucalyptus
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2,4 m 1,3 m
TR-16 Control - WT
3 months
Field trials Brazil Yield enhanced eucalyptus
FuturaGene Brazil
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FuturaGene BrazilPrototyping and Regulatory Capabilities
Event selection trial(6 years)
2nd Gen. transgenic trial(18 months)
Multi-purpose regulatory trial(17 months)
Event selection trial(6 years)
New event selection trial~ 100 events(initiation)
FuturaGene Brazil
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FuturaGene BrazilEvent selection trial: 6 years old
ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT
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INFORMATION RELATED TO THEGMO
Genes, expressed characteristics,Genetic inheritance patterns ofinserted genes;
Complete information about theGMO construction techniques,Genetic modification methods
used
Genetic changes introduced inthe GMO that may affect itsability to reproduce, survive,disseminate or transfer insertedgenes to other organisms
Area of natural occurrence of theGMO parental organism, its ancestorsand wild relatives
History of cultivation and use of theparental organism in terms of safety to theenvironment.
Possible introgressive hybridizationwith sexually compatible species andon possible selective advantage of thetransgene;
Possible effects in relevant indicatororganisms (symbionts, predators,pollinators, GMO parasites or competitors)
Dispersion ability of GMO propagationand reproductive structures beyond
cultivation areas, its dispersionmechanisms in air, water and soil;plant pollen viability, potentialpollinating agents
Possible formation of long termreproductive structures in the parentalorganism;
Effects resulting from horizontaltransference to soil microbiota
Negative and positive effects to target andnon-target organismsFrequency of crossing of the GMO
parental organism, within the same
species and with sexually compatiblespecies, listing the species assessed,techniques used and resulting effects
Changes in the plants ability to add orremove substances from the soil as a resultof the introduction of new traits; possiblephysical and chemical changes to the soiland contamination of adjacent bodies ofwater
Possible changes in biodegradabilityof the genetically modified plant,compared with the parental genotype
Changes in the GMO ability to survive in environments different from the ones occupied byits parental organism
Risk:Brazil Normative #5
Essential criteria for innovation
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Essential criteria for innovationThe sustainable technology toolbox
Essential criteria of new technologies for plantation forestry:
Precise, stable and consistent Minimisation of indirect or negative effects Replicable and scaleable Pro-poor Compatible with conventional breeding and forest management
practices Minimal administrative burden Part of the overall water-energy-food nexus Compatible with land use challenges Contributes significantly to avoided deforestation
Context of the debate
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Context of the debatePublic acceptability criteria for GM Trees
FACT-BASED PERCEPTION-BASED
UTILITY
Applications Traits Species
RISK
Criteria forassessment
Transparency
DECENT USE
ABS Ownership FPIC Public sector R&D
Legend:ABS: Access & Benefit Sharing
FPIC: Free Prior & Informed Consent
If modernbiotechnology is to stand
a chance, three main
conditions for publicacceptance must be met:utility, low risk, and an
assurance thatbiotechnology is used in
a decent way
(GAMBORG AND SANDE FAO, 2010)
GM technology an introduction
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GM technology an introductionBiotechnology and Agenda 21
Ch. 16: Environmentally sound management of biotechnology
Preamble: Modern biotechnology is a set of techniques forbringing about specific changes in DNA in organisms.
By itself, biotechnology cannot resolve all the fundamentalproblems of environment and development, but itpromises to make a significant contribution in enabling thedevelopment of, for example, better health care, enhanced
food security through sustainable agricultural practices,
improved supplies of potable water, more efficientindustrial development processes for transforming rawmaterials, support for sustainable methods of afforestationand reforestation , and detoxification of hazardous wastes.
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Decent Use - equity
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Decent Use equityGermplasm control: Agriculture versus Forestry
Field Crop Biotechnology Private sector composed of agro-chemical companies that acquired seed and
biotechnology companies; Major crop germplasm owned by very limited group of multinationals ; Intensive breeding over many years - genetic diversity of many crops is low, tight
control on seed; Trait development tightly linked to chemical business.
Forest Sector Biotechnology Forest sector is highly fragmented, as is germplasm ownership; Diverse range of geographies & outputs dictate diversity of germplasm: bio-economy
will reinforce this trend; Many forest companies rely on contract growers social farming germplasm
benefits dissipated - potential for impact in rural development is high; Crop is perennial and long term, strong incentive to integrate environmental and
social sustainability into business models. Degraded land is used for planting, soil quality requirements are lower than for food
crops.
Tree biotechnology
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Tree biotechnology
Source: Suzano Pulp & Paper, Bracelpa
Sustainable intensification
Tree biotechnology
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Part of the Solution not the ProblemTree biotechnology
Higher yieldincreases outputand lowers
industrial footprint
Higher yield lowersdemand on natural
forests
Feedstockadaptation for
diversifiedofftakes lowers
processing needs
Genetic technologyprotects forests
Biotic & Abioticstress resistance
Increased demandfor increasing
human population
Decreasedpressure on natural
forest
Reduced chemicalload
Climate adaptation
KeySustainability
Indices
Yield enhancement
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Yield enhancementSocial and environmental impact
Plantation Mill/refinery Spared land
Conventional treevarieties
Yield enhancedvarieties
Utility of biotech
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Protecting against the next catastrophe
First recorded in the Mediterranean regionin 2000.
Severe injury to young foliage by inducing galls onrapidly growing shoots.
Massive attacks can arrest tree growth
Mendel, (ISR) Australian Journal of Entomology, 2004, 43: 101 13.1FAO International Technical Conference, Agricultural biotechnologies in developingcountries Guadalajara, Mexico, 1 4 March 2010.
200020022001
2007
y
55
Gall Wasp - Leptocybe invasa
5% of forest is plantation; almost 50% of industrial wood 1
Utility of biotech
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GM-mediated Gall wasp controlUtility of biotech
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Susceptible Targeted GM-mediated Resistance
The future of tree biotechnology
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gyThe bioeconomy
Pulp & paper Lumber
Planted Forest
Biorefinery
2nd
Generationbiofuels
GreenChemicals
$62B
Alcohol
$62B
Wood fiberCompounds
$35B
CarbonFiber
$19B
Glass FiberProducts
$8B
Bio Plastics& Resins
$4B
PlatformChemicals
$4B
Wood Wood chips Wood pellets
Cellulosic ethanol
FUTURE
High valueproducts
TraditionalProducts Bio energy
The future social impact
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pCurrent and future plantation governance models
Today In the future
Wood sourced from own plantations
Wood supplied by partners or contract farmers
Wood for new bioproduct industries
Development
If you can produce more from less,small-holders become stakeholders inthe bioeconomy
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Source: MAPA, 2010 Photos by Votorantin Metais
New Frontiers in Conservation Agriculture in Brazil
Intensification of land use with integrated crop-livestock-forest systemsSupported by Brazils low carbon emission program for agriculture
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Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems
AfricanBrachiaria grass + N-fixinglegume forage(s)
Cross bred, heattolerant
Holstein x Zebucattle
Perennial crop (coconut, palm oil, eucalyptus, fruits, etc)
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Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems
Source: Embrapa Cerrados
Conclusions
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Our vision for the green growth agenda
The defining characteristics of our world today are the intensity of
interconnections and the speed of change; Green growth implementation will be driven by novel partnerships that combine
the convening power and outreach of inter- and non-governmental organisationswith the innovative power of science and technology and the deployment skillsof private sector business;
Novel partnerships established would provide new thought leadership aroundkey goals and technology platforms and how to implement them; Innovation, collaboration and governance will be the new pillars of sustainability.
Novel ImplementationPartnerships
Sustainable forests
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The new three pillars
Source : EMBRAPA
COLLABORATION
INNOVATIONGOVERNANCE
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GM trees
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The principle of the precautionary approach
Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. In order to protect the environment,the precautionary approach shall be widely applied by States according to their capabilities. Where there arethreats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason forpostponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
European directive on risk assessment (2000) 1:Where action is deemed necessary, measures based on the precautionary principle should be, inter alia: proportional to the chosen level of protection, non-discriminatory in their application consistent with similar measures already taken, based on the examination of the potential benefits and costs of action subject to review, in the light of new scientific data, capable of assigning responsibility for producing the scientific evidence necessary for a more
comprehensive risk assessment .
Pontifical Academy of Sciences: (Transgenic Plants for Food Security in the Context of Development, May2009) Prudence needs precaution, but the principal component of prudence is not precaution but prediction.
1 http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-4.html
Risk
http://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-4.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-4.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-4.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-4.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-4.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-4.htmlhttp://www.gdrc.org/u-gov/precaution-4.html -
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Frequently cited objections to GM trees 1
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Reduced diversity: Plantations using one or few transgenic clones will contain less landscape-level diversity than is currently foundin plantations using species or varieties resulting from traditional tree-breeding.
Asexual transfer of genes from GMOs with antibiotic resistance to pathogenic microorganisms, and/or suppression of mycorrhizaeand other micro-organisms, arising from use of GMOs with antibiotic resistance.
Spread of herbicide resistance gene in sexual progeny to trees in environments where those trees are undesirable and where thetarget herbicide is used, and/or increased weed resistance to target herbicide, and/or increased use of target herbicide arising fromuse of GMOs with herbicide resistance .
Increased resistance of target insect pests, and/ deleterious effects on natural enemies of the target insects, and/or deleteriouseffects on non-target insects such as butterflies, pollinators and soil microbes, aris ing from use of GMOs with insect resis tance.
Changes to structural integrity , adaptation and pest resis tance of trees, rate of decay of dead wood, and soil s tructure, biology orfertility, arising from use of GMOs with modified lignin chemistry.
Dispersal of transgene to wild or weed populations , with potentially negative impacts, from non-sterile GMO trees, or from thosewith incomplete or unstable sterility.
Restricted or monopolistic access to advantages, arising from high costs or limited availability of GMO trees .
Reduced biodiversity of organisms dependent on flowers and fruits, arising from use of sterile GMOs.
Reduced adaptability to environmental stress, changes to interaction with other organisms, and increased weediness orinvasiveness, in GMO trees with new features.
1)UNEP (2007) The Potential Environmental, Cultural and Socio-Economic Impacts of Genetically Modified Trees (Convention on Biological Diversity) Available at:
http://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/sbstta/sbstta-13/information/sbstta-13-inf-06-en.pdf.
NOT RELATED TO TRANSGENIC
EXOTIC PLANTATION SPECIES CAN ONLY BREED WITH THEM
NO SCIENTIFIC BASIS OR RECORD OF TRANS
PESTICIDE PROBLEM AVOIDED BY TARGETED GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES, EXACT OPPOSITE2
CONVENTIONAL BREEDING, SUCH TREES VOIDED IN FIELD
EXOTIC PLANTATION SPECIES CAN ONLY BREED WITH THEM
BUSINESS/DECENT USAGE ISSUE NOT A TECHNOLOGY ISSU
CONVENTIONAL HYBRID SEED IS NOT FERTILE/FLOWERS ARE STILL VISITE
SUCH ISSUES TESTED EXTENSIVELY IN FIELD T
2) Source: Nature. 2012 Jul 19;487(7407):362-5.
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Future Forests andPlantations
stakeholderperspectives
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MeadWestvaco Corporation - MWV
Multinational packaging company
A global leader in sustainable packaging solutions
Majority of packaging is fiber based
All fiber is responsibly sourced
Plantations provide over 60% of our fiber
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Stakeholder perspectives on
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Stakeholder perspectives onplantations
Public view is ambiguous planting one tree is good, planting 1 million trees
may raise concerns Growing awareness over need for global landplanning
What land should be used for food, fuel, forests,fiber?
Who has the final say in how land is allocated?
Plantations are a critical part of any strategy
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Solution will require:
A new value proposition for lands withconservation value (example: forests)
Consumptive waste reduction Efficient use of natural resources Applied technology improvements Equitable allocation of resources
Effective stakeholder engagement is critical
Examples of Organized Stakeholder
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Examples of Organized StakeholderEngagement
World Business Council for SustainableDevelopment (WBCSD)
a business NGO over 200 leading global companies Active forest sector engagement
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4 work streams
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4 work streams
Communications Initiative Awareness & Advocacy
Communications planningInfluence
Value ChainSustainable procurement
Value of fresh & recycled fiberEngaged with WRI, WWF, CGF
Forest ResourcesForest certification
The Forests DialogueThe role of productive forests
Carbon SystemCarbon benefits of forestsBiomass Carbon neutrality
Future of bio-resources for energy
Forest Solutions Groups Leadership Statement on the
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Forest Solutions Groups Leadership Statement on theValue and Future of Forest Certification
Endorsed and led by 26 globalcompanies along the forest productsvalue chain responsible for nearly40% of annual global forest, paper
and packaging sales, the W BCSDForest Solutions Group seeks toensure that the supply ofindependently-verified sustainablewood and other forest productscontinues to increase to meetgrowing demand.
Inclusive PEFC, SFI and FSC
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The Forests Dialogue
Established in 2000 byNGO and Business Leaders
Purpose
Reduce conflict amongstakeholders in the forest sector
Provide an international platform and
process to discuss key SFM and conservation issues Build mutual trust, Achieve an enhanced understanding and commitment to
change
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Priority SFM Issues REDD+ Benefit Sharing Food, Fuel, Fiber and Forests
Genetically Modified Trees Free, Prior, and Informed
Consent Investing in LocallyControlled Forestry
Forests and PovertyReduction, Rural Livelihoods
Intensively Managed PlantedForests
Illegal Logging and Forest Governance
Forests and Biodiversity
Conservation Forest Certification
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The Food Fuel Fiber and Forests
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The Food, Fuel, Fiber, and ForestsInitiative (4Fs)
Being developed by The Forests Dialogue Current partners:
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The 4FsChallenge
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The 4FsChallengePolicy Innovation to - Enable forestry and farming practices that
produce more with less land, water andpollution
Encourage new consumption patternsthat meet the needs of the poor whileeliminating waste and over-consumptionby the affluent
Reconcile competing claims for land andwater for different needs (e.g. food andenergy security, biodiversity conservation,carbon sequestration)
Ensure that Indigenous peoples can giveor withhold their free, prior and informedconsent to activities affecting their landand resources
Encourage local economies that are greenand inclusive
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GM Trees
Highly charged issuesome opinions include: Unacceptable global risk Precautionary principles should be applied
Responsible use principles can be applied GM technology cannot be overlooked as an option for
addressing the 4 F issue
Two scoping dialogues have taken place Information exchange in the UK
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For more informationregarding The ForestsDialogue:
www.tfd.yale.edu