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Skeletal System
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Skeletal Functions
1. Provides shape and support.2. Enables us to move.3. Protects your internal organs.4. Produces blood cells.5. Stores minerals such as calcium
and phosphorous.
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Bone Formation and Growth
As a baby, most of your skeletal system is made up of cartilage.
Cartilage is broken down and replaced with calcium and phosphorous to make hard bone
Babies have over 300 bones Adults only have 206 bones because they fuse
together as you get older. Bones are continuously being formed and
reformed as they are worn down or broken.
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Bone Structure
Bones are lightweight yet very strong.
They can absorb more force than concrete, granite, or steel.
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Parts of a Bone
Outer membrane (periosteum)-where nerve and blood vessels enter and leave the bone
Compact bone- makes bones hard, strong, and flexible
Spongy bone- contains small spaces to make bones lightweight.
Marrow-produces blood cells and stores fat Cartilage- flexible connective tissue at the
ends of bones that help absorb shock and reduce friction.
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Spongy bone
marrow
compact bone
cartilage
periosteum
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Joints
Places where two bones meet. Held together by ligaments, which
are strong bands of connective tissues
Two types Immovable Movable
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Immovable
Allows little or no movement Ex: skull, pelvis
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Movable Joint
Allow wide range of movement Four types:
Hinge Pivot Ball and Socket Gliding
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Movable Joints
Hinge- back and forth motion(ex: knee, elbow)
Pivot-one bone rotates around another(ex: neck/head)
Gliding-one bone slides over another(ex: wrists, ankles)
Ball and Socket- circular motion(ex: hip, shoulder)
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Taking care of your bones
Well balanced diet of foods rich in calcium and phosphorous (dairy, meats, whole grains, and leafy green vegetables)
Exercise Stretching Wear protective gear (helmets, pads)
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis-condition in which bones become brittle and weak due to mineral loss (calcium)
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Arthritis
Means “joint inflammation” Cartilage between joints worn away
due to excessive use Often occurs in elderly and athletes
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Bone Injuries
Fractures Dislocation Sprains
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Diagnosing Bone Injuries
X-Rays Bones absorb x-
rays and reflect image onto photographic film
Used for bone injuries (breaks, dislocations)
Can damage cells Cannot see soft
tissue (muscle, organs)
MRI Magnetic energy
causes atoms in body to vibrate producing an image for the computer to analyze.
Used for bone and soft tissue injuries
Expensive
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Treating Bone Injuries
Cast Joint replacement Arthroscopy