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SKEMA SBP PAPER 2ESSAY PART C
NO. 9, 10
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BY USING SUITABLE EXAMPLES, STATE 2 APPLICATIONS OF
NEUTRALIZATION IN DAILY LIFE [ 4 MARKS]
Essay part c)
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1. Use ammonia to prevent latex from coagulate
4. Use antacid /sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralise acid in stomach of gastric patients
2. Use lime /quick lime (calcium oxide)/ slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), chalk (calcium carbonate) to neutralise acidic soil
3. Use magnesium hydroxide / toothpaste to neutralise acid produced by bacteria in our mouth
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•RUB BEE STING OR ANT STINGS ( WHICH IS ACIDIC)WITH CALCIUM CARBONATE
•RUB WASP STING ( WHICH IS ALKALINE ) WITH VINEGAR
Any 2 applications ( 4 marks)
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B) BY USING ONE NAMED EXAMPLE FOR EACH ALKALI, EXPLAIN WHY THE PH VALUES OF THE ALKALIS ARE DIFFERENT ( 6 MARKS)
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NOTES ON PH VALUES AND CONC OF H + IONS AND OH - ION
•THE HIGHER THE CONC OF H+ ION, THE ……..THE PH VALUE
•SO STRONG ACID HAS A … … PH VALUE THAN A WEAK ACID OF THE SAME CONCENTRATION
•THE HIGHER THE CONC OF OH- ION, THE …..THE PH VALUE
•SO STRONG ALKALI HAS A ……. PH VALUE THAN A WEAK ALKALI OF THE SAME CONCENTRATION
lower
higher
higher
lower
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Example of R ; sodium hydroxide solution/ litium hydroxide solution/ potassium hydroxide solution (any strong alkali)R ionised completely in water and produced high concentration of OH- ions
Example of Q : ammonia aqueous / solution ( weak alkali)
Q ionised partially in water and produce low concentration of OH- ions the higher the concentration of OH – ions in R the higher the pH values
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SOLUTION X AND SOLUTION Y ARE USED TO PREPARE BARIUM CARBONATE
SALTDESCRIBE THE PREPARATION OF BARIUM CARBONATE SALT IN THE
LABORATORY[ 10 MARKS]
Barium carbonate is insoluble salt
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NOTES – SOLUBLE AND INSOLUBLE SALTS
Soluble Insoluble sulphatesChlorides
carbonates
nitrates
All except PCB, PbSO4, CaSO4, BaSO4All except PAH, PbCl2, AgCl, HgCl2
KAN, K2CO3, Na2CO3, (NH4)2CO3
All except
All
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NOTES ON METHODS TO PREPARE SALTS
KAN salts
Soluble salts
Not KAN salts
Insoluble salts
Titration methodHot acid + excess solid
( metal/metal oxide/metal
hydroxide/metal carbonates) method
Precipitation or double decomposition
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STATE WHICH METHOD TO USE FOR THE PREPARATION OF THESE SALTS
BARIUM SULPHATE Precipitation
Sodium nitrate Titration
Zinc chloride Hot acid + excess ( zinc/
zinc oxide/ zinc hydroxide/ zinc carbonate
Copper(II) sulphate
Silver chloride
Potassium sulphate
Hot acid + excess ( copper oxide/ copper(II)
hydroxide/ copper(II) carbonate
Precipitation
Titration
notes
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TO PREPARE SALT
SOLUBLE SALT INSOLUBLE SALT
KAN SALTS NOT KAN SALTS
notes
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solution 1 is barium nitrate solution 50 cm3
of 1.0 moldm -3
Soln 2 is sodium carbonate solution 50 cm3
of 1.0 moldm -3Pour solution 1 into a beaker
Add solution 2 into the beaker with solution 1
Stir the mixture using glass rod
Filter the mixture
Rinse the residue with distilled water
Dry the residue in between sheet of filter papers to dry
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EQUATION
•Ba(NO3) 2 + Na2CO3 BaCO3 +
2NaNO3
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10 A)COMPOUND A AND B BURNT COMPLETELY IN OXYGEN O PRODUCE CARBON DIOXIDE
AND WATER
•A) NAME COMPOUND B
•WHY COMPOUND B PRODUCE MORE SOOT [ 4 MARKS]
1- hexene or hex-1-ene
% of C in compound B = 6C/ C6H12 =12x6/ 6(12) + 12(1) = 72/84= 86%
% of C in compound B is more than in compound A
% of C in comp A = 6C/ C6H14 =12x6/ 6(12) + 14(1) = 72/86= 84%
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NOTES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUND
•ETHANE OR ETHENE• Colourless gas , • low mp and bp, • NOT dissolve in
water, • NOT conduct
electricity
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NOTES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUND
•ETHANOL • Colourless liquid• Volatile liquid• low mp and bp, • Miscible in water, • NOT conduct
electricity
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUND
•ETHANOIC
ACID
• Colourless liquid• Volatile liquid• low mp and bp, • dissolve in water, • NOT conduct electricity in
glacial form, but conduct electricity in aqueous form
NOTES
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PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUND
•ETHYL ETHANOATE • Colourless liquid, • Sweet smelling • low mp and bp, • volatile liquid, • NOT dissolve in
water, • NOT conduct
electricity• Floats on water • Less dense than
water
NOTES
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B) STATE ONE PHYSICAL PROPERTY OF COMPOUND K. DESCRIBE BRIEFLY A CHEMICAL TEST TO
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN COMPOUND J AND COMPOUND K [ 6 MARKS]
•MISCIBLE IN WATER
•LOW MELTING POINT AND BOILING POINT
•DOES NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
•VOLATILE COLOURLESS LIQUID
•COMPOUND K IS ETHANOL
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EASY CHEMICAL TEST FOR CARBON COMPOUNDS
•ALKENE
•ALCOHOL
•CARBOXYLIC
ACID
notesAdd bromine water,
brown bromine colour decolourise
Add acidified K2Cr2O7 and warmOrange colour change to green
Add in a few marble chips, pass the gas through lime water, turns milky
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DESCRIBE BRIEFLY A CHEMICAL TEST TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN COMPOUND J AND
COMPOUND K [ 6 MARKS]•Pour 2 cm3 of compound J into a test tube
•Add a few drops of acidified
potassium dichromate(VI) solution
•Warm slowly , Observe colour change
•Repeat the procedure above with compound K
• If acidified potassium dichromate solution change from orange to green, then the compound is alcohol
J is ethanoic acidK is ethanol
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DESCRIBE HOW TO PREPARE AN ALKENE FROM A NAMED ALCOHOL THROUGH DEHYDRATION PROCESS. IN YOUR DESCRIPTION,
INCLUDE THE DIAGRAM OF THE APPARATUS SET UP AND BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATION FOR THE REACTION [ 10 MARKS]
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•2. Place glass wool in a boiling tube
•3. Add a few drops of ethanol to the glass wool
•4. Clamp the boiling tube horizontally
•5. Place a porcelain chips in the middle of the boiling tube
•6. Heat the porcelain chips strongly
•7. Heat the ethanol
•8. Collect the gas produced in a test tube
•9. Equation: C2H5OH → C2H4 + H2O
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HOMEWORK
•1) COMPLETE SBP – PAPER 3 – ALL QUESTIONS FOR TOMORROW AT 10 PAGI
•2) READ UP PLANNING EXPERIMENT- 6 EXAMPLES WITH ANSWERS
•3) READ UP ESSAY AND ANSWERS MARA SECTION B AND C