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Species Interactions Crash Course
Goal: By the end of this course you will understand how species interact in their ecosystems.
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Producer
An organism that uses sunlight’s energy, to make chemical energy.
• Producers use photosynthesis to make energy.• Is usually the prey
Examples: Seaweed, phytoplankton, grass, trees
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Consumer
Organisms that get there energy by eating or consuming other organisms.
• Have different categories Primary, Secondary, Teritiary
• Classified by there position in a feeding relationship.
Examples: deer, insects, and antelope
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Decomposer
An organism, usually a bacterial or fungus, that breaks down the cells of dead plants and animals into nutrients to be recycled for use again.
• Fungi is a primary decomposer • bacteria are important decomposers they are
widely disturbed and can break down.
Examples: worms, fungi
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Scavengers
Animals that eat the carcasses of other dead organisms.
• A cross between carnivores and herbivores.• Feeds off of dead flesh
Examples: Flesh Fly, Vultures, Wolves, Hyenas
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Cooperation
Cooperation is a friendly interaction inside a community.
• When organisms work together to benefit them all.
• Some predators cooperate when they hunt.
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Competition
Competition is the struggle between individuals or different populations for a limited resource (food, water, sunlight, space)
• Plants compete for light, space, and nutrients• Occurs between and within a species• Occurs between and within all species
populations that share the same resources
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Mutualism
Mutualism is the way two organisms of different species biologically interact in a relationship in which each individual derives a benefit.
• The Red Billed Ox Picker picks ticks off Impala’s coat.
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Commensalism
An interaction between 2 species in which one species benefits without harming the other.
• Very common in ocean ecosystems.• Not all commensalism relationships involve
food, some give protection.• For example some fish protect themselves by
swimming among the stinging tentacles of the moon jellyfish.
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Parasitism
A relationship between organisms of different species where one organism benefits at the expense of the other.
• Parasites impact the health of the host and can cause death
• Examples: Viruses, bacteria, hookworms
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Predator and Prey Interactions
• Predators can effect prey populations.
Examples: More wolves in an area, less deer
More primary consumers, less producers
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Game Directions
• Get the fortune teller • You will need your own piece of paper .• Choose a number on the top of the fortune teller.• After you have moved the fortune teller the
number of times you have to choose a number that’s inside and lift it up.
• Under it will be a question answer it on your paper.