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Solution ChemistrySolution Chemistry
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Nature of Solutions Nature of Solutions
• Most substances are not pure, but Most substances are not pure, but rather, mixtures.rather, mixtures.
• Homogeneous mixtures are called Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions.solutions.
• Solutions can be solids, liquids, or gases.Solutions can be solids, liquids, or gases.
• Solute: smaller part, is dissolved.Solute: smaller part, is dissolved.
• Solvent: larger part, does the dissolving. Solvent: larger part, does the dissolving.
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Solid solutions are called alloys.
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What is the solute/solvent ineach of these solutions?
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The process of dissolving involves:1. The solvent particles completely surround the
solute.2. If the force of attraction between solute +
solvent > solute + solute, the solvent particles lift the solute away.
3. The solvent particles make space for the solute.
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NaCl solution
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Because the solute particles and the solvent particles must be similar chemically, polar solvents dissolve polar solutes and nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes or:
Like dissolves like
Which of the following will dissolve in water?
C2H5OH C2H2
HCl CO2
I2 CH3ClCH4 NH3
HF SO2
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What factors affect how easily one substancedissolves in another substance?
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• StirringStirring
• Increasing the surface areaIncreasing the surface area
• Increasing the temperatureIncreasing the temperature
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Unsaturated solution:
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Saturated solution:
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Supersaturated solution:
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