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SPIRITUALITY AND MENTAL HEALTH. A NOVEL MODEL OF ETHICAL
FORMATION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS
Wojciech KOSMOWSKI1, Aleksander ARASZKIEWICZ1, Michał FRĄSZCZAK1, Maurycy ARASZKIEWICZ1
1Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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SPIRITUALITY − DEFINITIONS
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CHRISTIAN SPIRITUALITY− DEFINITION
• THE PATHTO THE UNION WITH CHRIST
(the shortest)
• THE FORM OF A SPIRITUAL LIFE OF A RELIGIOUS PERSON,
• AIMED AT THE UNION WITH GOD THROUGHJESUS CHRIST,
• SHAPED AND REALIZED ACCORDING TO HIS TEACHING, EXEMPLARY LIFE AND SALVIFIC WORK,
• INCLUDES ALL MANIFESTATIONS OF LIFECOMING WITHIN THE SCOPE OF CHRISTIAN ETHOS
(the most complete)
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Other definitions
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METHODS OF TEACHING
ETHICS
Education
Formation
Modelling
Indoctrination
Manipulation
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BYDGOSZCZ −CONCEPT
For medical students
Non-obligatory
Four lecturers
Five topics
30 hours
Collecting data
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TOPICS OF WORKSHOPS ON SPIRITUALITY AND PSYCHIATRY
• Spirituality in the historical and philosophical aspect
• Christian spirituality
• Paths of shaping spirituality − methods of formation
• Cultural psychiatry and religious beliefs. Possession and trance
• Spirituality and mental illnesses
30 hours, 5 topics
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CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICIPANTS
• 345 students
• medicine, years 2-5
• online survey afterwards
• survey participants – 61 students
• 2/3 women
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SURVEY RESULTS 1USEFULNESS IN PRACTICE
335
938
14 %
not at all somhow neutral rather extremely
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SURVEY RESULTS IIFORMS OF STUDENTS’ ACTIVITIES
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
discussion essay electronic presentation oral presentation
%
%
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SURVEY RESULTS IIIRESOURCES USED BY STUDENTS
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
44.5
books from syllabus borrowed books text websites picture websites AV movies
weighted average
weighted average
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EXAMPLES OF SLIDES
BY TUTORS
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Why does a doctor need spirituality?
• Better understanding of oneself• Better understanding of patients• The ability to distinguish what
belongs to psychopathology from what is associated with a different order
• The ability to properly assess what problem we face
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Carpatian HellDolor et Caritas
Wojciech Kossak, 1915
An ideal of spirituality in medicine?
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Role models for the doctor
Saint Luke Albert Schweitzer
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The essence of the medical spirituality
• Moral principle:• bonum faciendum, malum vitandum / salus aegroti suprema lex / primum non nocere
• Ontological principle: • to help a patient in need (treatment)
• to help a person keep and maintain health (preventive healthcare)
• Philosophical anthropology• When a man is a man?
• What are the essential features of humanity?
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Multidimensionalitycategories of problems based on the term ”alcoholism”
Type of problem Name of the problem Sources of definitions
Medical diseasedisordersymptom
researchersmedical practitioners
Legal vicefelonycrime
lawmakersprofessors of lawprosecutorsjudges and other legal practitioners
Social social pathologymaladjustment
ideologistsscientists (sociology, psychology, pedagogy)
Theological sinmoral flaw
TraditionHoly BibleChurch FathersApostolic FathersTeaching Authority of the Church - Magisteriumtheologians (spirituality, moral and other)priests
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Examples of student’s works
PDF, PPTX, MP4, DOC, etc.
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Task:Analysis of texts, pictures, movies
Distinctive features
What is more appealing: text,
picture, recording?
Words teach, examples attract (verba docet,
exempla trahunt)
Relations with medicine,
especially with psychiatry
Or maybe other examples – chosen
by students?
Working alone or in groups of 2-3
people
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Student’s works in the form of Word documents
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Analysis of movies – thematic channels on YouTube
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SPIRITUALITYAND PSYCHIATRY
– INTERPRETATIONOF IMAGES
PRADONATIONAL MUSEUM
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”The Resurrection of Lazarus”
Juan de Flandes 1510-18
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The three main characters depicted in the picture are: blessing Jesus, Lazarus rising from the grave and kneeling with his hands extended
Lazarus' sister – Martha.The whole situation takes place
in the cemetery with chapel ruins visible in the background.
A group of people standingin the gate and closely watching
the whole event are identifiedwith important Jewish priests.
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Who was Lazarus?
A friend of Jesus. A person wealthy, pious and extremely
smart. A mortal illness leads to his death, but after four days Jesus stays at Bethany and performs
the miracle of resurrection.The whole situation presented
in the Gospel of Saint John shows a strong bond connecting
Jesus with Lazarus.
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The painting depictingthe resurrection of Lazarus,
a deeply spiritual person who is close to the person of Jesus,
can become a picture with which patients can identify. They may think that their deep faith will be
rewarded by God, they will be healed, in other words they will not lose hope of recovery. The patient knows that nothing is impossible for God, and that his or her good
life can affect their future.
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Name and surname: ………..Year………, Group …….
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You cannot be a good doctor unless you are a good man (W. Biegański, +1917)
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SUMMARY
• The model of this course seems to be a valuable support in the ethical education of future doctors.
• It enables personal findings.
• It leads to discussion and exchange of values and thoughts.
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FUTURE DIRECTIONS
• Conducting similar classes for students of the medical faculty at various medical schools.
• Spirituality classes for students of different faculties.
• Improving the formula of classes.
• Gathering information about what is important for students in the process of forming their spirituality.