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IoT and Smart CitiesPart 1: Introduction
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hello world;I am Bhavin ChandaranaI am here because I love technology. You can find me at @BhavinIoT
Cofounder @Phaneron Inc,A Smart, Connected Lifestylephaneronsystems.com
Btech + Mtech @IIT Madras,Biotech, Batch of 2014https://iitm.almaconnect.com/profiles/bhavin-chandarana-3
Cofounder @AviPulse Foundation,Avifaunal Conservationavipulse.com
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AGENDA
Today is going to be a bit different:
◉ Sci/Tech Pop & Business & Case Studies◉ 3 part series
➢ Introduction - Today➢ Tech, examples & demo- March➢ Hands on - April
◉ Extends beyond a lecture - it’s an initiative
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PART-1 : Introduction◉ Existing Tech: ICT, IoT, Machine Learning & Big Data◉ Future Tech: IPv6, RPL, Blockchain◉ Examples: Waste mgmt, Transportation, Public Spaces◉ Economics & Human Factors◉ Case Studies
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BIG CONCEPTWhat is a Smart City?
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DEFINITION
There are many competing definitions of what a smart city, or a smart technology, constitutes. Core principles about smart city projects:
◉ Smart city technologies leverage data in a way that either improves or redefines how a city service is delivered
◉ Smart city investments contribute to a strategic vision for the use of ICT in the city
◉ Smart city investments can include ‘soft’ measures to facilitate interest in and the sustainability of the marketplace
◉ Smart cities do not include all new technologies regardless of their use of data
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TechnologySmart cities are at an intersection of
Technology, Governance & Citizen Science1
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ICT, Cloud & Mobile
Data Values
Projected global mobile data traffic for 2020 30.6EB/m
Global mobile video traffic per month 2.03 M TB
Mobile share of organic search engine visits in the U.S 43%
Mobile phone internet user penetration worldwide 52.7%
B2C m-commerce sales in the U.S.$83.93bn $83.93bn
Usage Values
Percentage of peak period aggregate traffic of YouTube 19.22%
Mobile-only unique visitors to Apple Inc. 65.36m
Percentage of time spent on gaming apps on iOS and Android devices 15%
http://www.statista.com
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ICT, Cloud & Mobile
http://www.statista.com
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ICT, Cloud & Mobile
Google Trends
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ICT, Cloud & Mobile
Google Trends
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ICT
http://www.smartcity-planning.co.jp
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Moore’s LawNumber of components on chip doubles every year
Koomey’s LawEnergy efficiency of computation doubles roughly every 1.5 years
Metcalfe’s LawValue of a network with n nodes ∝O(n2)
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IoT
Shift from social media & mobility to data science & analytics◉ Realtime dashboards & notifications◉ Business Intelligence & Micro-moments
The rise of Middleware!◉ AWS IoT◉ IBM Bluemix®
◉ 2lemetry (bought by Amazon)◉ Jasper (bought by Cisco)
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IoT
◉ Google: Nest, Google Cloud Platform, Brillo◉ Samsung: Samsung Ventures has been investing in a lot of IoT based startups.
The also have a home automation line up◉ Apple: Apple Homekit - iOS for home automation◉ Amazon: AWS-IoT◉ Intel: Edison® & Galileo® prototyping boards, EPID technology◉ IBM: MQTT protocol, Bluemix® Platform, lots of middleware◉ Cisco: Own product line, Investing in / buying a lot of companies
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IoT
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ML & Big Data
Big data: Any data that cannot fit into an Excel spreadsheet
◉ Apache Hadoop, Amazon Redshift, Galera SQL cluster , Gluster
Machine Learning: Non Linear Number Crunching in n-D
◉ Wit.ai, api.ai, askZiggy, etc.
WIRED
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ExamplesSome startups / initiatives working on smart
cities2
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Waste Management: Compology
Waste Collection Sensors
◉ Est. in 2012 in San Francisco by Ben Chehebar and Jason Gates◉ A (robust) garbage sensor track the fullness of your front-load and roll-off
containers◉ Provide realtime information & routes◉ SaaS & analytics platform◉ Scalable: Can scale it from one city
to a nationwide network
http://compology.com
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Waste Management: Compology
http://compology.com
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Waste Management: Enevo
Optimizing garbage collection
◉ Founded in 2010 in Finland◉ Ultrasonic sensors to measure the fill levels of dumpsters and other waste
receptacles◉ Waste managers can create dynamic, need-based trash pickup schedules◉ A web dashboard collects and analyzes the data, and generates routes and
schedules that make sure well-used locations get a pickup before becoming overfull, while avoiding unnecessary pickups at locations that don’t fill as quickly.
◉ Cities can experience direct cost savings of up to 50 percent (or so they claim :D)
http://www.enevo.com
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Waste Management: Enevo
◉ Raised $15.8 million recently in new funding
◉ The round was led by Foxconn, Ginko Ventures and Mistletoe
◉ Participation from previous investors Earlybird, Lifeline Ventures, Finnish Industry Investment
◉ Also individuals
http://www.enevo.com
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Waste Management: Loci Controls
Smart Landfill Gas Collection
◉ Based out of Massachusetts
◉ Makes smart, connected hardware that helps landfill operators monitor — and capture — the natural gases that are produced by decomposing trash
◉ WellWatcher hardware monitors the chemical composition of landfill gas, its flow rate, and the temperature and pressure inside the pipes. Taking readings a few times an hour, the battery-powered, solar-rechargeable system reports its data via a cellular connection
http://locicontrols.com
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Waste Management: Loci Controls
Smart Landfill Gas Collection
◉ Recently (partially) closed a Series A funding round for an undisclosed amount
◉ The Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) led the round, alongside CommonAngels Venture Fund, Launch Capital, Houston Angel Network, and several Boston-area angel investors. Loci Controls is a graduate of the Bolt accelerator, and is housed at Greentown Labs.
http://locicontrols.com
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Waste Management: Loci Controls
http://locicontrols.com
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Transportation: Smart Bike LocksPrice: $129 (pre-order)
Service Fee: $4.99-$6.99 per month
Connectivity: GPS
Battery Life: 3-4 weeks expected
BikeSpike
Price: $119 Connectivity: Bluetooth
Apps: Apple, Android
Battery: Bitlock can handle 10,000 lock/unlock operations on a single battery. (Enough for 5-year battery life with 5 lock/unlock operations a day)
BitLock
Price: $249 Apps: Apple, Android, Microsoft
Connectivity: Bluetooth, GSM/GPRS SIM
Battery: charges while you’re cycling
Sensors: Three-axis gyroscope, accelerometer, light, temperature
Lock8
GPS technology to locate your bike and cellular technology to share that location in real time. This allows you to see where you bike is at any point in time via the web application or the mobile applicationhttp://bikespike.com
Bitlock: The world's first keyless bike lock to enable low cost peer-to-peer bike sharing among individuals and communities.Bitlock senses your proximity and identifies you as you come within 3 feet of your bikehttp://bitlock.co
Keyless - No more keys! Use your smartphone as an e-Key to easily lock and unlock your smart bike lock.GPS - Bike GPS tracking to locate your bike if it goes missing or remember where you left it and share your location with friends. http://lock8.me
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Transportation: Drive PX2 by Nvidia
Supercomputer for self-driving cars◉ 12 CPU cores that support a combined eight teraflops and 24 deep learning tera
operations per second - “equivalent to 150 MacBook Pros”, all sitting in a computer that's about the size of a lunchbox. Also, its Water-cooled
◉ Process the inputs of 12 video cameras, plus lidar, radar and ultrasonic sensors◉ Volvo is Nvidia's first partner to use the Drive PX2, it will deploy it in some test
self-driving vehicles◉ Created a reference platform called the "Nvidia Drivenet" and it is already testing
its own self-driving cars. It has nine inception layers so that it can train itself to "perceive things out in the world."
◉ It took a few months for the network to recognize objects in real time
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84M3ghUKlLk
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Transportation: Drive PX2 by Nvidia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84M3ghUKlLk
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Public Spaces: Array of Things
Network of sensor boxes that will be mounted to lampposts & other infrastructure◉ By Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago◉ Each “node” in the network will collect block-by-block environmental data about
temperature, humidity, light, air quality, and eventually even wind and precipitation
◉ $3.1 million award from the National Science Foundation◉ They plan to work with the city of Chicago to start deploying Array of Things
hardware in Q4, 2016, with up to 500 nodes in place by the end of 2017◉ The resulting data sets will be made available to researchers, app developers,
and the public through an open database◉ The hardware and software are all open-source, and released on GitHub
https://github.com/ArrayOfThings
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Public Spaces: Array of Things
https://github.com/ArrayOfThings
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Public Spaces: Array of Things
http://arrayofthings.github.io API & HW: https://github.com/ArrayOfThings
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Public Spaces: Placemeter
http://www.placemeter.com
Quantified Public Spaces◉ Machine-vision sensor, which is designed to make anonymized counts of vehicle
and foot traffic in public places◉ A startup based out of New York City. Raised $6 million in recent funding round◉ Initially, paid beta-testers who would run its app on old smartphones or
webcams placed in windows overlooking busy intersections and plazas. ◉ Made a new sensor - improvement for privacy, reliability and ease of use and
does in situ realtime processing
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Public Spaces: Placemeter
http://www.placemeter.com
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Public Spaces: Placemeter
http://www.placemeter.com
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Environment: AirBeam
http://habitatmap.org
Citizen Wireless Air Quality Monitoring◉ Citizen science initiative by Brooklyn-based nonprofit HabitatMap◉ A distributed network of “aircasters” who wear the device and publish the local
air quality data◉ Explore the link between air quality health issues◉ AirBeam is Arduino-powered and entirely open-source◉ Designed to be expandable, both through
➢ the addition of new sensors and ➢ by sharing AirBeam data with other websites and applications
◉ DIY wearables and other accessories that use colored LEDs to represent AirBeam data in real time
https://github.com/HabitatMap
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Environment: AirBeam
http://habitatmap.org https://github.com/HabitatMap
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Environment: AirBeam
http://habitatmap.org https://github.com/HabitatMap
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Environment: Breathe
http://breathe.city
Personal Air Quality Sensor
◉ A wearable air quality monitor with a minimalist look and interface◉ 2014 project from digital designer Samuel Cox◉ CO2 sensor, Arduino, BLE and rechargeable battery, 3D-printed biodegradable
plastic case, RGB LED for indication◉ Syncs with other similar devices like AirBoxLab, Foobot (indoors ) and AirBeam
and Tzoa (outdoors)◉ Data is synced to a paired smartphone that can keep records of daily air intake,
add the data to crowdsourced maps and help users plot walking and biking routes that avoid pollution hotspots
http://samuelcox.net
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Environment: Breathe
http://breathe.city http://samuelcox.net
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Economics & Human FactorsWith focus on India 3
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How to make a country Rich1. Empower the Peasants & Farmers
Equitable Land DistributionEradicate Rural Feudalism
3. Spend on DevelopmentKeep finance on the short leash and aligned with national, long-term industrial interest
2. Make Industries CompetitiveProtection & SubsidyIncentivize ExportsSkills Development
Joe Studwell - How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region
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Equitable Land DistributionEradicate Rural Feudalism
Keep finance on the short leash and aligned with national, long-term industrial interest
Protection & SubsidyIncentivize ExportsSkills Development
Keep finance on the short leash and aligned withnational, long-term industrial interest
Smart FarmingSmart weather forecasting & analyticsOnline Farming Education
P2P lending & Crowdfunding
Analytics & Industrial IoTOnline Diploma & TrainingFastracked & red tape free registration
1. Empower the Peasants & Farmers
3. Spend on Development
2. Make Industries Competitive
How can Technology help
Joe Studwell - How Asia Works: Success and Failure in the World's Most Dynamic Region
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India’s Competitiveness Profile
World Economic Forum: 19 charts that explain India’s economic challenge
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India’s Competitiveness Performance
World Economic Forum: 19 charts that explain India’s economic challenge
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India’s Stakeholder preparedness for City Transformation
World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality
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Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031
The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India
● According to the Government of India’s High Powered Expert Committee (HPEC), approximately $640.2 billion is needed until 2031 for investment in urban infrastructure and services if India is to maintain and accelerate economic growth
● The investment required for the eight major sectors of urban infrastructure (roads, transport, traffic support, street lighting, water supply, sewerage, storm water drains and solid waste management) is estimated at $506.3 billion.
● Approximately half of that amount is needed in Class IA and IB cities alone; Class IC cities require 30% and Class II–IV+ cities 20%. An additional $67.0 billion will be needed for renewal and redevelopments of certain urban areas, particularly slums, and $16.3 billion will be required for capacity building of urban local bodies (ULBs) to ensure the availability of sufficient skills to plan, develop and manage the required infrastructure projects.
● Given the fact that the public sector is in no position to bankroll investments of this magnitude, a significant funding gap clearly exists for the Government of India for the required investment in (urban) infrastructure. The HPEC estimates the funding deficit at 0.15–0.39% of GDP per annum for the period 2012–2031, which amounts to a funding gap of $80– 110 billion
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Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031
The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India
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Urban Infrastructure Requirement: 2012 – 2031
The Future of Urban Development & Services: Urban Development Recommendations for India
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India’s Risks in Public Private Partnership (Urban development Projects)
World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality
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India’s Constraint in Infrastructure Development (next 3 years)
World Economic Forum: How can India make smart cities a reality
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Case StudiesChicago, Hong Kong
Pune?4
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CHICAGO2011-present
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Genesis: Push for smart cities began with election of Mayor Emanuel (May 2011)Key players: CTO (John Tolva), CDO (Brett Goldstein), Smart Chicago Collaborative (partnership b/w City, MacArthur Foundation & Chicago Community Trust)
ORGANIZATION & LEADERSHIP
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PROJECTS
Infra. InvestmentBroadband project
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
Sustainable Connectivity
Economic developmentChicago Health Atlas
Windy Grid
Illinois Open Technology Challenge
Hosted Web Space
Community engagementThe City that Networks
Digital Skills Initiative
Connect Chicago
Smart Health Centres
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Funding
Grant Funding: The City of Chicago Department of Innovation and Technology received grants under the Broadband Technology Opportunities Program of ARRA for Sustainable Broadband Adoption and the support of Public Computer Centres. The Smart Chicago Collaborative helps the City administer all of the projects under this fundingPartnerships Chicago has a corporate partnership with IBM to do some basic research. The Smart Chicago Collaborative has McArthur Foundation support, which helps to fund some of the City’s projectsExisting City Funding: Many of the longer term roles in the City are funded through the City’s budget
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Challenges
Financial Capital: The funding to undertake projects was a key initial challenge.
Human Capital: A key challenge was in re-tooling the IT department in the city to be able to respond to these new challenges. Previously the IT department contracted development work, but now the city has a development and design resource, and a director of data analytics.
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Future Plans
Gigabit Broadband: The broadband work in the city is seen as a transformative project. The speeds and the price points that they are aiming to hit are intended to be disruptive. They believe that will be key in fostering innovative and creative responses to the city’s challengesCity as a Platform: Chicago has many networked devices (e.g. trash cans, bike sharing schemes). There is an opportunity to get these better connected in a similar way to the open data portalDispersed Digital Literacy: Although there are public computer centres in Chicago, the next challenge will be bringing these resources out into the streetEnsuring Sustainability
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HONG KONG1998 - present
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Genesis: Digital 21 initiative established in 1998 for ICT investmentOrganization structure for streamlining governance est. 2004The current strategy contains five key action areas:
◉ Facilitating a digital economy◉ Promoting advanced technology and innovation◉ Developing Hong Kong as a hub for technological
cooperation and trade◉ Enabling the next generation of public services◉ Building an inclusive, knowledge-based society.
INTRODUCTION
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ORGANIZATION & LEADERSHIP
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PROJECTS
EIM: (Electronic Information Management), was central to the 2008 Digital 21 Strategy, and covers Content Management, Records Management, Knowledge ManagementE-government: OGCIO is responsible for running the city’s main website. They aim to meet 80% of citizens’ needs for dealing with the government on that website, through e-government services. As of Dec 2012, there are 49 government mobile applications and 38 government mobile websitesGovWiFi: 100% WiFi enabled city by 2017Open Data: Demographic, economic, geographical and meteorological data, etc. made publically available and easily accessible. Govt. sponsored hackathons for the best use of this data (https://data.gov.hk/en)
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Future Plans
Hong Kong will continue to work towards the vision articulated in the Digital 21 strategy, and will update it as new challenges and opportunities are identified. Mr Godfrey explains that achieving the city’s aim around ICT is a continual process of improvement, rather than an end-goal:“Although we have articulated our vision, I don’t think we will ever be able to say we’ve done it. Because even when you get there, ICT changes so fast that you are going to have to keep running to achieve the vision.”He also identifies that shifting to cloud-based ICT operations in the city will be a core upcoming challenge:“We see the biggest change in the next few years being how we make use of cloud computing in government, which will affect both the applications and the infrastructure”
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A SPECIAL THANKS TO
Milind DeoreFounder, Helium InkOrganizer of IoT, Pune
Ashish PandeyFounder, Helium InkOrganizer of IoT, Pune
Anita BhingeCEO, Spacetech Designs
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THANKS!Any questions?
You can find me at@BhavinIoT / [email protected]
Feedback
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