November 29, 2012November 29, 2012
Objectives: To develop an understanding of Sleep and Dreams.
Question: How many hours of sleep a night do you get? How many hours does the average teenager need?
Agenda: Notes/New Vocab & Obj.
Electroencephalogram EEG - brain wave activity
Electro-oculogram EOG - eye movement activity
Electromyogram EMG - muscle activity
SLEEP RESEARCH
WAKING EEG ACTIVITY Alpha wave
synchronous - regular 8 - 12 Hz (cps) high amplitude, low frequency characteristic of relaxed wakefulness
Beta wave
desynchronous - irregular 13 - 40 Hz (cps) low amplitude, high frequency
characteristic of behavioral arousal
NREM - 4 stages• Stage 1 - irregular EEG, slow eye movements
• Stage 2 - sleep spindles
SLEEPING EEG ACTIVITY
TWO STATES OF SLEEP
Final 5Final 5
What is the stage of sleep when we may experience hallucinations or a sense of falling?
REM SLEEP EEG - irregular beta waves reappear
REM sleep also known as • paradoxical sleep• dream sleep - most vivid dreams occur now
The brain? YesSleep deprivation increases SWS, not REM
Exercise that increases brain temperature increases SWS
What are the effects of total sleep deprivation?
Peter Tripp - abnormal behavior
Randy Gardner - just sleepy
What are the effects of long sleep
periods?14 hours of darkness for 30 days
Humans sleep likechipmunks
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF
DREAMS?
Dreaming permits each and every one of us to be quietly and safely INSANE every night of our lives.
---- William Dement
I was walking down the steps of the library, wearing my nightgown, cradling a bowl of raspberry Jell-O in my arms. At the foot of the staircase I could see the dim figure of my high school algebra teacher. His right arm was upraised and he was shouting at me, but I could not make out the words.
Suddenly, the scene shifted. I was traveling through a dense forest. The sun was setting and the forest deepened in darkness. I felt afraid. An unseen menace seemed to be following, but when I glanced back in fear, I saw one. I tried to run faster, but my legs would not respond. I was powerless to escape.
Freud - dreams are windows to the unconscious mind, dreams represent wish fulfillment - distinguish between manifest (actual) content and latent (hidden) content
Hobson and McCarley - Activation/synthesis hypothesis - Dreams have no hidden meaning - simply by-products of brain activity
Winson - dreams process information into memory
Echida (spiny anteater) - no REM, large frontal lobes
Do Animals Dream?
Dogs and cats? Likely
Dolphins? ?????? No REM sleep SWS alternates between hemispheres
Sleep apnea - cannot sleep and breathe at the same time - may be related to sudden infant death syndrome - SIDS - controversial
Therapies for Narcolepsy
Stimulant drugs such as amphetamine - adverse side effects
New Drug - Provigil - not yet approved by FDA - few side effects - not a stimulant -
Drug-Induced Insomnias
Barbiturates lethal in overdose benzodiazepines - Halcion comparatively safe in overdose
lethal in combination with alcohol
Treatments for Insomnia
Exposure to bright light during morning hours
Where do you shine the light?
Eyes. Where else? Behind your knees
Tryptophan Precursor of serotonin, induces normal sleep
Carbohydrates, not proteins, increase brain tryptophan levels
Treatments for Insomnia
Two ExamplesTwo Examples Never sleep late on the weekends - always get up at the same time
Use your bed only for sleeping, nothing else!