Silver-halide “AgX”Silver-halide “AgX”

AgI silver iodide

AgBr silver bromide

AgCl silver chloride

AgX ‘emulsion’AgX ‘emulsion’

gelatin binder

AgX crystals

Monochrome Negative MaterialsMonochrome Negative Materials

Support base

silver halide layer

Latent Image FormationLatent Image Formation

h

Latent Image FormationLatent Image Formation

h

Ag atom clusters0

ExposureExposure

Support base

silver halide layer

Original

Photographic DevelopmentPhotographic Development

selective development; selective development; reduce exposed AgX reduce exposed AgX Ag° Ag°

Support base

Photographic DevelopmentPhotographic Development

Support base

ExposureExposure AgAg++ + h + hνν Ag Ag00

Selective Selective DevelopmentDevelopment

AgAg++ + DA + DA-- Ag Ag00 expexp

Photographic DevelopmentPhotographic Development

Support base

Support base

DevelopmentDevelopment

AgAg++ + DA + DA-- Ag Ag00

FixerFixerdissolves dissolves AgAg++

Photographic Development - Photographic Development - negativenegative

ExposureExposure

DevelopmentDevelopment

FixerFixer

Photographic Development – Photographic Development – ‘print’‘print’

ExposureExposure

DevelopmentDevelopment

FixerFixer

Support base

Color Coupler Development Color Coupler Development ((e.g.,e.g., Yellow)Yellow)

Support base

ExposureExposure

CColor olor CCoupler oupler DevelopmentDevelopment

AgAg++ + DA + DA-- Ag Ag00 + + DADA00

DADA0 0 + CC + CC Color Dye Color Dye

cc cc cc cc cc cc cc

cc cc cccc cc

cc

Support base

Support baseBleachBleach

Support baseFixerFixer

Color Coupler DevelopmentColor Coupler DevelopmentCColor olor CCoupler oupler DevelopmentDevelopment

AgAg++ + DA + DA-- Ag Ag00 + + DADA00

DADA0 0 + CC + CC Color DyeColor Dye

““Panchromatic” Negative MaterialsPanchromatic” Negative Materials

wavelength, nm

400 500 600 700

rela

tive

sen

siti

vity

Spectral sensitivity of AgX film with spectral sensitizers Spectral sensitivity of AgX film with spectral sensitizers

Color Negative MaterialsColor Negative Materials

wavelength, nm

400 500 600 700

rela

tive

sen

siti

vity

Blue(B)

“Green”(G + B)

“Red”(R + B)

Three Three monochromemonochrome layers with different spectral sensitivities layers with different spectral sensitivities

Color Negative MaterialsColor Negative Materials

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : BLUEBLUE ExposureExposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : BLUEBLUE DevelopmentDevelopment

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : BLUEBLUE BleachBleach

Color NegativeColor Negative: : BLUEBLUE FixFix

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color Negative MaterialsColor Negative Materials

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : GREEN ExposureGREEN Exposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : GREEN ExposureGREEN Exposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : GREEN DevelopmentGREEN Development

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : GREEN BleachGREEN Bleach

Color Negative: GREEN FixColor Negative: GREEN Fix

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color Negative:Color Negative: Red ExposureRed Exposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : Red ExposureRed Exposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : Red DevelopmentRed Development

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : Red BleachRed Bleach

Color NegativeColor Negative: : Red FixRed Fix

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Exposure Exposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Exposure Exposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Development Development

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Bleach Bleach

Color NegativeColor Negative: : RRGGBB Fix Fix

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Exposure Exposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Exposure Exposure

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Development Development

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer

Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Bleach Bleach

Color PrintColor Print: : YYMMCC Fix Fix

Support base

red (& blue) sensitive layer

green (& blue) sensitive layer

blue sensitive layer

yellow filter layer