SoCal-LD.net Debate Camp 2007SoCal-LD.net Debate Camp 2007Topic Area BackgroundTopic Area Background
California Baptist UniversityCalifornia Baptist University
October 12, 2007October 12, 2007
SudanSudan
Sudan achieved independence from Sudan achieved independence from Britain in 1956.Britain in 1956.
The first Sudanese Civil War, between the The first Sudanese Civil War, between the largely Islamic north and the largely largely Islamic north and the largely Christian and animist south, lasted from Christian and animist south, lasted from 1956-1972.1956-1972.
The second Civil War lasted from 1983 The second Civil War lasted from 1983 until January 9, 2005.until January 9, 2005.
Darfur Region of SudanDarfur Region of Sudan
3.5 million in the region are reliant on 3.5 million in the region are reliant on humanitarian aid for survival.humanitarian aid for survival.
These efforts are being organized by the These efforts are being organized by the UN office of OCHA, the Office for the UN office of OCHA, the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.
2.2 million people in Darfur are IDPs 2.2 million people in Darfur are IDPs (Internally Displaced People).(Internally Displaced People).
Darfur Region of SudanDarfur Region of Sudan
An Arab militia, known as the Janjaweed, An Arab militia, known as the Janjaweed, has been tasked with settling disputes has been tasked with settling disputes between Darfur tribes.between Darfur tribes.
Many sources report that the Janjaweed Many sources report that the Janjaweed have been guilty of genocidal acts during have been guilty of genocidal acts during the last 4 years. the last 4 years.
Recent NewsRecent News
May 5, 2006 – The African Union brokered May 5, 2006 – The African Union brokered a peace deal between the Sudanese a peace deal between the Sudanese government and the largest rebel group in government and the largest rebel group in Darfur, but the violence has continued Darfur, but the violence has continued since.since.
UNICEF reports that 80 children/day die of UNICEF reports that 80 children/day die of malnutrition due to the violence preventing malnutrition due to the violence preventing humanitarian assistance.humanitarian assistance.
Recent NewsRecent News
In July of this year, Sudan experienced In July of this year, Sudan experienced flooding over much of the country. U.N. flooding over much of the country. U.N. sent $13.5 million but said that much more sent $13.5 million but said that much more would be needed from major nations.would be needed from major nations.
400,000 people were affected, and 3.5 400,000 people were affected, and 3.5 million are now at risk of epidemics as a million are now at risk of epidemics as a result of the flooding.result of the flooding.
Between 200,000 and 400,000 dead in Between 200,000 and 400,000 dead in Darfur.Darfur.
EritreaEritrea
EritreaEritrea
Eritrea was absorbed as a province of Eritrea was absorbed as a province of Ethiopia, which resulted in a war with Ethiopia, which resulted in a war with Ethiopia from 1961 to 1991.Ethiopia from 1961 to 1991.
Eritrea gained independence in 1993.Eritrea gained independence in 1993. They fought a border war with Ethiopia They fought a border war with Ethiopia
from 1998-2000, and it recently reignited.from 1998-2000, and it recently reignited. They are currently trying to overcome They are currently trying to overcome
decades of war by using their military decades of war by using their military forces to rebuild, and increase their forces to rebuild, and increase their agricultural capacity.agricultural capacity.
DjiboutiDjibouti
DjiboutiDjibouti
Djibouti gained its independence from the Djibouti gained its independence from the French in 1977. It used to be called, French in 1977. It used to be called, “French Somaliland”.“French Somaliland”.
Djibouti is home to Camp Le Monier, a Djibouti is home to Camp Le Monier, a major U.S. military based used in major U.S. military based used in Operation Enduring Freedom.Operation Enduring Freedom.
The U.N. reports that 30,000 people in The U.N. reports that 30,000 people in Djibouti face severe food shortages after Djibouti face severe food shortages after two years of poor rains.two years of poor rains.
DjiboutiDjibouti
Due to the lack of industry or natural Due to the lack of industry or natural resources, the unemployment rate hovers resources, the unemployment rate hovers between 40 and 50%.between 40 and 50%.
The government is heavily in debt to The government is heavily in debt to foreign aid donors.foreign aid donors.
SomaliaSomalia
SomaliaSomalia
Somalia gained independence in 1960.Somalia gained independence in 1960. The weak central government only The weak central government only
controls the geographically central area of controls the geographically central area of the country.the country.
Most of the country is rules by tribal Most of the country is rules by tribal warlords and various tribal militias.warlords and various tribal militias.
Somalian muslim militias are currently Somalian muslim militias are currently fighting a war with Ethiopia.fighting a war with Ethiopia.
EthiopiaEthiopia
EthiopiaEthiopia Ethiopia is now land-locked, ever since Ethiopia is now land-locked, ever since
Eritrea got independence in 1993.Eritrea got independence in 1993. Ethiopia hosts the headquarters of the Ethiopia hosts the headquarters of the
African Union.African Union. Was formerly known as “Abyssinia”Was formerly known as “Abyssinia” There is only 1 doctor for every 100,000 There is only 1 doctor for every 100,000
Ethiopians, and there are more Ethiopia-Ethiopians, and there are more Ethiopia-trained doctors in Chicago than there are trained doctors in Chicago than there are in Ethiopia.in Ethiopia.
KenyaKenya
KenyaKenya
Gained their independence from Britain in Gained their independence from Britain in 1963.1963.
One of the best economies in the Greater One of the best economies in the Greater Horn, with a GDP per capita of $1200 and Horn, with a GDP per capita of $1200 and around 6% annual growth. (Average GDP around 6% annual growth. (Average GDP per capita in sub-saharan Africa is about per capita in sub-saharan Africa is about $600)$600)
TanzaniaTanzania
TanzaniaTanzania
Gained independence from Britain, and Gained independence from Britain, and formed from a merger between formed from a merger between Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964.Tanganyika and Zanzibar in 1964.
Relatively politically stable in the last Relatively politically stable in the last several years.several years.
GDP per capital about half of Kenya’s but GDP per capital about half of Kenya’s but with a much faster growth rate due mainly with a much faster growth rate due mainly to Gold reserves and other natural to Gold reserves and other natural resources.resources.
UgandaUganda
UgandaUganda
Uganda is fairly well-off economically Uganda is fairly well-off economically within the region, but is dependent on within the region, but is dependent on foreign aid.foreign aid.
Human rights abuses are rampant, from Human rights abuses are rampant, from the national security forces who are the national security forces who are commonly accused of torture, to the rebel commonly accused of torture, to the rebel Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) which Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) which resorts to kidnapping children to fight in resorts to kidnapping children to fight in their army.their army.
RwandaRwanda
RwandaRwanda
Most famous for the 100 day genocide in Most famous for the 100 day genocide in which somewhere between 500,000 and 1 which somewhere between 500,000 and 1 million were killed, most by machetes.million were killed, most by machetes.
The genocide was primarily an attack on The genocide was primarily an attack on the traditionally higher-class Tutsi from the the traditionally higher-class Tutsi from the traditionally lower-class Hutus.traditionally lower-class Hutus.
The two people groups were historically The two people groups were historically intermixed, but were developed separate intermixed, but were developed separate identities when the colonial Belgians put identities when the colonial Belgians put the Tutsi in charge of the government.the Tutsi in charge of the government.
RwandaRwanda
90% of the people of Rwanda are 90% of the people of Rwanda are subsistence farmers.subsistence farmers.
Due to massive foreign investment and Due to massive foreign investment and relatively stable political leadership, the relatively stable political leadership, the country is showing signs of rapid country is showing signs of rapid development.development.
BurundiBurundi
BurundiBurundi
With a GDP per capita of $90, Burundi is With a GDP per capita of $90, Burundi is the poorest country on planet Earth.the poorest country on planet Earth.
Burundi has very few natural resources.Burundi has very few natural resources. According to the World Food Programme, According to the World Food Programme,
a majority of Burundian children under 5 a majority of Burundian children under 5 suffer from chronic malnutrition.suffer from chronic malnutrition.
Like Rwanda, Burundi has suffered from Like Rwanda, Burundi has suffered from civil wars and genocide between Hutus civil wars and genocide between Hutus and Tutsi.and Tutsi.
Overarching Plan IdeasOverarching Plan Ideas
Food Aid (or Food Aid Reform)Food Aid (or Food Aid Reform) AIDSAIDS Infrastructure DevelopmentInfrastructure Development MalariaMalaria Agriculture TechAgriculture Tech Political AssistancePolitical Assistance Security GuaranteesSecurity Guarantees ??
