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Slow projectile - shoot a monkey
Fast projectile - shoot a monkey
Motion
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Objectives
You will be able to explain:› Motion› Distance› Speed› Velocity
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Motion
Motion- when an objects distance from another object is changing
› Reference point- place used as a comparison to determine motion
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Distance
Distance- always measured using the metric system
Kilometers, meters, centimeters, millimeters
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Speed
Speed- the distance an object travels per unit time
Speed=Distance/Time
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Speed Lab
Speed= M/Second
1 meter per second = 2.23693629 miles per hour
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Student Number
Distance Time Speedm/s
Speed mph
1234..
10 m10 m10 m10 m..
Avg. Avg.
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Baseball Pitch
The pitchers mound is 60’ 6” from home plate. This is equal to 18.39 M.
If it takes a pitch 1 second to get to home plate, how fast was the pitch?
Remember 1 meter per second = 2.23693629 miles per hour
Answer=
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Speed In Science and Sports
Ndamukong Suh
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Velocity
Velocity is speed in a direction. V=D/T
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Velocity
Velocity is a vector quantity that refers to "the rate at which an object changes its position." Imagine a person moving rapidly - one step forward and one step back - always returning to the original starting position. While this might result in a frenzy of activity, it would result in a zero velocity. Because the person always returns to the original position, the motion would never result in a change in position. Since velocity is defined as the rate at which the position changes, this motion results in zero velocity. If a person in motion wishes to maximize their velocity, then that person must make every effort to maximize the amount that they are displaced from their original position. Every step must go into moving that person further from where he or she started. For certain, the person should never change directions and begin to return to the starting position.
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Review1. Ben Roethlisberger can throw a football 60
yards in 4 seconds. How many ft/ second is that?
2. If there are 5,280 ft per mile, how fast is Big Bens pass in mph?
3. A bullet from a sniper rifle can travel 5,760 ft/ second. How many miles/ hr is that? How far would it travel in 10 seconds? 3927mph
4. If a train travels 275 miles in in 5 hours, what is its average speed? What is its velocity?
5. If I throw a boomerang out at a40 mph and it returns at a speed of 40 mph, what is its average speed? What was its velocity?
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Acceleration
A=(End V - Start V)/time
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Force
Newtons Second Law- Force
Force- the product of an objects acceleration and mass Measured in Newtons
Force = Mass x Acceleration You can rearrange the formula to find
acceleration or mass if needed Acceleration = Force/Mass
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Force Problems
A 52 kg water skier is being pulled by a speedboat. The force causes them to accelerate at 2 m/s. Calculate the net force that causes this acceleration.
What is the net force of a 1000 kg elevator accelerating at 2 m/s?
What net force is needed to accelerate a 55 kg cart at 15 m/s?
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Force Continued
How can I increase the force of a football players tackle?
How can I increase the force of a paintball to increase its range?
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Friction
Friction- the force that two substances exert as they rub past each other
Lets burn something old school style!!! Stick fire
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Friction
There are three types of friction› Sliding friction-when solid surfaces slide
over one another
› Rolling friction-when an object rolls over another object
› Fluid friction-when an object moves through a liquid or gas
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Friction
Phonebook Friction Meter Stick friction demo
› Take a meter stick and slide your hands towards oneanother and notice where they meet.
› Now start one 50% closer to the middle of the stick and notice where they meet.
› Why?
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Friction Lab
Do you think that a quarter, dime, or nickel will fall more quickly?› Place a quarter, dime, and nickel at the
edge of your desk.› Put a ruler behind them so they can be
pushed off evenly.› Push all three over the edge at the same
time.
What was the result?
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Bell Ringer
List an example of the three types of friction.
How does friction affect force?
What is often a byproduct of friction?
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Gravity
Gravity- the force of two objects pulling towards each other
9.8 m/s2
So each second an object falls its velocity increases by this rate until terminal velocity is reached.
Air resistance has an effect on gravity Killer Penny
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Gravity
Bullet Drop vs. Shot Notice the math these guys do. Proof
that math is cool.
Lets look at the book pg. 58
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Terminal Velocity
An object can only fall so fast. At some point it reaches what is known as TERMINAL VELOCITY
When air resistance = Gravity
For a human this is at about 53m/ S2 or 120mph
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Gravity Questions
Calculate your velocity if you jumped from an airplane and fell for 11 seconds.
Gravity= 9.8 m/S2
Calculate your velocity if you jump from a swing at 10 ft.
Conversion-
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Motion Graphing
Objectives› Use Proper Scale› Determine X & Y axis labels› Determine speed, acceleration, and
velocity by using graphs
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Newton's Third Law
If an object exerts force on another object, the second object exerts the same force in the opposite direction.
So what does that mean?› It means if you and a friend stand on an icy
surface and one of you pushes the other you both move equal distances
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Momentum
Momentum- is the quantity of motion
› Momentum = Mass X Velocity
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Momentum Problems
Which has more momentum:› A 3 kg sledgehammer swung at 1.5 m/s or
a 4 kg sledgehammer swung at .9 m/s?
› A 90 kg hockey player skating at 10 ft/s or a 75 kg player skating at 17 ft/s
› A 142 gram baseball going 95 mph or a 190 gram softball traveling 74 mph?
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Forces in fluids
Pressure- Pascal- Fluid- Pascal’s Principle- Hydraulic system- Buoyant force- Archimedes Principle- Density- Bernoulli’s principle-
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Building a Glider
You and your team will have one week to build a glider from Styrofoam. The goal will be the longest flight from my rescue window. You will receive one full class period the day before the flight and 10 min. of each class period up until the flight. The tools for this assignment will be :
Foam Glue Paper clips Bernoulli’s Principle
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Pressure
Pressure = Force/Area
› Measured in Pascal's (Pa) 1N/M2 =1PaOr
N/cm2 for smaller units
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Snow Shoes and Surface area
Book pg. 78
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Air Pressure
The air around us exerts pressure on our body.› Why don't we get crushed?
Air pressure at sea level =10.13N/cm2 More often we use a more common
measure of air pressure (mmHg) › 1 mm Hg = 133.322368 Pascal's› 760 mm Hg is the standard air pressure at
sea level. This is known as Barometric pressure
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Pressure at Elevation
Air pressure is less at elevation. So, water boils espier because the molecules are freed more easily.
› What affect does this have on cooking times?
› Soda Can› 55 Gallon Drum
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Pressure at Depth
As you go deeper the pressure increases.
Pg. 83 Water Bottle
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Buoyancy
Buoyant force- force that works against gravity to keep things afloat
Sinking- when gravity has more force than buoyancy
Floating when buoyancy equals or is greater than gravity
Archimedes Principle- the buoyant force of an object is equal to the weight of water that object displaces
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Density
Density= mass/volume
Density determines weather or not something will float
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Review of density
If I have a block that is ten cm long by 20 cm wide by 30 cm deep, and its mass is 1000 g, what is its density?
What is the density of a liquid that fills a 100 ml beaker and weighs 100 grams? What liquid would this most likely be?
If a wooden block has a density of 2 g/cm3 will it float or sink?
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Bernoulli’s Principle
The faster a fluid moves the less pressure it exerts.
This is why a plain can fly.