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Skeletal System
Chapter 7
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Adult Skeleton (review)• How many bones?
• What of the 2 main divisions?
• What are the 4 main shapes?
• What are the 2 shapes not included in the first answer?
• Bone box: study tool
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Skeletal System• Axial
– Skull• Cranium• Facial bones
– Thoracic cage • Sternum• Ribs
– Vertebral column• Appendicular
– Upper limbs– Lower limbs– Pectoral girdle– Pelvic girdle
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Paranasal Sinuses
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Vertebral Column
• Cervical (7)– Atlas (yes) and axis (no)
• Thoracic (12)– Same as number of ribs
• Lumbar (5)• Sacrum (5 fused)• Coccyx (4 fused)
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Vertebrae Classification
Cervical (C1-C7)
Thoracic (T1-T12)
Lumbar (L1-L5)
Body small, ovalmedium, heart-shaped
large, kidney-shaped
Spinous process
short, projectsposteriorly,bifurcated
long, projectsinferiorly
short, projectsposteriorly
VertebralForamen large, triangular medium, circular small, triangular
Transverseprocess contain foramina facets for ribs thin and tapered
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Thoracic Cageand
Hyoid • Sternum
– Manubrium– Body– Xiphoid process
• Ribs– True (7)– False (5/3)– Floating (2)
• Hyoid*
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Pelvic Differences
Female Male
BoneThickness
Lighter, thinner, and smoother
Heavier, thicker, andmore markings
AcetabulaSmaller, farther
apart Larger, closer
Pubic Arch Rounded, >100˚ Narrower, <90˚
Sacrum Shorter, wider Longer, narrower
Ishcial Spine Further apart Closer together
Coccyx Straighter Curves ventrally
Pelvic Inlet Wider, ovalNarrower, heart
shaped
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Bones of the Hand
• Carpals (8)– Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can’t Handle
– scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
• Metacarpals (5)• Phalanges (14)
– Pollex – Proximal, middle, distal
23 4
51
Left hand; Anterior view
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• Tarsals (7)– Tiger cubs need milc– Talus, calcaneus, navicular, medial, intermediate, lateral cuneforms, cuboid
• Metatarsals (5)• Phalanges (14)
– Hallux – Proximal, middle, distal
23
45
1
Right foot; Superior view
Bones of the Foot
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• A human fetus has 275 bones
• Single bones in adult have not ossified and fused yet
• Fontanels• Pelvic girdle
Fetal Skeleton
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Need to Know for Lecture
• Names of bones (same as for lab)• Location/articulation of bones• Differences between vertebrae• Differences between male and female pelvis• Number of bones (where appropriate)