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SOCIONET CRIS APPROACH
TO SUPPORT OPEN SCIENCE
ACTIVITIES
SERGEY PARINOV, [email protected]
CENTRAL ECONOMICS AND MATHEMATICS
INSTITUTE OF RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF
SCIENCES
MOSCOW, RUSSIA
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INFORMATION ABOUT
THE SPEAKER
Sergey Parinov –
• Deputy Director of CEMI RAS, PhD and Doctor of Sci.
• Topics: CRIS-CERIF, Open Science e-infrastructure, research assessment information systems, new approaches to re-use research outputs, scientometrics, etc.
Central Economics and Mathematics Institute (CEMI) of RAS, www.cemi-ras.ru -
• About 200 scientists, located in Moscow, research topics includes “science as a socioeconomic system”, “Open Science”, “research information systems”, etc.
Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), www.ras.ru –
• 450 research institute and about 30000 very active scientists covers all scientific disciplines
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SOME NEW TRENDS
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CRISIS OF TRADITIONAL RESEARCH
OUTPUTS DISTRIBUTION AND RE-USE
In the Beall’ list of corrupt
publishers and journals are (on
15.09.2013):
•242 publishers
•126 journals
Source: http://scholarlyoa.com/2012/12/06/bealls-list-of-predatory-publishers-2013/
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LOOKING FOR NEW APPROACHES
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CHANGES IN PUBLISHING FOR
BETTER RE-USE
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CHANGES IN A QUALITY CONTROL
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OPEN SCIENCE:
RUSSIAN VIEW
Open Science is a more efficient model of research activity
for individuals, organizations and the science system at
national level based on three main pillars:
• (1) open access - advanced approaches to shape and share
research outputs with world-wide research community,
• (2) open re-use - new tools for scientists to re-use available
research outputs for producing new scientific knowledge, and
• (3) open research assessment - publicly available research
performance statistics updated daily in automated mode for
individual scientists and research organizations
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TRADITIONAL SCIENCE
SYSTEM
Research funding
Research evaluation
Research assessment
Circulation and re-use of research outputs to produce new outputs
Scientists create research outputs
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OPEN SCIENCE SYSTEM
Financing
Research evaluation
Open Research Assessment: public scientometrics (data on
motivations of re-use, etc.)
Open Re-Use: research outputs circulation, scientists express scientific relationships
between used research objects, notifications
Open Access: scientists register in CRIS all research artifacts that can be re-used by other scientists
Self evaluation by
scientists and
organizations
Internal organization’s motivation
mechanisms for scientists
N
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TRADITIONAL VS.
OPEN SCIENCE
what
scientists do
create &
deposit
re-use
research
outputs
awareness
about re-use
global
cooperation
Traditional
Science
articles
by citing
available
articles,
books, etc.
few data
about citations
and its
motivations
weak
Open Science
reusable
artifacts
making
relationships
and collecting
data about
tries and fails
immediate
signals on by
whom/how the
artifacts were
re-used
a strong form
based on
notifications
about re-use
and open
scientometrics
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TRADITIONAL SCIENCE
Scientists analyze artifacts and mentally make relationships
between them
Journals. articles, citations, reference
lists
Publishers
Open Science IT innovations
reading
articles artifacts
selection
Articles
To register in a
repository
smaller pieces of
research outputs
(artifacts) and
link them
semantically with
other artifacts
To express many
types of research
relationships
between
artifacts,
including
tries/fails data
and motivations
to use them
To get immediate
notifications
about using your
artifacts with
ability to react on
it
To collect
automatically
statistics,
process it and
update daily
scientometric
“portraits” of
scientists,
organizations
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OPEN SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY
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CRIS-CERIF
PLATFORM
Current Research Information System (CRIS) – a model to
build a complex and interoperable research information
system at national and organizational levels
Common European Research Information Format (CERIF) – a
research data model to design CRIS and interoperability
services
euroCRIS, www.eurocris.org – a professional association
supporting CRIS-CERIF development
CEMI RAS is a member of euroCRIS
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CERIF
Source: http://www.eurocris.org/Index.php?page=CERIFreleases&t=1
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SOCIONET.RU CRIS
DRIVEN BY SCIENTIFIC
COMMUNITY
• Collecting stats data and building scientometrics
• Tracing all changes and sending notifications
• Harvested from RePEc, CitEc and Socionet Personal Zone
• Harvested from RePEc, IR, RIS, CRIS and Socionet Personal Zone
Research objects
≈ 2m
Semantic linkages
≈ 6m
Statistics, indicators
Monitoring, notification
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INFORMATION OBJECTS
AT SOCIONET
Organization
Total number of linkages (ingoing,
outgoing), statistics,
other properties of related objects
Authors
Aggregated number of linkages (ingoing,
outgoing)
Aggregated statistics (downloads, views)
Research outputs
citations / references
downloads / views
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OPEN ACCESS BY
SOCIONET
Starting in 2000 Socionet provides for individual researchers and organizations many different tools:
• To deposit single materials of all traditional types: personal-organizational profiles, papers, articles, chapters, books, etc.
• To register new types of research outputs: citations, research artifacts (nano-publications)
• To make semantic linkages between objects for expressing research relationships between them
• To manage collections of materials, incl. in a form of institutional repositories (IR)
• To provide all collected metadata for its harvesting by OAI-PMH protocol in CERIF format, and many other.
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RUSSIAN OPEN ACCESS
REPOSITORIES AT ROAR
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OPEN RE-USE:
A SOCIONET APPROACH
Scientists use research outputs when they
mentally manipulate with it to discover
relationships and, if positive, thereby they re-use it
to produce a new scientific knowledge
Some of these relationships become visible in
scientists’ articles (e.g. by citations). Most of them
are directly not observable and may exist in a
mental form only
The Socionet provides tools to express explicitly
research relationships that allow a collecting of
statistics about scientists’ “tries and failures” and
about their motivations to re-use research outputs
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OBVIOUS USE CASES:
{PERSON, ORGANIZATION,
OUTPUT, ETC.}
"person" "organization“ ("employee", "head", "member", "director", etc.)
"person" "person“ ("manager", "supervisor", "mentor", etc.)
"person" "research output / project“ ("author", "editor", "reviewer", "translator", etc.)
"organization" "research output“ ("intellectual property rights claim", "publisher", "organizational author", etc.)
Linkage:
a position
Project
OrgUnit
Output
Person
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USE CASES OF A NEW
RESEARCH PRACTICE: {PERSON,
OUTPUT, ETC.}
Inference ("obtain background from", "updates", "used as evidence", "confirms", "qualifies")
Impact/usage ("contains assertion from", "uses data from", "uses method from", "corrects", "refutes")
Hierarchical and associative ("broader", "narrower", "related", "alternative to")
Components of scientific composition ("duplicate", "revised", etc)
Usage proposal (“can improve”, “can illustrate”, “can replace”, etc)
Linkage:
Relationship 1
Author 1
Output 2
Author 2
Output 1
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CHALLENGES: A NEW
RESEARCH PRACTICE
When authors register their RO as ready for use research artifacts they have to
• specify which RO they used as roots/basements, etc. for their outputs (backward links, e.g. citations)
• specify materials/scientist where/by whom the output could be used/reviewed (forward links to possible users)
Any researcher can express relationships (by semantic linkages) between any available RO
Authors of linked materials receive a notification about created links, and
• they can protest on or confirm with how the materials were used
• they can use suggested artifacts and link it with their materials, or can review it, or can ignore it
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CHALLENGES: A NEW
RESEARCH COMMUNICATION
• receive immediate signals
about which created RO,
how and by whom were
used
• request on using or
reviewing own RO by
linking it with other RO or
scientists’ profiles
• protest against usage
characteristics and/or
provide comments on it, or
do nothing
• ban requests from some
authors, or specify
personal reviewing rate, or
rewrite own artifacts by
using/citing suggested
artifacts
A cooperation between researchers becomes stronger
with better and faster coordination of individual activities
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OPEN RESEARCH ASSESSMENT:
A SOCIONET APPROACH
The Socionet system in everyday mode traces changes
in research objects and linkages, collects statistics and
produces scientometric data
We provide an open access to basic research
assessment data that improves the Science system
mechanisms (competition, reputation, selection,
cooperation, etc.)
It opens better conditions for self evaluation among
scientists and organizations
Organizations can use it to improve internal
motivations and stimulations for its researchers
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EXTENDED RESEARCH ASSESSMENT
DATA
Automatic daily gathering
and updating of scientometric
“portraits” of a scientist, a
department and an
organization
Quantitative indicators
• Numbers of created/used artifacts
and relationships
Qualitative indicators
• Statistical distributions (how
scientists, laboratory, organization
used research artifacts and how
the community used their research
outputs)
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NEW TOPICS FOR RESEARCH
ASSESSMENT
Metrics
Researcher
Scientific inference
metrics (obtain
background from,
updates, used as
evidence, confirms,
qualifies)
Research usage
metrics (contains
assertion from,
uses data from,
uses method from,
corrects, refutes)
Hierarchical and
associative metrics
(broader, narrower,
related, alternative
to)
Professional
opinion metrics
(responds
negatively to,
responds positively
to, responds
neutrally to)
Researcher’s
portrait by
outgoing
linkages
Which RO a
researcher
used as a
basement for
own RO
What RO a
researcher
used to
produce own
RO
How a
researcher
impacts on
science
corpus
What RO a
researcher
evaluated and
how
Researcher’s
portrait by
ingoing
linkages
Who/where/
how used
researcher’s
RO as a
basement
Who/where/
how used
researcher’s
RO to
produce RO
How
researcher’s
RO are
assigned with
science
corpus
What/whom
researcher’s
RO are
evaluated and
how
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CONCLUSION: OPEN SCIENCE
FOR RESEARCHERS
A research output gets a network form, researchers can work in incremental style
A researcher works within strong professional cooperation network
A public statistical portrait of a research output, a researcher, an organization becomes availabe
• views/downloads data
• ingoing/outgoing linkages
• a distribution of qualitative characteristics assigned with linkages
Researchers become more public figures
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CONCLUSION: OPEN SCIENCE
BUSINESS MODEL
Our model of the Open Science activity is based on:
1.open access to research outputs/artifacts, and we propose a way to overcome defects of commercial publishers and journals
2.open access to research outputs/artifacts usage data, and we provide a way how to make visual such data and collect it in a computer-readable form
3.open access to basic research assessment data, and we enforce the Science system mechanisms
Three types of openness create Open Science as a new research practice based on new scientific communications
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RELEVANT AUTHOR’S ARTICLES
Parinov S., Kogalovsky M. Semantic Linkages in Research Information Systems as a New Data Source for Scientometric Studies //Scientometrics. Springer Online First, 2013. DOI 10.1007/s11192-013-1108-3, http://socionet.ru/pub.xml?h=repec:rus:mqijxk:31&l=en
Parinov S. Open Repository of Semantic Linkages. In: Proceedings of 11th International Conference on Current Research Information Systems e-Infrastructure for Research and Innovations (CRIS 2012), Prague, 2012. http://socionet.ru/pub.xml?h=repec:rus:mqijxk:29&l=en
Parinov S. Towards a Semantic Segment of a Research e-Infrastructure: necessary information objects, tools and services. Metadata and Semantics Research, Communications in Computer and Information Science. J. M. Dodero, M. Palomo-Duarte, P. Karampiperis, Eds. Springer, vol. 343, 2012, pp. 133-145. http://socionet.ru/pub.xml?h= RePEc:rus:mqijxk:30&l=en
Parinov S. The electronic library: using technology to measure and support Open Science. In: Proceedings of the World Library and Information Congress: 76th IFLA General Conference and Assembly, Gothenburg, Sweden, August 10-15, 2010. http://www.ifla.org/files/hq/papers/ifla76/155-parinov-en.pdf
Parinov S. CRIS driven by research community: benefits and perspectives. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Current Research Information Systems. (2–5th June, pp. 119–130). Aalborg University, Denmark. 2010. http://socionet.ru/pub.xml?h=repec:rus:mqijxk:23&l=en