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Starting Windows NT An overview and introduction
Instructor: Professor: Dr. Anvari
Students: Li-Yen Chen & Chunwa (Joanna) Chan
Southeastern University
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Purposes and Goals
The goals of this presentation is to understand the following topics:
• General questions about Windows NT and Windows 95
- Comparison of Windows 95 and Windows NT
- Comparison of NT Server and Workstation
• Overview of the Architecture of Windows NT
• Overview of the Windows NT Networking system
• Tips about Windows NT
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What’s the differences between Win95/98 and Windows NT?
Windows 95/98
• File systems: FAT slow when file> 200mb
Index: Linked list
• Support only single processor
• Weaker security
Windows NT
• File systems: NTFS bigger partition, more secure
Index: B-tree
• Support both single and multiprocessors
• Stronger security
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Comparison of Windows 95 and NT Workstation
Application Support Windows95 Windows NT Workstation
Runs MS-DOS devicedriver
Yes No
Runs 16-bit Windows-based device drivers
Yes No
Recommended RAMfor running multipleapplications
16+ Mb 32+ Mb
Runs on PowerPC No Yes
Supportmultiprocessor
No Yes
Runs MS-DOSapplications
Yes Most
* Information sources: http://microsoft.com/NTWorkstation
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Application Support Windows95 Windows NT Workstation
Runs POSIX * 1003.1application
No Yes
Preemptivemultitasking for 32-bitWindows-basedapplication
Yes Yes
Preemptive *
multitasking for 16-bitWindows-basedapplication
No Yes
* POSIX: portable operation system interface based on Unix
* Preemptive multitasking: applications are forced to shared the CPU
(cooperative multitasking: each program can control the CPU as long
as it needs)
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Ease of Use Windows95 Windows NTworkstation
Next-generationWindows UserInterface
Yes Yes
Plug and Play(Hardwareautomatically anddynamicallyreconfigure thesystem)
Yes No
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Connectivity Windows95 Windows NTworkstation
LAN connectivity andpeer-to-peernetworking
Yes Yes
Built-in RemoteAccess Services
Yes Yes
Build-in e-mail andfax
Yes Fax support deliveredseparately
Build-in MicrosoftNetwork clientsoftware
Yes Delivered separately
* Peer-to-peer networking: all account administration is local to each
machine and that each machine maintains its own account database.
* Remote Access Services: services that allow the connection of the remote user.
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Comparison of NT Workstation and Sever
NT Workstation• support 2 processors
• 10 clients (max)
• remote access service *:
1 connection only
• suitable for Intranet
• Macintosh services: No
• Peer to peer Network
NT Sever• 4 processors
• Unlimited clients
• remote access service*:
255 connections
• suitable for Internet
• Macintosh services: Yes
• Server
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Windows NT Design Objectives
• Extensibility
Backoffice Suite (SQL Server, Exchange,..etc.)
• Portability (from one hardware to another)
Written by C, which is not hardware dependent
• Compatibility
DOS, Win16, Win32 and POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface based on UNIX) Compatible.
• Security
Security logon, Discretionary access control, Audit, Memory protection
• Performance
• Reliability and Robustness
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Windows NT Features
• Networking components
NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP, DLC, ApplTalk, PPTP, VLAN
• Internet/Intranet components
Internet Information Server (IIS), FTP server, gopher server.
• Interoperability components
Clients: DOS, Windows95/98, Windows NT workstation, Macintosh.
• Application-Enabling components
Support Inter Process Communication (IPC)
• Administrative components
Primary domain controller, backup domain controller, or standalone.
• Workstation components
A NT server can also be used as a workstation.
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Windows NT Architecture (1)
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Windows NT Architecture (2)
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Windows NT ArchitectureKernel mode• Hardware Abstraction Layer ( HAL) - Control all of the hardware access
- Platform-specific
- Protect subsystems and applications work through the executive to
access hardware
• Executive
- includes system services (called by the subsystem) and internal
routines (called by other executive components)
- each of the executive components is independent from the other.
- each component can be removed and replaced by new version.
User mode (composed of protected subsystems) - Each subsystem is protected one from another.
- When an application crash, will not take others down.
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Windows NT Scalability: ability to run multiprocessorNT uses Symmetric Multiprocessing
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Networking and Network protocol• Basic Networking Concepts
– Local area network (LAN)– Personal computer– Network cable– Network interface adapter– Networking protocol– Hub– Server– Client– Peer
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Windows 95Peer
Windows 95Peer
Network Cable
Windows 3.1Client
Windows 3.1Client
Windows 95Peer
Windows 95Peer
MacintoshClient
Hub Windows NTServer
Network Cable
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Networking and Network protocol
• Network Architecture– The physical layer
Network components: copper wire, fiber-optic cable(glass), radio wavers and so on
– The network layerSending the packets information over the physical layer
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Networking and Network protocol
• The Open Systems Interconnect(OSI) Model– Application Layer– Presentation Layer– Session Layer– Transport Layer– Network Layer– Data link Layer– Physical Layer
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Networking and Network protocol
• Windows NT Networking Components and boundary layers.– Programming interfaces (boundary)– File system drivers (component)– The transport driver interface(boundary)– transport protocol (component)– Network driver interface specification– Adapter driver(component)
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Networking and Network protocol
• Windows NT Server support Network Protocols– NetBEUI : NETBIOS Extended User Interface– IPX/SPX : Internetwork Packet eXchagne/Sequenced
Packet eXchange– TCP/IP : Transmission Control Protocol Internet
Protocol– DCL : Data Link Control– Apple Talk– Steams– PPTP : Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol
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Networking and Network protocol
• Features of TCP/IP– Broad connectivity among all types of computers and servers
– Direct access to the Internet
– Strong support for routing
– Simple SNMP support
– Support for DHCP to dynamically assign client IP address
– Support for the WINs to allow NetBIOS name resolution among Microsoft clients and servers.
– Support for most other Internet protocols such as HTTP, POP,
– Centralized TCP/IP domain assignment to allow internetworking between organizations
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Windows NT Network Security Models
• The Workgroup Security Model
• The Domain Security Model
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Windows NT Server Roles
• Primary Domain Controller
• Backup Domain Controller
• Server– Member Servers– Stand-Alone Servers
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Starting your Windows NT• Windows NT is strong in Security, performance, stability,
and networking, but ease of use and hardware configuration is not as good as Windows 95
• Notes: Install Windows:– Hardware Selection: Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)
– Choosing a File System: NTFS or FAT
– Choosing a Domain Role (PDC, BDC, Member sever)
• Tips: Microsoft strategy:– Windows 98/ NT Workstation take place of Windows 95
– NT Server compete with Unix
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References• Honeycutt J. 1999. Using Windows NT Server 4: Platinum
Edition.
• Donald, L. and J. Chellis. 1997. MCSE: NT Server 4 Enterprise Study Guide. 2nd Edition.
• Donald, L. and J. Chellis. 1997. MCSE: NT Server 4 Study Guide. 2nd Edition.
Links• Http://www2.pcworld.com/software/opsystems/articles/
• Http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/2735/whidvm.html
• Http://www.microsoft.com/windows/platform/info/how2choose-mb.htm
• Http://microsoft.com/NTWorkstation/Compare/Compare/Window95/