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Simon GambleManager Hybrid Off-Grid Solutions
Running a power grid with 100% renewables on King Island, Australia
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Context and Key Messages
• It is possible to operate a MW scale island power system at 100% RE penetrationo Despite myths around RE you can improve safety, reliability and security o Key is integration at all levels – policy, planning, design, control, operation
• However, to integrate renewable energy requires changes to system operationo utility must be involved : new paradigm = new capability requirements
• Attractive returns on investment are possibleo Primary aim should be to displace diesel fuel through higher RE penetrationo Technology has matured, demonstrations have mitigated risk
Invitation to visit King Island and see the system working2-day international workshop 18/19 November
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• Government Business Enterprise – owned by State• Australia’s largest clean energy producer
• Utility responsible for generation, distribution and retail in the Bass Strait islands
• Developer, owner and operator of leading hybrid off-grid systems• King Island was our test bed for solution
development – menu of integration options
• Leading consultant to aid agencies and utilities, including: Yap, Cook Islands, Rottnest Island, Coober Pedy, Thursday Island.
Hydro TasmaniaHybrid off-grid power systems capability
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King Island locationSource: Google Earth
King Island : largely agricultural land use with world class wind resource
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King Island power system18 year development path for renewable energy
Population approx. 1,600 2.5MW load 6MW diesel generation 450km of 11kV
• Expensive system - diesel fuel is 80% of cost - incentive to use RE• Adding RE is an integration challenge – RE displaces diesel generation• High RE requires enabling systems – communication; control; services• Requires holistic approach – policy, planning; phasing development
Diesel fuel costdominates
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1998 – First Wind FarmLow renewable energy penetration
“Low hanging fruit”Deliberately limited RE installedNo impact to operations
Simplified Solar PV example
15% reduction in diesel
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2.45MW wind (1.2MW min load) RE controlled (limited) protect dieselsSome RE is wasted (curtailed)
2004 – Wind Farm ExpansionMedium renewable energy penetration
Simplified Solar PV example
30% annual reduction in diesel
Note minimum diesel operation
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Enabling technology – Dynamic Resistor (Load bank) elements
• Resistive elements artificially increase the load: convert excess to heat• Load balance is maintained (dynamically by resistors) – not diesel generators• More RE is utilised – more diesel savings
2008 – First enabling technologyEnhanced medium renewable energy penetration
Counterintuitive : taking spilled energy & converting to a useful service
35% annual reduction in diesel
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• Absorb excess RE (increase the load)• Recover excess RE (power injected)• Applications
o Load balancingo reserveso power for security of supplyo energy shifting
2014 - Energy StorageAn enabling technology option for high RE penetration
Australia’s largest battery – 3MW / 1.5MWh King Island
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2014 – Advanced hybrid systemAbility to operate at 100% RE penetration
• Need to always operate diesel generation has been a key barrier to renewables
100% RE systems require:• Surplus RE capacity• Full automation – high speed
communication and control• Enabling systems – that replace all
services provided by diesels
King Island flywheel – supports system without diesel generationConsumes surplus renewable energy to operate
Also an instant start diesel generator to provide firm capacity
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2014 - Demand managementFurther optimise RE utilisation by altering demand to match available RE generation (another option)
• Aggregates controllable customer load to help balance demand / supply during high RE contribution and variation.
• Fast load shedding , smart EV charging, smart solar PV switching
• Monitoring customer load and providing data to customers via smart phone app.
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2015 - King Island SystemProven, robust, reliable MW class hybrid systemResult of planned, coordinated activity
Winner 2013 innovation award
> $24m in diesel savings (>$2m per annum) > 900 hrs of diesel off operation
65% diesel savings now possibleGood return on investmentCost of power reduced
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2015 – King Island System OperationExtended “diesel off” operation (100% RE)Combined performance of enabling systems
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King Island app & web siteReal time datawww.kingislandrenewableenergy.com.au
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2016 – Reduce cost of deploymentNew approach : Scalable modular enablers & control
Flinders Island Hybrid Energy Hub Project – under constructionAim is to further reduce time, cost, risk of deployments
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Further information:
Hybrid Off-Grid SolutionsSimon Gamble
“KIREIP” iPhone app
Thank you