Scientific Data Sharing and Frameworks
~situation in Japan
Dr. Yasuhiro Murayama(ICSU-World Data System ex officio/
Research Institute of Humanosphere, Kyoto University/
Director of Integrated Science Data System Reseach Lab. National Institute of Information and Communications Technology)
International Programme Office Hosted byBased in Tokyo, Japan
Japan-France Joint Meeting on Open Access and Open DataThe French Embassy (Tokyo, Japan), 29 January 2015
Contents
• G8, Open Research Data• ICSU World Data System,
Research Data Alliance• Situation in Japan
Recent Situation of Scientific Research Data
Scientists, Community,
Society
Modern scientific method and sharing information
Important are: Communication or sharing info. Open discussion and re-examination by third
party. Reuse of information resources Consensus of science community the mutual
trust between Science and Society
http://www.getchemistryhelp.com/chemistry-lesson-scientific-method/
Open discussion,
Re-examination
Research papers
Traditional scientific method
Data
Software code
Various research information
Toward next sciences
Science as a Social System (with “Print” Publication)
Scientific Data Management,Infrastructure
PublishersResearch PerformingBodies
Library, Repository,Search, Abstracting, …
Institutional Repositories
Research Publishing/Preservation/Search of Scientific Information
Data and Information Flows
GovernmentsAcademies
Open data/open science in Japan• Hosting IPO of ICSU-WDS
– International Programme Office of World Data System ( International Council of Science) Based in Tokyo
• Responding to G8 summit in UK, 2013– Natl. Cabinet Office,
Natl. Council of S, T and Innovation (CSTI)– G8+O6 data infrastructure WG
• as part of Global Research Infrastructure discussion (G8 - Group of Senior Officials)
• ⇒ Cooperation requested for “RDA (Research Data Alliance)”
• Cabinet Office+ CSTI: “Committee for national open science policy” (December 2014-March 2015)
• Natl. Diet Library: Council on Organization of Science and Technology Information, Working Group 6
Values of Data
• Resource for research and innovation– “I don’t want to share my data (my
property) with other scientists”
• Proof/evidence of scientific finding and understanding– Data should be shared with everyone
for proof and discussion.7
Concerns about Scientific Data
• Data to secure reproducibility of results in a paper– Various kinds of data are behind the research results and
conventional publication
• Data to be reused as important scientific information resource/asset
• Data to study phenomena which never occur again/are difficult to be made again(example : climate change, huge earthquake, change in a living human body. . .)
8
9
Creation of ICSU-World Data SystemICSU 29th General Assembly decision (October 28, 2008):
9
PAST(since 1950’s)
PRESENT(2008~) ICSU International Scientific Unions data
bodies ICSU National Members data bodies ICSU Interdisciplinary Bodies data activities
WDC (World Data Center) : 50 WDSs at max.
FAGS (Federation of Astronomical and Geophysical Data Analysis Services)
54 Regular Data curation & data analysis services
9 Network Networks of Regular Members & umbrella organizations
3 Partner Do not deal directly with data stewardship, but support to ICSU-WDS
16 Associate Organizations interested in the WDS endeavour
82 Members (April 2014)
International Council for Science
WDS Scientific Committee (SC)
Regular Members54
・ Scientific Committee (SC): Strategy, long/mid term vision, international relations. ・ International Programme Office: Support of SC, implementation of SC’s decision
WDS members
Partner Members3
Associate Members16
Network Members9
10
Organizational structure of WDS
2 members and 1 advisor from Japan
WDS-International Programme Office
Executive Directorbased in Tokyo
As of April 2014
Hosted by
(My) Landscape of Science Data-related Organizations
13
Social Sciences
Earth ScienceSpace PhysicsGeographyAtmosphereAgricultureInformatics
Earth Sciences
Space Physics,ComputerScience,Physics, etc.
Seismology Atmosphere& Ocean
Linguistics,Hstory,Psychology
Ionosphere,Space Weather
WDS-IPO
Joint WG/MOU planned
Science Council of Japan
GEOSS/DIAS( U of Tokyo, JAXA 、
JAMSTEC etc )
Future Earth(ICSU, Belmont Forum,
UNU, UNESCO, UNEP, …)
RDA(Research Data
Alliance)
Open Data Charter, Open Research Data(Science Minister Meeting, June 2013)
Natl. Council for Science, Technology & Innovation, Japan
ICSU-World Data System
…82 members in total.
Hosted by
Natl. Diet LibraryJapan Science Technology Agency
“Data Publication” and “Data Citation”
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■ Data Publicationscf. journal publication: review, fix (print), publish with DOI…, metrics (citation index etc.)
■ Data Citation– ID of dataset (“DOI” is OK?), citation standards? metrics?…
■ More outputs from scientists to Society
[Society of Geomagnetism, Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, 2013]
Example of DOI-minting to Earth Science database in NOAA/NGDC
EMAG2: Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution)
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doi:10.7289/V5MW2F2P
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nmmrview/metadata.jsp?id=gov.noaa.ngdc.mgg.geophysi
cal_models:EMAG2&view=iso2html
Data description, Data format,Link to data, etc.
Digital data
Data plot
Landing Page
Maus (2009): EMAG2: Earth Magnetic Anomaly Grid (2-arc-minute resolution). National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. Model, doi:10.7289/V5MW2F2P [access date]
Instruction of data citation
[Nose et a., 2014]
History: scientific record & communication34
9 ye
ars
68 y
ears
Public library (paper media) : 8c
Printing press/Gutenberg: 1445First scientific journal: 1665
Intl. Assoc. Academies: 1899 ICSU established: 1931
World Data Center system :
1957
ENIAC, von Neumann: 1946Hard Disk Drive: 1956TCP/IP, dial-up (64kbps): 1982WWW (CERN): 1991Broadband internet (>1Mbps) :~ 2000
New global data initiatives: ICSU-WDS 、 RDA etc. : 2008 ~2013
Steps by Major scientific publishers encouraging data deposition
• Willey/AGU publication policy:”…in AGU’s journals, all data necessary to understand, evaluate, replicate, and build upon the reported research must be made available and accessible whenever possible…”
• SpringerOpen/”Earth, Planets and Space”, “Geoscience Letters”… “…Electronic archiving of data enables readers to replicate, verify and build upon the conclusions published in papers in the journal. It is recommended that all data which are not directly attached to a publication as electronic supplementary files be deposited…”
• Elsevier/JASTP: “…Elsevier encourages authors to deposit raw experimental data sets underpinning their research publication in data repositories, and to enable interlinking of articles and data…”