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Standby Power and Energy Efficiency


Energy forms and conversions

• Energy : Capacity to do work

• Potential energy :

Stored type of energy

Gravitational

Mechanical Energy

Chemical Energy

Nuclear Energy

• Kinetic energy:

Form of movement

Motion

Thermal Energy

Radiant Energy

Sound

Electricity


Energy conversion

Energy Conversion in stages


• Conventional energy sources– Involves a combustion process– Depletion of natural resources like coal, oil, etc.– Major Air Pollution contributors

• Non conventional/Renewable energy sources– Combustion process not a must– Use Sun, wind, etc directly to produce power– Bio degradable wastes also can be used– Air pollution is avoided

Energy Sources


• Calorific value decides the efficiency of an energy source per unit weight

• Typical calorific values in kilo calories per kg

Energy Sources - Calorific Values

Fuel Calorific Value (kCal/kg)

Paraffin 10,400 Diesel Petroleum 9,800

Charcoal 7,100 Dried Wood 4,700

Lignite 4,000 Wood (25-30% Moisture) 3,500


Global Energy scenario

• Modern society today critically dependent on energy for its development

• Overrate of production and consumption of energy causing permanent damage to our natural habitat

• Measures are to be adopted by all sections of society: the government, utility companies, industries and individuals

How to contain waste, preserve the environment and stretch the inventory of current energy resources, until alternative renewable and more sustainable sources of energy are developed

• Energy efficiency :


Global Energy Scenario

• Energy classification:

Primary or Secondary

Commercial or Non-commercial

Renewable or non- renewable

• Global Primary Energy Reserves :

Coal

Oil

Gas


Climate change and environmental concerns

• Major environmental issues of global concern : Ozone Layer Depletion

Global Warming

Loss of Biodiversity

• Global Warming : • Present average global temperatures : 0.3–0.6°C warmer than a century ago

Industrial revolution

Human activities

Fossil fuel burning

Deforestation

Altered agricultural practices

• Causes:


Global warming potential (GWP)

• HFCs and PFCs Most heat absorbent

• Methane traps over 21 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide

• Nitrous oxide absorbs 270 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide

•Effects of Global warming :

Rise in global temperature

Rise in sea level

Food shortages


Loss of bio-diversity• Number of species of plant, animals, micro-organisms• Diversity of genes• Different eco-systems e.g. deserts, rain forests and coral reefs • Bio diversity boosts ecosystem productivity • Enables ecosystem to sustain itself against natural disasters• Strong link between bio-diversity and climate change• Global warming• Deforestation


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Download - Standby Power and Energy Efficiency

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