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Square Kilometer Array:
� Largest Radio Astronomy Telescope
• Over 1.000.000m2 antenna collecting area
• 50x more sensitive than worlds best Interferometer
• Up to 10.000 faster in survey speed
• Base lines up to 3000+ km.
• Frequency range: 50 MHz – 15 GHz
• Clear-aperture, offset-Gregorian optics design for Dish
• Real time signal processing (>100x )
Consortia: Canada, Europe, South Africa, Australia, India, China
Introduction
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The SKA will have: – up to 3000 dishes, with:
– wide band single pixel feeds– phased array feeds– ~1 GHz to >10 GHz
– up to 250 dense Aperture Array stations (56m diameter), with:– ~70,000 dual pol elements, so ~150,000
receiver chains,total 40 M elements
– ~400-~1400 MHz
– up to 250 sparse Aperture Array stations (180m diameter), with:– ~10,000 dual pol elements, so ~20,000
receiver chains, total 5 M elements – ~50-~450 MHz
SKA Summary
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South Africa (Cape Town) Precursors
Home to: 64x Meerkat190x SKA Dish-Mid and 250x SKA MFAA (AIP)Karoo
Single Point Feed Wideband
64x Meerkat13.5m diam
Vivaldi Array (Dense)Dual polarisation (MFAA)
SKA Sites
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SKA Sites
Footer text
Australia (Perth)
Home to: 36x ASKAP, 60x SKA Dish-Survey and 2.500.000x LFAA
Boolardy
36x ASKAP 12m diam
Phased Array Feed
Precursors CSIRO
Murchison Widefield Array128 x 16, 80 – 300 MHz (ICRAR)
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Using composite carbon fibre, single piece prototype (Canada)
SKA Dish Prototype
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� Airborne
� Satellites
� Wireless
� Short wave Propagation
RFI Challenge
� Over the horizon radar
� Equipment made RFI
� Frequency and time domain interferences
� Very High Spec on LNA ! !
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SKA Real Time Data
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• SKA 1 : 10% of full array– PDR e/o 2014– CDR e/o 2016– Procurements & Tenders 2017– SKA1 Construction 2018 - 2023– Integration of Precursors into SKA1 Array 2020
• Early Science 2020• Science program starts 2023
• SKA 2 : 100% of planned array– Detailed Design of SKA2 2018 – 2021– SKA2 Construction 2023 - 2030
Schedule
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Thank You
www.skatelescope.org
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SKA Baseline Frequency Coverage
SKA1_low911 stationsX 289 elements
SKA1_mid array190 SKA dishes (15m) +64 Meerkat (13.5m)dishes
SKA1_survey60 SKA dishes (15m) +38 ASKAP (12m)dishes
100MHz 300MHz 1GHz 3GHz 10GHz
1m 30cm 10cm 3cm3m
ν
λ
50 – 300MHz
350 – 1050MHz
.95 – 1.76 GHz
1.65 – 3.05 GHz
2.8 – 5.18 GHz
4.6 – 13.8 GHz
250 MHz
808 MHz
1403 MHz
2380 MHz
2500 MHz
2 x 2500 MHz
350 – 900MHz
650 – 1670MHz
1500 – 4000MHz
500 MHz
500 MHz
500 MHz
Band 1
Band 2
Band 3
Band 4
Band 5 X- Band
UHF- Band
L - Band
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DSN 70m Tsys=18 Ae/Ts= 145 year 1965Arecibo 305m Tsys=25 Ae/Ts= 1414 1970VLA 27x25m Tsys=32 Ae/Ts= 280 1982
GBT 100m Tsys=20 Ae/Ts= 285 2000ALMA 64x12m Tsys=50 Ae/Ts= 98 2013SKA 1km^2 Tsys=50 Ae/Ts= 20.000 2030
Comparison
Arecibo, Radio Telescope ALMA, mm and sub mm Telescope
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Comparison Imaging