Telecommunications Communications Technologies
Spread Spectrum (DSSS/FHSS/CDMA)
Courseware Sample85031-F0
© Festo Didactic 85031-10 III
Safety and Common Symbols
Caution, risk of danger
Safety and Common Symbols
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Table of Contents
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Preface
Preface
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About This Manual
Manual Objective
Description
a In this manual, all New Terms are defined in the Glossary of New Terms. In addition, an index of New Terms is provided at the end of the manual.
About This Manual
XVI © Festo Didactic 85031-10
Safety considerations
Systems of units
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To the Instructor
Accuracy of measurements
Samples Exercises
Extracted from
the Student Manual
and the Instructor Guide
.
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Multiple Access in Wireless Communication Systems
WTWK
WT KWK WT K
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Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Exercise 1-2
EXERCISE OBJECTIVE
DISCUSSION OUTLINE
DISCUSSION
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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TT TKWT
TTK K
TK
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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WTTT
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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WTTT
Implementing CDMA Using DSSS Technology
K
K
K
KK
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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K
K
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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Pseudo-Random Code Sequences Used in DSSS Applications
MSL
nMSL
n
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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A A
p p
Autocorrelation and Cross-Correlation Functions of Code Sequences
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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n n
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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The Gold Code Generator
K
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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n
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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CDMA Cellular-Telephony Networks
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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The Near-Far Problem
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Discussion
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Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure Outline
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Set-up and connections
DSSS
b Exit File
Default
b Default
Transmitting Multiple Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Signals
Spreading Factor 1 DSSS Settings
DG1 Shift Register Length DSSS Settings
DG2 Shift Register Length DSSS Settings
PROCEDURE OUTLINE
PROCEDURE
File Restore Default Settings returns all settings to their default values, but does not deactivate activated faults.
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Oscilloscope
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ................ 500 mV/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ................ 500 mV/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ............ 500 mV/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ............................. Ch 1
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ................ 500 mV/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ................ 500 mV/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ............ 500 mV/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ............................. Ch 1
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Spectrum Analyzer
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ................ 500 mV/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ................ 500 mV/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ............ 500 mV/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ............................. Ch 1
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Memories
Maximum Input ............................ 0 dB Scale Type .................................... Log. Scale .................................. 10 dBV/div Averaging ........................................... 8 Frequency Span ................. 10 kHz/div Reference Frequency .................. 0 Hz
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Receiving Multiple Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Signals
b
Maximum Input ............................ 0 dB Scale Type .................................... Log. Scale .................................. 10 dBV/div Averaging ........................................... 8 Frequency Span ................. 10 kHz/div Reference Frequency .................. 0 Hz
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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RRC Filter DSSS Settings
a The data recovered at the DSSS Receiver Output is not aligned with the data input to Channel-1 of the DSSS Transmitter. This is normal and due to the delay caused by the transmission and reception of the DSSS signal.
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 2 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ....................... 2 V/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.5 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 2 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ....................... 2 V/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base .............................. 1 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ............................. Ch 1
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Interference Between Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Signals
DG1 Shift Register Length DSSS Settings
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 2 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ....................... 2 V/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base .............................. 1 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ............................. Ch 1
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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b
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ................ 200 mV/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible....................... ON Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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b
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ................ 200 mV/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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b
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ................ 200 mV/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ................ 200 mV/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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The Near-Far Problem
a The pseudo-random code sequences used in Channels 1 and 2 of the DSSS Transmitter are synchronous. The code sequences used in mobile stations are not usually synchronized with each other. This, however, does not prevent the near-far problem from being demonstrated.
GainChannel-1 Gain
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ................ 200 mV/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ................ 200 mV/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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b Channel-1 Gain
b
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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b Channel-1 Gain
b
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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BER Measurements
DG1 Shift Register Length DSSS Settings
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 1 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ................ 200 mV/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base ........................... 0.2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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b
Channel-1 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-1 Scale ....................... 2 V/div Channel-1 Visible ............................ On Channel-2 Coupling ........................ DC Channel-2 Scale ....................... 2 V/div Channel-2 Visible ............................ On Ext. Channel Coupling .................... DC Ext. Channel Scale ................... 5 V/div Ext. Channel Visible........................ On Time Base .............................. 2 ms/div Trigger Slope ............................. Rising Trigger Level .................................. 1 V Trigger Source ................................ Ext
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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DG1 Delay DSSS Settings
Reset
DSSS Settings Output Switch
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Procedure
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GainChannel-2 Gain
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Conclusion
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CONCLUSION
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Review Questions
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
Ex. 1-2 – Principles of Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Review Questions
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Unit 1 – Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Unit Test
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Unit Test
Unit 1 – Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Unit Test
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Unit 1 – Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Unit Test
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Bibliography
Digital Telephony
Spread Spectrum Systems – with Commercial Applications
IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000: Cellular/PCS Systems Implementation
Spread Spectrum Systems for GNSS and Wireless Communications
Spread Spectrum and CDMA – Principles and Applications
WCDMA Design Handbook
Principles of Spread-Spectrum Communication Systems