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SMUD FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN RENEWABLES & STORAGE
Michael DeAngelis, SMUD Manager of Energy R&D
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Outline
• SMUD & Energy Policy • Renewable Energy • Smart Grid • Need for Storage
• Bulk Storage • Distributed Storage
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SMUD – Owned By Customers • Not for Profit, Publicly Owned Utility • Voter-Approved (1923) Began (1946) • Sacramento County (small part of Placer & Yolo Counties) • Almost 600,000 Customers; 1.4 Million Population • 6th Largest POU in U.S. • 7 Member Board of Directors
• Elected by Ratepayers • Five Public Meetings per Month
• Not a Part of City or County • Manage Balancing Author. Northern California (BANC) • Low Rates, Reliable, Innovative & Green!
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SMUD Board Policy
• Sustainable Power Supply reduces
SMUD’s long-term greenhouse gas
emissions from generation of electricity
to 10% of its 1990 carbon dioxide emission
levels by 2050 (<350,000 metric tonnes/year),
while assuring reliability of the system;
minimizing environmental impacts on land,
habitat, water quality, and air quality; and
maintaining a competitive position relative
to other California electricity providers.
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Key SMUD EE & Renewables Goals
• SMUD’s Board of Directors adopted aggressive energy efficiency goals – 15% over ten years
• The most aggressive utility energy efficiency goals in the state
Renewable Energy
Program
2009 Actual 2010 Goal 2010 Actual 2020 Goal
RPS 18.8% 20% 20.4% 33%
Greenergy 3.5% 3.8% 3.8% 4%
Total 22.3% 23.8% 24.2% 37%
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Smart Grid Status • $128 M ARRA Grant ($300 M total Project)
• Install 615,000 AMI (86% complete)
• Consumer Behavior Study on Dynamic Pricing
• Distribution Automation & Advanced OMS
• Technology Infrastructure, Cyber Security, etc.
• “Deep Dive” - - PEVs, DR, Solar PV, Dis. Storage, CVR – Goal to Accelerate Functionality to Manage Energy
Use to Benefit Customers
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Energy Storage Key Components of the Smart Grid
Transmission Operator
Distribution Operator
Load Serving Entity
Substation
Other Substations
Residential Customer
Multi-Dwelling Unit
Industrial Customer
Commercial Customer
Distributed Resources
Microgrid / sustainable communities
Energy Storage
Substation
Microgrid
Commercial & Industrial
Large-Scale Renewables
Residential Source: EPRI 2010 DG and Storage Membership – Value of Storage For SMUD, Dec 2010
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SMUD’s Pumped Storage Project Key Features of Iowa Hill
• Proposal added to existing Hydro
System (UARP), near Placerville,
CA
• 400-MW Pumped-storage facility
• New 6,400 ac-ft reservoir
• Existing Slab Creek Reservoir as
lower reservoir
• Underground water conveyance
and powerhouse
• 2.5-mile transmission tie-in
connects to existing UARP
transmission line
Benefits
• Helps meet load growth by increasing dependable capacity 400 MW
• Promotes intermittent, non-dispatchable renewable resources by helping to
manage their energy output
• Supports load following, improves system reliability, provides voltage control and
spinning reserves
• Variable-speed reversible turbines essentially deliver 800 MW of regulation value
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SMUD Storage Portfolio
Transmission Distribution
Residential Li+ Storage with PV
Community Li+ Storage with PV
Substation Feeder ZnBr
Storage for PV Community
Microgrid with ZnBr Storage Commercial Scale PV
with NaNiCl2 Storage
Wind with Compressed Air Energy Storage
Solar Highways with Li+ Storage
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• Graphic summarizes present value of different storage applications
• Transportable storage used to defer distribution investments
• Distributed energy storage (DESS) installed adjacent to distribution transformers
• Commercial customer sited storage used to reduce energy costs and demand charges
• Residential and commercial customer sited storage aggregated by a 3rd Party and value sold to utility
• Results ― some storage systems could be cost effective for SMUD and SMUD customers at $400/kW-h price point
• Current zinc-bromine flow battery system is within this cost today
• Today though, storage systems remain unproven for life, durability, reliability and cost
Current R&D projects are addressing these uncertainties
Value of Storage for SMUD
Source: Energy Storage Benefits for SMUD, EPRI/E3, October 2010 10
Value Per Application
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ADVANCED STORAGE PROJECTS
ADDITIONAL SLIDES
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Advanced CAES Plant
CT Module
Exhaust
Air
Compressed Air
Compressor
Combustion Turbine
Motor
• Storage
Air
Intercoolers Recuperator
Fuel
Expander
Storage: Total Costs (2010 Dollars) ~ 1000 - 1250 $/kW
Heat Rate Energy Ratio
3810 0.70
173 MW – 10 Hr Plant
Source: EPRI 2010 DG and Storage Membership – Technical Update, Dec 2010
• Investigating use of depleted gas wells as storage vessel
• Multi-megawatt scale for 10s of hours, possibly days!
• May be more cost competitive than Pumped Hydro (2500 – 4300 $/kW)
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Expected Cost Reductions For Li+
• Cost estimates in-line with projections provided to EPRI by leading Li-ion battery vendors for 2011 and 2015.
• Future stationary applications for lithium-ion can be on order of $400/kW-h (includes balance of plant costs for power electronics and utility interconnection)
• Source: Lithium-ion Energy Storage Market Opportunities, Application Value Analysis and Technology Gap Assessment, EPRI Publication Number 1020074
• Production of 1,000 MWh of PEV batteries per year would result in $600/kW-h (100,000 vehicles assuming 20kW-h per battery; $12,000 PEV battery pack)
• Production of 10,000 MWh of PEV batteries per year would result in $350/kW-h (500,000 vehicles; $7,000 PEV battery pack)
Note: Best fit curve for a family of Li-ion cost projections, including ANL (2009), EPRI (2007), Miller (2006), CARB (2007), and TIAX (2009)
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PV & Smart Grid Pilot at Anatolia DOE High Penetration Solar Development Grant ($4.3M)
• Anatolia SolarSmartSM Homes Community
– High building efficiency measures
– 2kW PV systems
• Installing 15 RES and 3 CES units
• Will firm renewables, reduce peak load and improve reliability
• Partners include GridPoint, SunPower, Navigant, NREL, SAFT (lithium ion)
• Installing utility and customer portals to monitor PV, storage, customer load
• Sending price signals to affect changes in customer usage
• Quantifying costs and benefits of this storage deployment to gain insights to broader application for SMUD
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Benefit Metric Sacramento
Fleet
Peak load reduction Peak Load 5-10%
T&D loss reduction T&D Losses 2%
Reduced cost of power
interruption
CAIDI/SAIDI/SAIFI
improvements 10%
Reduced damages as a result of
lower GHG/carbon
emissions
MWh served by
renewable sources TBD
Reduced cost to serve peak
energy (energy arbitrage) Hourly marginal cost data 70%
• Installing two Premium Power 500kW/6 hours zinc bromine flow batteries systems
• Partners include Premium Power, National Grid, SAIC, NREL, Syracuse University
• Will firm renewables, reduce peak load and cost to serve peak, and improve reliability
• Operating as a fleet of distribution assets
• Quantifying costs and benefits of this storage deployment to gain insights to broader application for SMUD
Storage for Grid Support DOE Grid Support Storage Demonstrations Grant ($12M)
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