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Skeletal System Notes
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Your body has two organ
systems that work together to
provide support & help you move–
the skeletal system & the
muscular system.
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The skeletal system is made up of bones & cartilage that for the framework of your body.
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The muscular system includes the muscles that help you move & help things inside your body move.
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All humans have a stiff internal skeleton made of bone.
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The bones of your
body have five main
jobs–
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-to support the body & give it shape
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-to protect internal organs
-to work with the muscles to move
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-to store fat & other minerals (calcium & phosphorus)
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-to make blood cells (bone marrow)
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A human baby is born with 350 bones, but an adult human has 206 bones.
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Bones are made up of mostly calcium & phosphorus.
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Bones are very much alive & contain blood
vessels & nerve tissue.
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Cartilage is a strong flexible
connective tissue found at end of
bones where they act as a cushion.
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Cartilage has no blood cells so it
must absorb nutrients from
body fluids. (diffusion)
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Bones are attached to other bones
by connective tissues called
ligaments.
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A joint is the place where two bones come together & are joined by ligaments to allow bones to move in different ways.
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Two types of joints in
the body…
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Immovable joints allow little or no movement (skull & ribs)
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Movable joints that allow a
wide range of movement.
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Pivot joint•Bones rotate
around each other (allows side-to-
side motion)
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Examples…Neck
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Gliding joint•Bones slide
over each other (allows you to bend & flex)
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Examples…Wrist, ankle, Wrist, ankle, vertebrae (back)vertebrae (back)
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Hinge jointBack-and-forth motion (can only
move one direction…
unable to twist)
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Examples…Knee, elbow, Knee, elbow, fingers, toes, jawfingers, toes, jaw
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Ball & socket joint
Rotational or circular motion… greatest range
of motion
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Examples…Shoulder, hip
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The best way to keep your bone healthy are regular exercise & to eat a balanced diet with meats, beans, green leafy vegetables & dairy products.
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Osteoporosis is the condition where mineral loss causes bones to become weak & break easily.
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Arthritis is pain,
stiffness or swelling in the joints.
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Cranium
Pelvis