‘Squeaky’ toys and the weak form of function words
TEFLEQUITYADVOCATES TWITTER
/ə/
From:Swan,M.andSmith,B.LearnerEnglish,SecondEdiDon,CambridgeUniversityPress,2001
Danish Swedish Norwegian Italian
Spanish Portuguese Greek Polish
Arabic Turkish Dravidianlanguages(≈ 12countries)
WestAfricanlanguages(5countries)
Swahili Japanese Chinese
From:Dellar,H.andWalkley,A.Innova0onsElementaryCoursebook.Thomson,2005.
From:Dellar,H.andWalkley,A.Innova0onsElementaryCoursebook.Thomson,2005.
By being unaware of the inner processes we lose an opportunity to interest learners in their own learning and in the discovery that they can rely on themselves more than they thought.
Underhill, A. Sound Foundations. MacMillan. 2005.
Didyouhearthesound‘schwa’?
Whatvoicedidyouhearinyourhead?Yourown
Yourpartner’s
Yourpartner’sthenyourown
Other
/baˈnana/
Retrievedfrom:pixabay.com
Retrievedfrom:pixabay.com
‘Colour Com’puter Infor’maMon
‘Salad Ba’nana
‘Lemon Po’lice
‘Shower
‘Parrot
‘Christmas
‘Carrot
‘Finland
‘Cinema
‘Circus
1. Where’s Kate’s dress/address? 2. Take that away/way. 3. The German teacher’s/teaches
English. 4. The officer’s/office’s here.
From: Hancock, M. English Pronunciation in Use Intermediate (Second edition), Cambridge University Press, 2012.
5. That’s a/our car.
Silvia
1. Where’s Kate’s -/ə? 2. Take that ə/-. 3. The German ə/ɪ English. 4. The ə/ɪ here.
Modified from: Hancock, M. English Pronunciation in Use Intermediate (Second edition), Cambridge University Press, 2012.
5. That’s з ə/ʌ a car.
Silvia
In each sentence there are two vowels which are not /ə/. Underline them.
1. from Canada to China 2. The parrot was asleep. 3. The cinema was open. 4. the photographer’s assistant 5. a question and an answer 6. a woman and her husband 7. a pasta salad
From: Hancock, M. English Pronunciation in Use Intermediate (Second edition), Cambridge University Press, 2012.
In each sentence/phrase there are two vowels which are not /ə/. Underline them.
1. from Canada to China 2. The parrot was asleep. 3. The cinema was open. 4. the photographer’s assistant 5. a question and an answer 6. a woman and her husband 7. a pasta salad
From: Hancock, M. English Pronunciation in Use Intermediate (Second edition), Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Retrievedfrom:pixabay.com
1. ……..…….borninSuomi,it…...……16th……..March.
2. It’s…...perfectplace…..…….if……lovenature.3. ……..………alsosee……….wildanimalslikeelks.
3.If…………lucky………………see..…..standingproudlyin……middle…….……road.
4.people…….built……saunaintheirhouses……intheirco[agesnear….lake……they…….swim……fish.
5.…….don’tpay…..go…..…….doctor…….textbooks……free……children……..school.
1. IwasborninSuomi,itwasthe16thofMarch.
2. It’stheperfectplaceforyouifyoulovenature.3. Youcanalsoseesomewildanimalslikeelks.
3.Ifyou’reluckyyoucanseethemstandingproudlyinthemiddleoftheroad.
4.Peoplehavebuiltasaunaintheirhousesandintheirco[agesnearthelakewheretheycanswimandfish.
5.Youdon’tpaytogotothedoctorandtextbooksarefreeforchildrenatschool.
Pronouns Adverbs VerbsLexical/full
Nouns AdjecMves
PreposiMonsInfiniMvemarker
Auxiliariesandlinkingverbs
ConjuncMons ArMcles Determiners
Pronouns Adverbs VerbsLexical/full
Nouns AdjecMves
IYouThem
PreposiMonsInfiniMvemarker
Auxiliariesandlinkingverbs
ConjuncMons ArMcles Determiners
ToForAtOf
WasAreCanHave
ButAndWhere
AThe
Some
IwasborninSuomiwhichistheFinnishnameforFinland.Itwasthe16thofMarchanditwasverycoldandsnowy,soIwastold.SuomiisaverybeauDfulcountry.It'stheperfectplaceforyouifyoulovenature.It’squiteasmallcountrywithonlyabout5millioninhabitants.YoucanalsoseesomewildanimalslikeelksinSuomi.Ifyou'reluckyyoucanseetheminaforestorstandingproudlyinthemiddleoftheroad.It’satypicallyFinnishtradiDon.Alotofpeoplehavebuiltasaunaintheirhousesandintheirco[agesnearthelakewheretheycanswimandfish.Thesocialsystemworksverywell.Youdon'tpaytogotothedoctorandtextbooksarefreeforchildrenatschool.Forkidsupto18alsothedenDstisfreewhichisagreathelpforparents.IfyouwanttoseetherealSuomidon'tstopinHelsinki,thecapitalcity,buttraveltothelakeareainthecentreortotheNorth.
Pronouns Adverbs VerbsLexical/full
Nouns AdjecMves
QuiteOnlyAlsoProudly
BornLoveSee
SuomiNameFinlandMarchCountryNatureInhabitantsAnimalsElks
ColdSnowySmallWildLucky
PreposiMonsInfiniMvemarker
Auxiliariesandlinkingverbs
ConjuncMons ArMcles Determiners
Word Strongform
Weakform
Word Strongform
Weakform
I aɪ ʌ Was wɒz wəz
You juː ju/jə Are ɑː ə
Them ðem ðəm/m Can kæn kən/kn
To tuː tʊ/tə Have hæv həv/əv
For fɔː fə A eɪ ə
At æt ət The ðiː ðɪ/ðə
Of ɒv əv Some sʌm səm/sm
But bʌt bət
And ænd ənd/ən/nd/n
Where weə we/wə
From:Field,J.ListeningintheLanguageClassroom.CambridgeUniversityPress,2008.
Fromthegreenhouse…
…tothegarden…
…tothejungle.
Cauldwell,R.Phonologyforlistening.SpeechinacDon,2013.Imagesfrom:pixabay.com
Bibliography
Brown, G. (1990 2nd ed.) Listening to Spoken English. Harlow: Longman Group Limited.
Cauldwell, R. (2013) Phonology for Listening. Birmingham: Speech in Action.
Celce-Murcia, M., Brinton, D. M. & Goodwin, J. M. (2010 2nd ed.) Teaching Pronunciation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dalton, C. & Seidlhofer, B. (1994) Pronunciation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dellar, H. & Walkley, A. (2005) Innovations. Elementary. Coursebook. London: Thomson.
Field, J. (2008) Listening in the Language Classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hancock, M. (2012 2nd ed.) English Pronunciation in Use. Intermediate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kelly, G. (2000) How to Teach Pronunciation. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
Marks, J. (2007) English Pronunciation in Use. Elementary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Marks, J. & Bowen, T. (2012) The book of Pronunciation. Peaslake: Delta Publishing.
Patsko, L. (2017) Pedagogy Pop-up: Everything you always wanted to know about teaching pronunciation* (*but were afraid to ask). Retrieved from: laurapatsko.wordpress.com
Roach, P. (2009 4th ed.) English Phonetics and Phonology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Roach, P., Setter, J. and Esling, J. (eds.) (2011 18th ed.) Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Swan, M. & Smith, B. (2011 2nd Ed.). Learner English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Underhill, A. (2005 2nd Ed.). Sound Foundations. Oxford: Macmillan Education.
Walker, R. (2010). Teaching the Pronunciation of English as a Lingua Franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wilson, J.J. (2008). How to Teach Listening. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.