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SCHWINDT & CO. (503) 227-1165PAGE 1 of 28

STATE STREET CONDOMINIUMS HOMEOWNER'S ASSOCIATION

MAINTENANCE PLAN UPDATE

RESERVE STUDY

LEVEL III: UPDATE WITH NO VISUAL SITE INSPECTION

2017

www.schwindtco.com(503) 227-1165


STATE STREET CONDOMINIUMS HOMEOWNER'S ASSOCIATION

Executive Summary

Year of Report:

January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017

Number of Units:

10 Units

Parameters:

Beginning Balance: $25,788

Year 2017 Suggested Contribution: $7,348

Year 2017 Projected Interest Earned: $25

Inflation: 2.50%

Annual Increase to Suggested Contribution: 5.00%

Lowest Cash Balance Over 30 Years (Threshold): $13,654

Average Reserve Assessment per Unit: $61.23

Prior Year’s Actual Contribution: $7,348

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TABLE OF CONTENTSState Street Condominiums Homeowner's Association


Executive Summary 2 of 28

Disclosure Information 4 of 28

RESERVE STUDY

Property Description 7 of 28

Cash Flow Method - Threshold Funding Model Summary 8 of 28

Cash Flow Method - Threshold Funding Model Projection 9 of 28

Component Summary By Category 10 of 28

Component Summary By Group 11 of 28

Distribution by Percentage of Ideally Funded 12 of 28

Annual Expenditure Detail 13 of 28

Detail Report by Category 16 of 28

Additional Disclosures 25 of 28


State Street Condominiums Homeowner's AssociationReserve Study Update – Offsite

Disclosure Information2017

We have conducted an offsite reserve study update for the State Street Condominiums Homeowner's Association for the year beginning January 1, 2017, in accordance with guidelines established by Community Associations Institute and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

This reserve study and maintenance plan is in compliance with the legislative changes made in 2007 to ORS Chapters 94 and 100.

In addition to providing the reserve study, we also provide tax services to the Association.

Schwindt & Company believes that every association should have a complete building envelope inspection within 12 months of completion of all construction and again after 25 years of existence. This inspection must be performed by a licensed building envelope inspector. Ongoing inspections of the property should be performed by a licensed inspector, with the exception of a roof inspection which may be performed by a licensed roofing contractor.

Assumptions used for inflation, interest, and other factors are detailed in page 8. Income tax factors were not considered due to the uncertainty of factors affecting net taxable income and the election of tax form to be filed.

David T. Schwindt, the representative in charge of this report, is a designated Reserve Study Specialist, Professional Reserve Analyst, and Certified Public Accountant licensed in the states of Oregon, Washington, California, and Arizona.

A site visit has not been performed. All information regarding the useful life and cost of reserve components was derived from the Association, and/or from various construction pricing and scheduling manuals.

The terms RS Means, National Construction Estimator, and Fannie Mae Expected Useful Life Tables and Forms refer to construction industry estimating databases that are used throughout the industry to establish cost estimates and useful life estimates for common building components and products. We suggest that the Association obtain firm bids for these services.

Article 3, section 3.2 of the Association’s Declaration states, “each Unit shall include windows, window frames, exterior doors, door frames, and all other fixtures and improvements within the boundaries of the Unit.”

Article 4, section 4.2 of the Association’s Declaration states, “the cost of maintenance, repair, and replacement of the general common elements shall be a common expense, and the performance of such work shall be the responsibility of the Association. Although repair, maintenance, and replacement of doors and door frames and windows and window frames shall be the responsibility of individual owners, exterior painting shall be the responsibility of the Association.”

Article 5, section 5.2 of the Association’s Declaration states, “the cost of maintenance, repair, and replacement of the limited common elements shall be a common expense, and the performance of such work shall be the responsibility of the Association.”

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According to the Association, the insurance deductible is included in the operating budget.

We are not aware of any material issues which, if not disclosed, would cause a material distortion of this report.

This study does not include maintenance plan components which are required by state law effective January 1, 2006. The impact of this omission to reserve assessments is not determinable at this time. Once a maintenance plan is prepared, it should be incorporated into this study.

Certain information, such as the beginning balance of reserve funds and other information as detailed on the component detail reports, was provided by Association representatives and is deemed to be reliable by us. This reserve study is a reflection of the information provided to us and cannot be used for the purpose of performing an audit, a quality/forensic analysis, or background checks of historical records.

Site visits should not be considered a project audit or quality inspection of the Association’s property.

Certain costs outlined in the reserve study are subjective and, as a result, are for planning purposes only. The Association should obtain firm bids at the time of work. Actual costs will depend upon the scope of work as defined at the time the repair, replacement, or restoration is performed. All estimates relating to future work are good faith estimates and projections are based on the estimated inflation rate, which may or may not prove accurate. All future costs and life expectancies should be reviewed and adjusted annually.

This reserve study, unless specifically stated in the report, assumes no fungi, mold, asbestos, lead paint, urea-formaldehyde foam insulation, termite control substances, other chemicals, toxic wastes, radon gas, electro-magnetic radiation or other potentially hazardous materials (on the surface or sub-surface), or termites on the property. The existence of any of these substances may adversely affect the accuracy of this reserve study. Schwindt & Company assumes no responsibility regarding such conditions, as we are not qualified to detect substances, determine the impact, or develop remediation plans/costs.

Since destructive testing was not performed, this reserve study does not attempt to address latent and/or patent defects. Neither does it address useful life expectancies that are abnormally short due either to improper design, installation, nor to subsequent improper maintenance. This reserve study assumes all components will be reasonably maintained for the remainder of their life expectancy.

Physical Analysis:

New projects generally include information provided by developers and/or refer to drawings.

Full onsite reserve studies generally include field measurements and do not include destructive testing. Drawings are usually not available for existing projects.

Onsite updates generally include observations of physical characteristics, but do not include field measurements.

Please note that the Association has not had a complete building envelope inspection. The effects of not having information relating to this inspection are not known.

The client is considered to have deemed previously developed component quantities as accurate and reliable. The current work is reliant on the validity of prior reserve studies.

This reserve study should be reviewed carefully. It may not include all common and limited common element components that will require major maintenance, repair, or replacement in future years, and may not include regular contributions to a reserve account for the cost of such maintenance, repair, or replacement. The failure to include a component in a reserve study, or to provide contributions to a reserve account for a component, may, under some circumstances, require homeowners to pay on demand (as a special assessment) their share of common expenses for the cost of major maintenance, repair, or replacement of a reserve component.

State Street Condominiums Homeowner's Association Category Detail Index


Asset IDDescription Replacement Page

Roofing1010 Composition Roof Replacement 2030 16 of 28

Painting1008 Painting: Exterior and Hallways 2020 17 of 28

Building Components1011 Brick Sealing 2020 18 of 281014 Plumbing Line Repair/Replace 2017 18 of 281009 Plumbing Lines: Repair/Upgrades 2030 18 of 28

Gutters and Downspouts1007 Gutters & Downspouts 2030 20 of 28

Streets/Asphalt1002 Asphalt Overlay 2029 21 of 281001 Asphalt Seal Coat 2019 21 of 28

Lighting1005 Electrical Wiring & Lighting Fixtures Replacement 2030 22 of 28

Grounds Components1004 Courtyard Replacement 2030 23 of 28

Inspections1015 Building Envelope Inspection 2027 24 of 281006 Exterior & Structural Inspection 2020 24 of 28

Total Funded Assets 12Total Unfunded Assets 0Total Assets 12

State Street Condominiums Homeowner's Association Property Description


State Street Condominiums Homeowner's Association consists of three buildings with 10 units located in Lake Oswego, Oregon. The 10 Condominium Units are located in Buildings 1 and 2. Buildings 1 and 2 are connected and appear to be one continuous building, and the buildings share a common basement. Buildings 1 and 2 are both 2-stories above grade, with a basement level, are of wood frame construction and concrete masonry, with composition roofs. Building 3 consists of covered parking, is one-story above grade with no basement, and is of wood frame construction with a composition roof. No Units are located in Building 3. The property was constructed in the year 1940 and was converted to condominiums in 2005.

The Association shall provide exterior improvements upon each unit, such as paint, maintenance, repair and replacement of roofs, gutters, downspouts, and exterior building surfaces. The individual homeowners are responsible for all maintenance and repair of their home.

This study uses information supplied by the Association, and various construction pricing and scheduling manuals to determine useful lives and replacement costs. At the time of the original study, the property was under construction. No site visit has been performed.

Schwindt & Co did not investigate components for defects, materials, design or workmanship. This would ordinarily be considered in a complete building envelope inspection. Our condition assessment considers if the component is wearing as intended. All components are considered to be in fair condition and appear

Funds are being accumulated in the replacement fund based on estimates of future need for repairs and replacement of common property components. Actual expenditures, investment income and provisions for income taxes however, may vary from estimated amounts and the variations may be material. Therefore, amounts accumulated in the replacement fund may not be adequate to meet future funding needs.

If additional funds are needed, the Association has the right, subject to Board approval, to increase regular assessments or levy special assessments, or it may delay repairs or replacements until funds are available.

State Street Condominiums Homeowner's AssociationLake Oswego, Oregon

Cash Flow Method - Threshold Funding Model Summary


Report Date March 08, 2017Account Number 2state

Budget Year Beginning January 01, 2017Budget Year Ending December 31, 2017

Total Units 10

Report Parameters

Inflation 2.50%Annual Assessment Increase 5.00%Interest Rate on Reserve Deposit 0.10%

2017 Beginning Balance $25,788

Threshold Funding Fully Reserved Model Summary

This study utilizes the cash flow method and the threshold funding model, which establishes a reserve funding goal that keeps the reserve balance above a specified dollar or percent funded amount. The threshold method assumes that the threshold method is funded with a positive threshold balance, therefore, "fully reserved".

The following items were not included in the analysis because they have useful lives greater than 30 years: grading/drainage; foundation/footings; storm drains; telephone, cable, and internet lines.

This funding scenario begins with a contribution of $7,348 in 2017 and increases 5.00% each year for the remaining years of the study. A minimum balance of $13,654 is maintained.

The reserve study cash flow model includes an annual increase in the required contribution over the 30 year period. Since the current Board and membership only has the authority to obligate the Association for the current budget year, the cash flow model relies on the actions of future Boards to adhere to the required increase in the annual reserve contribution. Because of the possibility that future Boards, due to budgetary constraints, are not able to increase the reserve contribution to the required amount to provide for adequate funding, the Association may be at risk in the future of special assessing the members to fund needed expenditures.

The purpose of this study is to insure that adequate replacement funds are available when components reach the end of their useful life. Components will be replaced as required, not necessarily in their expected replacement year. This analysis should be updated annually.

Cash Flow Method - Threshold Funding Model Summary of Calculations

Required Month Contribution $612.33$61.23 per unit monthly

Average Net Month Interest Earned $2.04Total Month Allocation to Reserves $614.38

$61.44 per unit monthly


Cash Flow Method - Threshold Funding Model Projection


Beginning Balance: $25,788Projected

Annual Annual Annual EndingYear Contribution Interest Expenditures Reserves

2017 7,348 25 5,253 27,9072018 7,715 32 35,6552019 8,101 39 1,418 42,3762020 8,506 28 18,779 32,1322021 8,932 37 41,1012022 9,378 46 50,5252023 9,847 56 60,4282024 10,339 66 70,8332025 10,856 72 5,104 76,6572026 11,399 83 88,1392027 11,969 75 19,201 80,9822028 12,568 88 93,6382029 13,196 90 10,625 96,2992030 13,856 7 96,508 13,6542031 14,549 20 1,908 26,3152032 15,276 35 41,6252033 16,040 50 57,7152034 16,842 55 11,412 63,2002035 17,684 68 4,428 76,5242036 18,568 87 95,1792037 19,496 104 2,212 112,5672038 20,471 124 133,1622039 21,495 145 154,8012040 22,570 150 17,536 159,9842041 23,698 159 13,565 170,2762042 24,883 184 195,3432043 26,127 207 2,565 219,1112044 27,433 234 246,7792045 28,805 257 5,669 270,1722046 30,245 287 300,704

State Street Condominiums Homeowner's Association Component Summary By Category


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RoofingComposition Roof Replacement 2005 2030 25 0 13 5,000 SF 3.78 18,900 Roofing - Total $18,900

PaintingPainting: Exterior and Hallways 2005 2020 7 8 3 1 Total 7,500.00 7,500 Painting - Total $7,500

Building ComponentsBrick Sealing 2005 2020 10 5 3 1 Total 7,098.47 7,098Plumbing Line Repair/Replace 1940 2017 50 27 0 1 Total 5,253.12 5,253Plumbing Lines: Repair/Upgrades 1940 2030 25 65 13 1 Total 7,098.47 7,098 Building Components - Total $19,450

Gutters and DownspoutsGutters & Downspouts 2005 2030 25 0 13 1 Total 5,678.79 5,679 Gutters and Downspouts - Total $5,679

Streets/AsphaltAsphalt Overlay 2005 2029 24 0 12 5,000 SF 1.58 7,900Asphalt Seal Coat 2013 2019 6 0 2 5,000 SF 0.27 1,350 Streets/Asphalt - Total $9,250

LightingElectrical Wiring & Lighting Fixtures Repl.. 2005 2030 25 0 13 1 Total 21,295.44 21,295 Lighting - Total $21,295

Grounds ComponentsCourtyard Replacement 2005 2030 25 0 13 1 Total 7,098.47 7,098 Grounds Components - Total $7,098

InspectionsBuilding Envelope Inspection 2005 2027 25 -3 10 1 Total 7,500.00 7,500Exterior & Structural Inspection 2015 2020 5 0 3 1 Total 2,839.39 2,839 Inspections - Total $10,339

Total Asset Summary $99,512

State Street Condominiums Homeowner's Association Component Summary By Group


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CapitalAsphalt Overlay 2005 2029 24 0 12 5,000 SF 1.58 7,900Composition Roof Replacement 2005 2030 25 0 13 5,000 SF 3.78 18,900Courtyard Replacement 2005 2030 25 0 13 1 Total 7,098.47 7,098Electrical Wiring & Lighting Fixtures Repl.. 2005 2030 25 0 13 1 Total 21,295.44 21,295Gutters & Downspouts 2005 2030 25 0 13 1 Total 5,678.79 5,679 Capital - Total $60,873

Non-CapitalAsphalt Seal Coat 2013 2019 6 0 2 5,000 SF 0.27 1,350Brick Sealing 2005 2020 10 5 3 1 Total 7,098.47 7,098Building Envelope Inspection 2005 2027 25 -3 10 1 Total 7,500.00 7,500Exterior & Structural Inspection 2015 2020 5 0 3 1 Total 2,839.39 2,839Painting: Exterior and Hallways 2005 2020 7 8 3 1 Total 7,500.00 7,500Plumbing Line Repair/Replace 1940 2017 50 27 0 1 Total 5,253.12 5,253Plumbing Lines: Repair/Upgrades 1940 2030 25 65 13 1 Total 7,098.47 7,098 Non-Capital - Total $38,639

Total Asset Summary $99,512

State Street Condominiums Homeowner's Association Distribution by Percentage of Ideally Funded


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Roofing

Composition Roof Replacement 13 3,611 1,139 4 4,754 Roofing - Total $3,611 $1,139 $4 $4,754

Painting

Painting: Exterior and Hallways 3 2,388 754 3 3,144 Painting - Total $2,388 $754 $3 $3,144

Building Components

Brick Sealing 3 2,260 713 2 2,976Plumbing Line Repair/Replace 0 4,591 660 2 5,253 0Plumbing Lines: Repair/Upgrades 13 2,417 763 3 3,182 Building Components - Total $9,269 $2,136 $7 $5,253 $6,158

Gutters and Downspouts

Gutters & Downspouts 13 1,085 342 1 1,428 Gutters and Downspouts - Total $1,085 $342 $1 $1,428

Streets/Asphalt

Asphalt Overlay 12 1,572 496 2 2,070Asphalt Seal Coat 2 358 113 472 Streets/Asphalt - Total $1,930 $609 $2 $2,542

Lighting

Electrical Wiring & Lighting Fixtures Repl.. 13 4,068 1,284 4 5,357 Lighting - Total $4,068 $1,284 $4 $5,357

Grounds Components

Courtyard Replacement 13 1,356 428 1 1,786 Grounds Components - Total $1,356 $428 $1 $1,786

Inspections

Building Envelope Inspection 10 1,628 514 2 2,144Exterior & Structural Inspection 3 452 143 595 Inspections - Total $2,080 $656 $2 $2,739

Grand - Total $25,788 $7,348 $25 $5,253 $27,907


Annual Expenditure Detail


Description Expenditures

Replacement Year 2017Plumbing Line Repair/Replace 5,253

Total for 2017 $5,253

No Replacement in 2018

Replacement Year 2019Asphalt Seal Coat 1,418

Total for 2019 $1,418

Replacement Year 2020Brick Sealing 7,644Exterior & Structural Inspection 3,058Painting: Exterior and Hallways 8,077

Total for 2020 $18,779

No Replacement in 2021No Replacement in 2022No Replacement in 2023No Replacement in 2024

Replacement Year 2025Asphalt Seal Coat 1,645Exterior & Structural Inspection 3,460

Total for 2025 $5,104


Replacement Year 2027Building Envelope Inspection 9,601Painting: Exterior and Hallways 9,601

Total for 2027 $19,201


Replacement Year 2029Asphalt Overlay 10,625





Replacement Year 2030Brick Sealing 9,785Composition Roof Replacement 26,054Courtyard Replacement 9,785Electrical Wiring & Lighting Fixtures Replacement 29,356Exterior & Structural Inspection 3,914Gutters & Downspouts 7,828Plumbing Lines: Repair/Upgrades 9,785

Total for 2030 $96,508


Total for 2031 $1,908

No Replacement in 2032No Replacement in 2033

Replacement Year 2034Painting: Exterior and Hallways 11,412

Total for 2034 $11,412

Replacement Year 2035Exterior & Structural Inspection 4,428

Total for 2035 $4,428



Total for 2037 $2,212

No Replacement in 2038No Replacement in 2039

Replacement Year 2040Brick Sealing 12,526





Replacement Year 2040 continued...Exterior & Structural Inspection 5,010

Total for 2040 $17,536

Replacement Year 2041Painting: Exterior and Hallways 13,565

Total for 2041 $13,565



Total for 2043 $2,565


Replacement Year 2045Exterior & Structural Inspection 5,669

Total for 2045 $5,669


Detail Report by Category


Composition Roof Replacement

Asset ID 1010Capital

RoofingPlaced in Service July 2005

Useful Life 25Replacement Year 2030

Remaining Life 13

5,000 SF @ $3.78Asset Cost $18,900.00

Percent Replacement 100%Future Cost $26,053.86

This provision provides funding for replacement of the composition roof.

The developer provided an estimated area of 5,000 square feet.

The cost is based on a per square foot estimate provided by Gresham Roofing.

The useful life assumption is based on estimates established on RS Means and/or the National Estimator.

The Association will need to firm up cost with a bid.

Roofing - Total Current Cost $18,900




Painting: Exterior and Hallways

Asset ID 1008Non-Capital

PaintingPlaced in Service July 2005

Useful Life 7Adjustment 8

Replacement Year 2020Remaining Life 3

1 Total @ $7,500.00Asset Cost $7,500.00


This provision provides funding for painting of the exterior and the common area hallways per the developer. This has been delayed to 2017 per the Association.

The developer provided a cost of $7,000 with a useful life of 7 years in 2005. This has been delayed to 2020 by the Association at a cost of $7,500.

Painting - Total Current Cost $7,500




Brick Sealing


Building ComponentsPlaced in Service July 2005



1 Total @ $7,098.47Asset Cost $7,098.47


This provision provides funding for sealing of the brick.

The developer provided a cost of $5,000 every 10 years in 2005. This has been moved to 2020 by the Association.

Plumbing Line Repair/Replace


Building ComponentsPlaced in Service January 1940



1 Total @ $5,253.12Asset Cost $5,253.12


This provision is for a plumbing repairs and replacements to occur. We recommend the Association engage a company to perform an inspection on the plumbing system to determine the current condition. The reserve study should be updated once the results of are known.

Plumbing Lines: Repair/Upgrades


Building ComponentsPlaced in Service July 1940



1 Total @ $7,098.47Asset Cost $7,098.47


This provision provides funding for repair or upgrade to any common area sewer or water lines




Plumbing Lines: Repair/Upgrades continued...

per the developer.

The developer provided a cost of $5,000 with a useful life of 25 years in 2005.

Building Components - Total Current Cost $19,450




Gutters & Downspouts


Gutters and DownspoutsPlaced in Service July 2005


Remaining Life 13

1 Total @ $5,678.79Asset Cost $5,678.79


This provision provides funding for replacement of the gutters and downspouts per the developer.

This item usually has a useful life over 30 years; however, it is reduced to 25 years to coincide with roof replacement.

The developer provided a cost of $4,000 in 2005.

Gutters and Downspouts - Total Current Cost $5,679




Asphalt Overlay


Streets/AsphaltPlaced in Service July 2005


Remaining Life 12

5,000 SF @ $1.58Asset Cost $7,900.00


This component provides funding for asphalt overlay.

The developer provided an area of 5,000 square feet.

The cost is based on a per square foot estimate provided by Coast Pavement.

The useful life assumption is based on estimates established on RS Means and/or the National Estimator.


Asphalt Seal Coat


Streets/AsphaltPlaced in Service July 2013


Remaining Life 2

5,000 SF @ $0.27Asset Cost $1,350.00


This component provides funding for seal coating the asphalt area.

Coast Services Paving estimated that seal coat should occur every three to five years. The life has been extended due to minimal traffic.

The developer provided an area of 5,000 square feet.

The cost is based on a per square foot estimate provided by Coast Pavement.


Streets/Asphalt - Total Current Cost $9,250




Electrical Wiring & Lighting Fixtures Replacement


LightingPlaced in Service July 2005


Remaining Life 13

1 Total @ $21,295.44Asset Cost $21,295.44


This provision provides funding for replacement of the exterior lighting fixtures and electrical wiring. Exterior lighting includes the common hallway lights, parking area lights, and exterior building lights per the developer.

The developer provided an estimated cost of $15,000 in 2005 with a useful life of 25 years.

Lighting - Total Current Cost $21,295




Courtyard Replacement


Grounds ComponentsPlaced in Service July 2005


Remaining Life 13

1 Total @ $7,098.47Asset Cost $7,098.47


This component provides funding for replacement of the courtyard.

The developer provided an estimated cost of $5,000 in 2005 with a useful life of 25 years.

Grounds Components - Total Current Cost $7,098




Building Envelope Inspection

Asset ID 1015Non-CapitalInspections

Placed in Service July 2005Useful Life 25Adjustment -3


1 Total @ $7,500.00Asset Cost $7,500.00


This provision is for a building envelope inspection. The reserve study should be updated once the results are known.

Exterior & Structural Inspection

Asset ID 1006Non-CapitalInspections

Placed in Service July 2015Useful Life 5


1 Total @ $2,839.39Asset Cost $2,839.39


This provision provides funding for an exterior and structural inspection of the building including the siding and roofing by a professional engineer or building science engineer.

The Association will need to firm up this cost with a bid.

This has been delated to 2020 by the Association.

Inspections - Total Current Cost $10,339


Additional Disclosures

Levels of Service

The following three categories describe the various types of Reserve Studies from exhaustive to minimal.

I. Full: A Reserve Study in which the following five Reserve Study tasks are performed: ■ Component Inventory ■ Condition Assessment (based upon on-site visual observations) ■ Life and Valuation Estimates ■ Fund Status ■ Funding Plan

II. Update, With Site Visit/On-Site Review: A Reserve Study update in which the following five Reserve

Study tasks are performed: ■ Component Inventory (verification only, not quantification) ■ Condition Assessment (based on on-site visual observations) ■ Life and Valuation Estimates ■ Fund Status ■ Funding Plan

III. Update, No Site Visit/Off Site Review: A Reserve Study update with no on-site visual observations in

which the following three Reserve Study tasks are performed: ■ Life and Valuation Estimates ■ Fund Status ■ Funding Plan

Terms and Definitions

CASH FLOW METHOD: A method of developing a reserve Funding Plan where contributions to the reserve

fund are designed to offset the variable annual expenditures from the reserve fund. Different reserve Funding

Plans are tested against the anticipated schedule of reserve expenses until the desired Funding Goal is achieved.

COMPONENT: The individual line items in the Reserve Study developed or updated in the Physical Analysis.

These elements form the building blocks for the Reserve Study. Components typically are: 1) association

responsibility; 2) with limited Useful Life expectancies; 3) predictable Remaining Useful Life expectancies; 4)

above a minimum threshold cost; and 5) as required by local codes.

COMPONENT INVENTORY: The task of selecting and quantifying reserve Components. This task can be

accomplished through on-site visual observations, review of association design and organizational documents, a

review of established association precedents, and discussion with appropriate association representative(s) of

the Association or cooperative.

COMPONENT METHOD: A method of developing a reserve Funding Plan where the total contribution is


based on the sum of contributions for individual Components. See Cash Flow Method.

CONDITION ASSESSMENT: The task of evaluating the current condition of the Component based on

observed or reported characteristics.

CURRENT REPLACEMENT COST: See Replacement Cost.

DEFICIT: An actual or projected Reserve Balance that is less than the Fully Funded Balance. The opposite

would be a Surplus.

EFFECTIVE AGE: The difference between Useful Life and Remaining Useful Life. Not always equivalent to

chronological age since some Components age irregularly. Used primarily in computations.

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: The portion of a Reserve Study where current status of the reserves (measured as

cash or Percent Funded) and a recommended reserve contribution rate (reserve Funding Plan) are derived, and

the projected reserve income and expense over time is presented. The Financial Analysis is one of the two parts

of a Reserve Study.

FULLY FUNDED: 100% Funded. When the actual or projected Reserve Balance is equal to the Fully Funded

Balance.

FULLY FUNDED BALANCE (FFB): Total accrued depreciation, an indicator against which actual or

projected Reserve Balance can be compared. The Reserve Balance that is in direct proportion to the fraction of

life “used up” of the current repair or Replacement Cost. This number is calculated for each Component, then

added together for an association total. Two formulas can be utilized, depending on the provider’s sensitivity to

interest and inflation effects. Note: Both yield identical results when interest and inflation are equivalent.

FFB = Current Cost X Effective Age / Useful Life

or

FFB = (Current Cost X Effective Age / Useful Life) + [(Current Cost X Effective Age /

Useful Life) / (1 + Interest Rate) ^ Remaining Life] - [(Current Cost X Effective Age / Useful

Life) / (1 + Inflation Rate) ^ Remaining Life]

FUND STATUS: The status of the reserve fund as compared to an established benchmark such as percent

funding. The Association appears to be adequately funded as the threshold method.

FUNDING GOALS: Independent of methodology utilized, the following represent the basic categories of

Funding Plan goals:

■ Baseline Funding: Establishing a reserve funding goal of keeping the reserve cash balance above zero.

■ Full Funding: Setting a reserve funding goal of attaining and maintaining reserves at or near 100%

funded.


■ Statutory Funding: Establishing a reserve funding goal of setting aside the specific minimum amount of

reserves required by local statues.

■ Threshold Funding: Establishing a reserve funding goal of keeping the Reserve Balance above a

specified dollar or Percent Funded amount. Depending on the threshold, this may be more or less

conservative than fully funding.

FUNDING PLAN: An association’s plan to provide income to a reserve fund to offset anticipated expenditures

from that fund.

FUNDING PRINCIPLES: ■ Sufficient Funds When Required ■ Stable Contribution Rate over the Years ■ Evenly Distributed Contributions over the Years ■ Fiscally Responsible

LIFE AND VALUATION ESTIMATES: The task of estimating Useful Life, Remaining Useful Life, and

repair or Replacement Costs for the reserve Components.

PERCENT FUNDED: The ratio at a particular point of time (typically the beginning of the Fiscal Year) of the

actual or projected Reserve Balance to the Fully Funded Balance, expressed as a percentage.

PHYSICAL ANALYSIS: The portion of the Reserve Study where the Component Inventory, Condition

Assessment, and Life and Valuation Estimate tasks are performed. This represents one of the two parts of the

Reserve Study.

REMAINING USEFUL LIFE (RUL): Also referred to as “Remaining Life” (RL). The estimated time, in years,

that a reserve Component can be expected to continue to serve its intended function. Projects anticipated to

occur in the initial year have “zero” Remaining Useful Life.

REPLACEMENT COST: The cost of replacing, repairing, or restoring a reserve Component to its original

functional condition. The Current Replacement Cost would be the cost to replace, repair, or restore the

Component during that particular year.

RESERVE BALANCE: Actual or projected funds as of a particular point in time that the Association has

identified for use to defray the future repair or replacement of those major Components which the Association is

obligated to maintain. Also known as reserves, reserve accounts, or cash reserves. Based upon information

provided and not audited.

RESERVE PROVIDER: An individual that prepares Reserve Studies.

RESERVE STUDY: A budget planning tool which identifies the current status of the reserve fund and a stable

and equitable Funding Plan to offset the anticipated future major common area expenditures. The Reserve Study

consists of two parts: the Physical Analysis and the Financial Analysis.


RESPONSIBLE CHARGE: A reserve specialist in Responsible Charge of a Reserve Study shall render regular and effective supervision to those individuals performing services which directly and materially affect the quality and competence rendered by the reserve specialist. A reserve specialist shall maintain such records as are reasonably necessary to establish that the reserve specialist exercised regular and effective supervision of a Reserve Study of which he was in Responsible Charge. A reserve specialist engaged in any of the following acts or practices shall be deemed not to have rendered the regular and effective supervision required herein:

■ The regular and continuous absence from principal office premises from which professional services are rendered, except for performance of field work or presence in a field office maintained exclusively for a specific project;

■ The failure to personally inspect or review the work of subordinates where necessary and appropriate;

■ The rendering of a limited, cursory, or perfunctory review of plans or projects in lieu of an appropriate detailed review;

■ The failure to personally be available on a reasonable basis or with adequate advance notice for consultation and inspection where circumstances require personal availability.

SPECIAL ASSESSMENT: An assessment levied on the members of an association in addition to regular assessments. Special Assessments are often regulated by governing documents or local statutes.

SURPLUS: An actual or projected Reserve Balance greater than the Fully Funded Balance.The opposite would be a Deficit.

USEFUL LIFE (UL): Total Useful Life or depreciable life. The estimated time, in years, that a Reserve Component can be expected to serve its intended function if properly constructed in its present application or installation.

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