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December, 2015
State-wise comparison of characteristics
of domestic trips in India – A study based
on Domestic Tourism Survey, 2008-09
Study Commissioned by Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
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Regional Tourism Satellite Account
Puducherry, 2009-10
Study Commissioned by the
Ministry of Tourism, Government of India
Prepared by:
National Council of Applied Economic Research
Parisila Bhawan, 11 I. P. Estate, New Delhi – 110002.
India
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© National Council of Applied Economic Research, 2014
All rights reserved. The material in this publication is copyrighted. NCAER encourages the
dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work
promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request
with complete information to the publisher below.
Published by
Anil Kumar Sharma Acting Secretary, NCAER National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) Parisila Bhawan, 11, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi–110 002 Email: [email protected]
Disclaimer: The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed are those of the
authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Governing Body of NCAER.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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STUDY TEAM
Project Leader
Poonam Munjal
Senior Advisor
Ramesh Kolli
Core Research Team
K. A. Siddiqui
Amit Sharma
Monisha Grover
Shashi Singh
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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PREFACE
This is the second in a series of reports that NCAER, the National Council of
Applied Economic Research, has been doing on detailed tourism satellite accounts
for the states and union territories of India. With the tremendous growth of the
Indian service sector, tourism as a location-specific economic activity is important at
the sub-national level. This is true for both tourism’s contribution to national income
and to employment. With 29 states, many larger in population than most countries
in the world, it is important to measure tourism activity within states through the
compilation of State Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSAs). State TSAs go well beyond a
national TSA in providing the direct and indirect contribution of tourism to state
GDP and employment using state-specific demand and supply data.
TSAs at the sub-national level are becoming increasingly important. The United
Nations World Tourism Organisation has emphasised the many reasons for
encouraging countries to develop sub-national or regional TSAs. One reason is the
worldwide trend towards decentralisation of political power and management of
national resources in states, regions and municipalities. In order to allocate and
monitor these resources effectively, more and better-integrated regional and local
information is required. Tourism activity inevitably has an unequal geographical
distribution and characteristics within a national territory, and understanding this
requires tourism statistics at different territorial levels. Improving the allocation of
resources and regulating markets in sensible ways for a sector with such diversity can
only be achieved by upgrading data and measuring economic impact at the sub-
regional level.
NCAER was commissioned by the Ministry of Tourism in the Government of
India in 2013 to compile Regional Tourism Satellite Accounts for all the states and
UTs of India for the base year 2009–10 in order to have a more complete
understanding of the tourism sector. NCAER has earlier compiled both the first and
second national TSAs for India. NCAER’s first report covered Andhra Pradesh, Bihar,
Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Tamil Nadu, and
West Bengal. This report covers Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Himachal Pradesh,
Jharkhand, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, and Uttar Pradesh
In the absence of standard international guidelines to prepare sub-national
TSAs, NCAER has compiled the state TSAs along the same lines as the national TSA,
overcoming several data limitations in the process. These limitations have been
overcome by using the most logical rates and ratios based on reasonable
assumptions.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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I would like to thank the agencies that provided the underlying data for the TSA
2009–10, especially the National Sample Survey Office, the Indian Statistical
Institute, and Central Statistical Office. NCAER is particularly grateful to several
Ministry of Tourism officials, in particular Shri R.K. Bhatnagar, Additional Director-
General, Mr Shailesh Kumar, Deputy Director, Smt. Mini Prasanna Kumar, Joint
Director, Smt. Neha Srivastava, Deputy Director and Shri S.K. Mohanta, Data
Processing Assistant, for their valuable inputs and administrative support during the
preparation of the state TSAs.
In ending, I would like to thank the team members, Shri Ramesh Kolli, Senior
Advisor, Dr Poonam Munjal, the Task Team Leader, Mr K. A. Siddiqui, Associate
Fellow, Mr Amit Sharma, Research Analyst, Ms Monisha Grover, Consultant and Ms
Shashi Singh, Office Assistant, for their tireless work in producing India’s first state
Tourism Satellite Accounts.
New Delhi Shekhar Shah December 20th, 2015 Director-General NCAER
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank the officials of The Ministry of Tourism (MoT) for
their valuable inputs during the project review meetings and presentations. In
particular, we are immensely grateful to Dr. R.K. Bhatnagar (ADG, Market Research,
and MoT), Smt. Mini Prasanna Kumar (Joint Director, Market Research, MoT), Smt.
Neha Srivastava (Dy. Director, Market Research, MoT) and Shailesh Kumar (Deputy
Director, Market Research, MoT). The study also benefited immensely from the
important inputs from the officials of various State Tourism Departments.
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Units used in the Report 1 crore = 10 million 1 lakh = 100 thousand Abbreviations
DTS Domestic Tourism Survey
IPS International Passenger Survey
MoT Ministry of Tourism
ISI Indian Statistical Institute
NCAER National Council of Applied Economic Research
NRI Non-Resident Indian
NSSO National Sample Survey Office
PIO Persons of Indian Origin
TSA Tourism Satellite Account
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TABLE OF CONTENT
Study Team .................................................................................................................................................... i
Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... iii
Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................................... v
Abbreviations And Acronyms .................................................................................................................... vii
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................................. x
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... xi
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
2. Context of the study……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
3. Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
4. About Data Source……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
5. Important concepts/definitions used in DTS………………………………………………………… 4
5.1 Trip…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
5.2 Domestic Visitor………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
5.3 Leading purpose of trip………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
5.4 Domestic Tourism……………………………………………………………………………………………….7
5.5 Tourism Expenditure………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7
6. Key Results………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
6.1 Incidence of trips by state of origin………………………………………………………………………. 7
6.2 Trips by state of destination………………………………………………………………………………. 12
6.3 Trip Duration…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
6.4. Domestic Expenditure………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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LIST OF TABLES
Table A1: Estimated number of overnight visitor-trips by each state of origin and state of destination ............ 41
Table A2: Estimated number of overnight trips by each state of origin and state of destination ........ 42
Table A3: Percentage distribution of overnight trips by purposes of travel for each state of origin .... 43
Table A4: Percentage distribution of overnight trips by purposes of travel for each state of destination .......... 44
Table A5: Total Domestic Tourism Expenditure in states of destination (incurred by visitors from
within the state of reference and from other states) ................................................................ 45
Table A6: Average per trip Domestic Tourism Expenditure in states of destination (incurred by
visitors from within the state of reference and from other states) ........................................ 46
Table A7: Average per tourist per day Domestic Tourism Expenditure in states of destination
(incurred by visitors from within the state of reference) ........................................................ 47
Table A8: Average per tourist per day Domestic Tourism Expenditure in states of destination
(incurred by visitors from other states) ..................................................................................... 48
Table A9: Average per tourist per day Domestic Tourism Expenditure in states of destination
(incurred by visitors from within state of reference and from other states) ........................ 49
Table A10: Per cent distribution of domestic tourism expenditure incurred on BUSINESS TRIPS in
states of destination ..................................................................................................................... 50
Table A11: Per cent distribution of domestic tourism expenditure incurred on LEISURE TRIPS in
states of destination ..................................................................................................................... 51
Table A12: Per cent distribution of domestic tourism expenditure incurred on SOCIAL TRIPS in
states of destination ..................................................................................................................... 52
Table A13: Per cent distribution of domestic tourism expenditure incurred on RELIGIOUS TRIPS in
states of destination ..................................................................................................................... 53
Table A14: Per cent distribution of domestic tourism expenditure incurred on EDUCATIONAL
TRIPS in states of destination .................................................................................................... 54
Table A15: Per cent distribution of domestic tourism expenditure incurred on MEDICAL TRIPS in
states of destination ..................................................................................................................... 55
Table A16: Per cent distribution of domestic tourism expenditure incurred on SHOPPING TRIPS in
states of destination ..................................................................................................................... 56
Table A17: Per cent distribution of domestic tourism expenditure incurred on ALL TRIPS in states of
destination ..................................................................................................................................... 57
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Percentage share of top 10 states in domestic tourist visits - 2013 ......................................... 2
Figure 2: Trips per 100 households by state of origin – Rural ................................................................ 8
Figure 3: Trips per 100 households by state of origin– Urban ............................................................... 9
Figure 4: Trips per 100 households by state of origin – Total ............................................................... 10
Figure 5: Distribution of trips undertaken in the states of origin by their leading purposes ............... 11
Figure 6: Distribution of trips undertaken in the states of destination by their leading purposes ...... 13
Figure 7: Top 10 states of destination for main types of trips (trips originating from both within and
outside state) ............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 8: Top 10 states of destination for main types of trips (originating from outside state only) . 15
Figure 9: Average trip duration (number of nights spent) in the states of destination ........................ 17
Figure 10: Average duration per overnight trip for peak season (maximum number of nights spent)
in the states of destination ...................................................................................................... 18
Figure 11: Average duration per overnight trip for lean season (minimum number of nights spent) in
the states of destination .......................................................................................................... 19
Figure 12: Per cent distribution of Domestic Expenditure incurred (by states of destination) on
BUSINESS TRIPS by tourism goods and services ................................................................ 21
Figure 13: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of destination) on
LEISURE TRIPS by tourism goods and services .................................................................. 23
Figure 14: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of destination) on SOCIAL
TRIPS by tourism goods and services ................................................................................... 25
Figure 15: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of destination) on
RELIGIOUS TRIPS by tourism goods and services .............................................................. 27
Figure 16: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of destination) on
EDUCATION AND TRAINING RELATED TRIPS by tourism goods and services ........... 29
Figure 17: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of destination) on
HEALTH AND MEDICAL TRIPS by tourism goods and services ....................................... 31
Figure 18: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of destination) on
SHOPPING RELATED TRIPS by tourism goods and services ............................................ 33
Figure 19: Average Per tourist per day Domestic Tourism Expenditure by state of destination - for
visitors from within state of reference .................................................................................. 35
Figure 20: Average Per tourist per day Domestic Tourism Expenditure by state of destination - for
visitors from other states ....................................................................................................... 36
Figure 21: Average Per tourist per day Domestic Tourism Expenditure by state of destination - for
visitors from within state of reference and from other states .............................................. 37
___________________
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 1
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India
A study based on Domestic Tourism Survey, 2008-09
1. Introduction
India is a diverse country, with over 1.2 billion people following various cultures,
traditions, languages, festivals, religions etc. Equally diverse are the categories of tourism
activities that India offers to her people as well as to the people across the world. These
categories range from scenic tourism, mountain tourism, adventure tourism, beach tourism
to rural tourism, medical and wellness tourism, history tourism and religious tourism. Such
varied categories of tourism owe largely to the geographic, climatic and traditional
multiplicity seen in India’s twenty-nine states and seven union territories.
In most of these states, both inbound and domestic tourism have been the key drivers
of growth among their respective service industries. According to the latest data compiled by
the Ministry of Tourism, number of international tourist arrivals all over India stood at 7.70
million in 2014, posting an annual growth of 10.6 per cent. This is significantly higher than
the medium growth rate of 4.7 per cent witnessed in international tourist arrivals, globally
(UNWTO Barometer, January 2015). Domestic tourism, which accounts for a bulk of tourism
in India, grew by 9.6 per cent with total domestic tourists visiting all states and UTs of India
numbered at 114.5 crore in 2013.
For the whole of India, expenditure incurred on domestic tourism is about 80 per cent of
the total tourism consumption expenditure which comprises domestic, inbound and pre-trip
outbound expenditure (refer to NCAER report on “Second Tourism Satellite Account for
India, 2009-10). Realising the importance of domestic tourism and in an effort to promote it,
the Ministry of Tourism has remoulded its Market Development Assistance (MDA) scheme
to make it more inward looking. This scheme lays emphasis on:
Motivating tour operators to include packages to lesser known and unexploited
destinations in their marketing programmes.
Encouraging domestic tourists to visit such destinations
Familiarising tour operators and travel agents about new tourism products and new
developments in the field of tourism.
The State governments and State Tourism Departments of various states are also taking
several measures to promote the domestic tourism in their states. These include promotional
campaigns, television commercials, infrastructure development of mega-destinations and
circuits, developing and promoting niche products of tourism industry etc.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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In such backdrop, it is worthwhile to assess the important parameters related to
domestic tourism activities in the states of India. The basic domestic tourism statistics are
compiled by the State Tourism Departments and are based on monthly returns provided by
hotels and other accommodation establishments. However, a more comprehensive picture of
various aspects of domestic tourism is captured by the one-of-its-kind pan-India household
survey which was conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) during
2008-09. This report analyses these data to draw a comparison among the states and UTs of
India with respect to the available indicators on domestic tourism.
2. Context of the study
Domestic tourism has picked up in recent times. In 2013, number of domestic tourist
in India is 1145 mn, registering a growth rate of 9.6 per cent. During the latest decade 2003-
13, domestic tourism registered an average annual growth rate of 27.1 per cent. During 1993-
03 the average annual growth rate in domestic tourism was 19.2 per cent. The average
annual growth rate during 1993-03 and 2003-13 is higher for domestic tourism than foreign
tourist to India. The growth rate for domestic tourist in India is double the foreign tourist
visits to India during the last two decades 1993-13. In 2013, top 10 states in domestic tourist
visits were Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, West Bengal and Chhattisgarh. Tamil Nadu ranking first in
domestic tourist visits in 2013, has 21.3 per cent share in India’s total domestic tourist.
Chhattisgarh ranked 10th in domestic tourist visits, having 2 per cent share in India’s total
domestic tourist.
Figure 1: Percentage share of top 10 states in domestic tourist visits - 2013
Source: India Tourism Statistics
21.3
19.8
13.3 8.6
7.2
5.5
2.7
2.4 2.2
2.0 15.1
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Gujarat
West Bengal
Chhattisgarh
Others
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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In India, tourism sector has very strong linkage in socio-economic prosperity. The
employment potential of tourism sector in India is higher than any other sector. UNWTO
studies show that tourism volumes and related receipts like gross domestic product,
employment, and export earnings are expected to move away from the developed countries
and towards the less developed countries as a result of favourable economic, motivational,
technological and policy factor.
Despite this, there has hardly been any research on India’s domestic tourism due to
data inadequacy and due to the absence of any systematic framework for analysing the
sector. Although statistics related to international visitors have been collected occasionally,
data on domestic tourists have been generated only sporadically, specific to an area and
generally by non-government bodies.
In order to get the in-depth insights of the various aspects of domestic tourism by
states and UTs of India, the NSSO conducted an all India household survey on domestic
tourism as part of its 65th round, during 2008-09.
The present study, commissioned by the Ministry of Tourism to NCAER, analyses
these data to prepare a report on “State-wise comparison of average number of trips, their
duration and spending pattern”. This report is a part of the second phase of the “3-year
integrated plan for preparation of regional TSAs for all states and UTs of India and two
research topics for each year” that was commissioned to NCAER by MoT in October 2013.
3. Objectives of the Study
As desired, the study aims to present the state-wise statistics related to the overnight
trips undertaken by the domestic tourists. These statistics would include:
Estimated number of trips by states of origin and by states of destination
Estimated number of trips per household
Percentage distribution of trips by purpose of travel from states of origin and to states
of destination
Duration of trips or average number of nights spent in the states of destination
State-wise comparison of estimated expenditure incurred on domestic trips on
various items of expenditure
4. About Data Source
Domestic Tourism in India” is an all-India household survey on domestic tourism
(DTS 2008-09), carried out during the period July 2008 to June 2009 by National Sample
Survey Organisation (NSSO) as part of its 65th Round of sample surveys. This was the first
time that such comprehensive survey on domestic tourism was undertaken by NSSO.
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A stratified multi-stage sampling design was adopted for the DTS 2008-09. The first
stage units (FSU) were the 2001 census villages in rural sector and urban frame survey
blocks in the urban sector. For larges FSUs, an intermediate stage of sampling was the
division of the FSU into a number of parts and random selection of one part for survey. The
ultimate stage sampling units were the households. In all, 153038 households were surveyed
from 8109 sample villages and 4719 urban blocks spread over all states and union territories
of India. Of the total households, 97074 (63 per cent) belonged to the rural areas and 56234
to urban areas.
A detailed schedule of enquiry was used to collect data from the sample households
on various parameters like household characteristics comprising household size, principal
industry, principal occupation, household type, religion, social group, household
consumption expenditure, number of overnight trips and same-day trips undertaken by the
household, visits of NRIs to the households and their impact, renting out of some portion of
the house to tourists during the last 365 days, and awareness, source of information, and
impact of the “Incredible India” campaign by the Government of India or other tourism
promotional campaigns. Data were also collected for each household member on age,
gender, marital status, educational level, usual principal activity status, industry and
occupation of employed members, number of overnight as well as same-day trips completed
during last 30 days and last 365 days.
For each trip, various trip characteristic data were also collected. These included
leading purpose of the trip, main destination, number of places visited, mode of travel, type
of stay, number of nights spent outside usual place of residence and so on. Finally, for the
latest three overnight trips completed during the last 30 days, detailed data were collected on
particulars of expenditure on different items under the heads of accommodation, food and
drink, transport, shopping, recreation, religious, cultural, sporting and health-related
activities, and other expenditures along with information of reimbursement/direct payment
by any institution for such trips.
5. Important concepts/definitions used in DTS
5.1 Trip
A trip refers to the movement by one or more household members travelling to a place
outside their usual environment for purposes other than those of migration or getting
employed or setting up of residence in that place and which is outside their regular routine of
life, for a duration of not more than six months.
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5.2 Domestic Visitor
A domestic visitor is a household member, who has completed a ‘trip’. In other
words, a domestic visitor is a person (household member), residing in the country, who
travels to a place within the country, outside his or her usual environment and not as a part
of his or her regular routine of life, for duration of not more than six months at a time.
Further, domestic visitors are classified into two categories: domestic overnight
visitors and domestic same-day visitors. A domestic overnight visitor is a domestic visitor
who spent at least one night in a trip during last 365 days. This means that the trip covered
at least two calendar days, wholly or partly. A domestic same-day visitor is a domestic visitor
who did not spend even a single night in any trip during last 365 days. This means that the
trip started and ended on the same day.
Since it is difficult to distinguish domestic tourists from other travellers who are
travelling within the boundary of the country of reference, it is important to identify them by
carefully looking into their purpose and duration of travel. This requires a little more
scrutiny and it must be noted that:
All movements of persons commuting regularly and frequently (nearly every
day/every week/every fortnight) between their usual environment and some fixed
places for the purpose of work or study, visiting homes of friends or relatives,
shopping centres, religious places, centres of health care or any other facilities that
might be at a substantial distance away but nevertheless were regularly and
frequently visited were not considered as trips.
Similarly, all movements of persons, whose nature of activities within their regular
routine of life involved making movements outside their usual environment to
different places, like travelling salesmen, mobile hawkers, medical representatives,
on-board staff of airlines/railways or of buses, hired taxis, etc. were not considered as
trips.
Exceptions for exclusion from the coverage of trip as mentioned above were all
domestic movements performed by air except for the purpose of migration or getting
employed or setting up of residence in that place were considered as trips even if such
movements fall within the regular routine of life of the visitor. However, domestic
movements performed by on-board aircraft crew as part of their duty were not
considered as trips.
5.3 Leading purpose of trip
This is defined as the purpose in the absence of which the trip would not have taken place.
Leading purpose for all the members who are performing a trip is that purpose without
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which none of the members in that trip would have undertaken the trip. Clearly, the leading
purpose of a trip will be the same for all the members who undertook that trip. In DTS –
2008-09, these purposes have been identified as below:
Business - This category includes trips of employees of Government, public or private
organisations or of self-employed people, trips for installation of equipment,
inspection, purchase and sale for enterprise; for attending conferences, congresses,
trade fairs and exhibitions; for delivering lectures or concerts; for participation in
professional sport activities, etc.
Holidaying, leisure and recreation - This category includes sightseeing, attending
sporting and cultural events, non-professional active sports, adventure sports,
recreational activities, cultural activities, holidays at beaches and hill stations,
summer camps, dining out, visiting spas and other establishments specialized in well-
being, fitness except in the context of a medical treatment (in which case the purpose
would be health & medical), etc.
Social (including visiting friends and relatives, attending marriages, etc.) - This
category includes visiting friends and relatives, attending marriages/ any other family
events/ other social functions, visiting home towns, visits to arrange short-term
caring for the baby, sick or old; etc.
Pilgrimage & religious activities - This category includes attending various religious
meetings and events, and undertaking pilgrimages to different places of worship or
holy places.
Education & training - This category includes trips to join short-term courses (less
than six months) following particular programs of study, education and research
programming, acquiring specific skills through formal on-the-job training including
paid study, etc. For example, the trip of a professional academician for acquiring a
certain academic qualification would come under this category. However, if his trip
primarily involves delivering academic lectures then the purpose of his trip was
reported not as education and training but as business.
Health & medical - This category includes trips to spa, fitness and health resorts,
treatments and cures, Ayurveda and other health resorts of traditional medicines,
etc., for getting short-term (less than six months) medical treatment.
Shopping - This category includes purchasing of consumer goods for own personal
use or as gifts but not for resale or for use in a future productive process (in which
case the purpose would be business). For example, in many places in our country
people visit some nearby city/town or market place primarily for the purpose of
purchasing consumer goods during festivals like Puja, Diwali, Eid, Christmas, etc. or
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National Council of Applied Economic Research 7
during social functions like marriages, birthdays, etc., in their households. But if a
shopkeeper undertakes a trip to a city/town to make wholesale purchase for retail
selling then the purpose of his trip was taken as business and not shopping.
Others - This category includes purposes which are not indicated elsewhere. For
example, making a trip to render some social service, such as attending a blood
donation camp to donate blood, comes under this category.
5.4 Domestic Tourism
Domestic tourism covers all the trips of household members within the territory of India, i.e.
of domestic visitors, either as a domestic trip or as part of an international trip.
5.5 Tourism Expenditure
This refers to the total expenditure incurred on a trip undertaken by a domestic visitor. This
includes expenditure made not just during the trip but also the expenditure related to the
trip even if made before or after the trip. It also includes expenditure related to the trip,
whether directly paid or reimbursed, by some institution like Government or other agencies
on behalf of the selected household.
6. Key Results
The following sections present the key findings of the Domestic Tourism Survey pertaining
to the characteristics of domestic trips. For each characteristic, a comparison is drawn for all
the states and UTs of India.
6.1 Incidence of trips by state of origin
An important characteristic of domestic tourism is the number of trips undertaken by a
household in a year which is an effective pointer towards the intensity of domestic tourism in
a state. The following charts give the intensity of tourism by states of origin, hence giving an
indication of how frequently do the people of a state travel, both within their state and to
other states of India. This intensity of tourism is also computed for the rural and urban
sectors of the states. Also presented is an exhibit with the distribution of trips undertaken in
the states of origin by their leading purposes. This chart indicates the relative preferences of
households of a state. The total number of visitor-trips and number of visits/trips for each
state of origin and state of destination are given in Appendix Table A1
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
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Figure 2: Trips per 100 households by state of origin – Rural
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
On an average, 4.4 trips were
undertaken by an Indian
household in rural areas.
Of the total 35 states and UTs,
the intensity of domestic
tourism of only 12 states is
higher than the national
average while the remaining 23
states/UTs showed lower
intensity of domestic tourism.
Barring Puducherry which is a
UT, all of these 12 states are
India’s major states
The highest incidence of trips
is seen in Jammu & Kashmir,
with 904 trips per 100
households in the reference
year of 2008-09. This is
followed by HP, with791 trips
per 100 households..
Among the 10 states/UTs
which rank the lowest with
respect to the intensity of
domestic tourism, 5 are UTs, 4
are North-eastern states and
the tenth state is Goa, which is
a popular state of destination
rather than a state from which
domestic trips originate.
100
153
166
185
189
191
223
232
279
295
307
317
332
334
336
343
346
370
384
393
418
422
434
440
444
453
455
469
493
498
504
541
552
578
791
904
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Daman & Diu
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Delhi
Lakshadweep
Manipur
Chandigarh
Assam
Mizoram
Megahlaya
Goa
Tripura
Nagaland
Arunachal Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Bihar
Jharkhand
Sikkim
Chhattisgarh
Karnataka
West Bengal
A & N Islands
Gujarat
Uttarakhand
All-India
Kerala
Maharashtra
Puducherry
Andhra Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Punjab
Rajasthan
Odisha
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 9
Figure 3: Trips per 100 households by state of origin– Urban
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
The average number of trips
made by urban households in a
year is less than that made by
rural households. As compared
to 4.4 trips per household in
rural areas, number of trips
made by an average urban
household is 3.7 in a year.
In only 10 states, the incidence
of trips per household for
urban areas is higher than that
in rural areas. Of these, 5 are
UTs – Chandigarh, Delhi,
Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar
Haveli and Lakshadweep. The
other five are Tripura, Assam,
Jharkhand, Goa and Kerala.
Jammu & Kashmir reports the
highest incidence of trips in
urban areas too.
Average number of trips during
a year per both rural and urban
households in J&K and
Himachal Pradesh is almost
double the respective all-India
average.
These states also record the
highest variation in the
incidence of trips in their rural
and urban areas.
131
171
178
181
188
212
237
258
260
265
269
293
296
297
308
322
326
328
333
360
365
366
370
376
380
416
417
424
430
432
446
447
469
479
593
601
0 200 400 600 800
Manipur
Arunachal Pradesh
Megahlaya
A & N Islands
Mizoram
Daman & Diu
Delhi
Assam
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Chandigarh
Maharashtra
Nagaland
Sikkim
Lakshadweep
West Bengal
Goa
Tripura
Tamil Nadu
Bihar
Jharkhand
All India
Chhattisgarh
Gujarat
Karnataka
Uttarakhand
Andhra Pradesh
Punjab
Haryana
Puducherry
Uttar Pradesh
Kerala
Rajasthan
Madhya Pradesh
Odisha
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 10
Figure 4: Trips per 100 households by state of origin – Total
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
An average Indian household
undertakes four trips during a
year.
In five states, the incidence of
trips during a year is more than
5 trips per household. These
five states are J&K, Himachal
Pradesh, Haryana, Odisha and
Rajasthan.
12 states including one UT
(Puducherry) exhibit higher
intensity of domestic tourism
than all India average intensity
while the intensity in 23 states
is lower than the national
average.
The highest incidence of trips
is seen in Jammu & Kashmir,
with 836 trips per 100
households. This is followed by
HP, with 769 trips per 100
households.
All the bottom 10 states/ UTs
in terms of intensity of
domestic tourism are small
states or UTs except for Assam
where the average number of
trips per 100 households is
estimated at just 232 for the
year 2008-09.
139
173
179
212
227
230
232
256
260
297
308
310
310
331
335
338
340
346
369
371
371
381
402
418
422
437
445
453
470
480
491
516
530
541
769
836
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Daman & Diu
Manipur
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Mizoram
Assam
Lakshadweep
Delhi
Chandigarh
Megahlaya
Arunachal Pradesh
Goa
Tripura
Nagaland
Tamil Nadu
Bihar
Sikkim
A & N Islands
Jharkhand
Chhattisgarh
Maharashtra
West Bengal
Karnataka
Gujarat
All India
Uttarakhand
Puducherry
Kerala
Andhra Pradesh
Punjab
Uttar Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Haryana
Odisha
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 11
Figure 5: Distribution of trips undertaken in the states of origin by their
leading purposes
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
A On an average, at all India
level, contribution of social
trips to total trips works out
to be 74 per cent. This is
followed by religious trips
and medical trips which
account for 10 per cent and
6.2 per cent respectively of
the total overnight trips.
Business and leisure trips
together account for only 5.3
per cent of the total trips.
Barring Lakshadweep, in all
the states, people travel the
most for social reasons. In
Lakshadweep, however,
maximum number of trips
(42.5 %) is undertaken for
medical purposes.
Leisure or holiday is among
the least popular purposes of
domestic overnight trips
across all the states. The
highest share of leisure trips
in total is seen in Delhi,
where 6.7 per cent of the total
trips are undertaken for
leisure.
0% 50% 100%
Jammu & …
Himachal …
Punjab
Chandigarh
Uttarakhand
Haryana
Delhi
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Sikkim
Arunachal …
Nagaland
Manipur
Mizoram
Tripura
Megahlaya
Assam
West Bengal
Jharkhand
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Daman & Diu
Dadra & Nagar …
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Goa
Lakshadweep
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
A & N Islands
Total
Business Leisure Social
Religious Education & training Medical
Shopping Others
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 12
6.2 Trips by state of destination
For each trip, the state of destination is either the state itself (intra-state movement) or other state (inter-state movement). In the survey, the main destination for
each state has been identified and classified as follows:
1. Within the same district to which the household belongs
2. Outside the district but within the same state to which the household belongs
3. Outside the state of residence
Of all the domestic trips undertaken in India, about 90 per cent are undertaken
within the same state. Hence, intra-state movement is the main contributor to domestic
tourism in India. In rural areas, this proportion is even higher at 94 per cent while in urban
areas, about 79 per cent of total overnight trips are undertaken within the state.
For a state-wise comparison, it is important to see the relative importance or
popularity of destination states with respect to the leading purposes of travel to these states.
As a matter of fact, certain states are more popular destinations for, say leisure tourists while
others have more offerings for religious tourists. The following exhibit presents the
distribution of trips that are undertaken in a state of destination by their leading purposes.
Also presented are the exhibits in which top 15 states are listed for each main purpose of
travel, i.e. business, leisure, social and religious. Here, distribution of trips is done for each
purpose by states of destination.
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 13
Figure 6: Distribution of trips undertaken in the states of destination by their
leading purposes
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
It is evident in this exhibit
too that most of the people
travel for social purposes.
In all the destination
states, except Daman &
Diu, the proportion of
social trips in total trips is
the highest. Daman & Diu
is popular more for leisure
trips as 41% of total trips
undertaken here are for
leisure.
Besides Daman & Diu, the
states to which domestic
tourists visit for leisure in
a significant proportion
are Lakshadweep, Sikkim,
Andaman & Nicobar
Islands and Goa.
The states where
significant proportion of
trips is religious trips are
Uttarakhand, Himachal
Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, Karnataka and
Tamil Nadu.
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Jammu & Kashmir
Himachal Pradesh
Punjab
Chandigarh
Uttarakhand
Haryana
Delhi
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Sikkim
Arunachal Pradesh
Nagaland
Manipur
Mizoram
Tripura
Megahlaya
Assam
West Bengal
Jharkhand
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Daman & Diu
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Goa
Lakshadweep
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Puducherry
A & N Islands
Total
Business Holidaying, leisure and recreation Social (including visiting friends and relatives, attending Pilgrimage & religious activities Health & Medical Others
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 14
Figure 7: Top 10 states of destination for main types of trips (Trips originating
from both within and outside state)
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
Of all the business trips
undertaken in India, 11.6
per cent and 11.5 per
cent are undertaken in
Andhra Pradesh and
Uttar Pradesh
respectively. These
proportions take into
account both the trips
that originate from the
states themselves and
from other states.
West Bengal, as a state
of destination, accounts
for the largest
proportion of leisure
trips undertaken in
India. This is mostly
because of the intra-
state leisure tourists in
the state. This is
followed by Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh and
Maharashtra.
Social trips are
undertaken the most in
Uttar Pradesh.
Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu
together account for 44
per cent of total religious
trips undertaken in the
country.
3.0
3.0
5.7
6.5
6.9
7.9
8.0
10.6
11.7
16.5
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
Madhya Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Odisha
Kerala
Uttar Pradesh
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
West Bengal
Leisure Trips
4.9
5.5
5.5
5.9
6.0
6.3
6.8
8.9
11.5
11.6
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
Karnataka
Odisha
Tamil Nadu
Madhya Pradesh
Bihar
Kerala
West Bengal
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Business Trips
3.9
4.1
6.6
6.8
7.2
7.2
7.8
9.1
11.5
14.9
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
Bihar
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan
Madhya Pradesh
Kerala
West Bengal
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Social Trips
3.2
4.4
4.6
5.9
6.2
7.3
7.9
13.1
14.9
16.1
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0
Uttarakhand
Madhya Pradesh
Gujarat
Kerala
Rajasthan
Karnataka
Uttar Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Religious Trips
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 15
Figure 8: Top 10 states of destination for main types of trips (Originating from
outside state only)
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
Figure 8 presents top
10 states of destination
for various leading
purposes with regard to
the trips that originate
from states other than
the state of destination
itself. Hence this
exhibit is based on
inter-state movement
only.
While crossing the state
boundaries for business
trips, Maharashtra and
Delhi are the most
popular states of
destination.
Tamil Nadu is the most
sought-after state of
destination among
domestic leisure
tourists. 12.5 per cent
of total interstate
leisure trips are
undertaken in Tamil
Nadu.
For religious trips,
domestic tourists travel
the most to Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Uttarakhand and
Rajasthan.
3.5
3.5
4.3
5.2
5.8
9.6
10.0
10.2
12.5
13.0
.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
Rajasthan
Andhra Pradesh
Haryana
Odisha
Uttar Pradesh
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Gujarat
Delhi
Maharashtra
Business
4.6
5.6
5.8
5.9
6.2
6.3
7.1
7.6
8.6
12.5
.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
Rajasthan
Kerala
Delhi
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Himachal Pradesh
Odisha
Uttarakhand
Uttar Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
Leisure
5.3
5.7
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.9
7.5
8.0
8.3
14.1
.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
Punjab
Haryana
Bihar
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Madhya Pradesh
Rajasthan
Delhi
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
Social
3.6
4.2
4.7
5.6
7.3
8.5
11.0
12.9
12.9
13.3
.0 5.0 10.0 15.0
Jharkhand
Kerala
Himachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Uttarakhand
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
Religious
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 16
6.3 Trip Duration
The survey collects information on number of nights spent during the trip at the state of destination. Since the survey was conducted round the year, this
information is available by the starting and ending months of the overnight trip.
Hence, we can obtain the average duration of an overnight trip for different ending
months. This information throws light on the variability of tourism activity across
months of year and also tells us as to which months are most preferred for a trip.
On an average and at All-India level, the duration of trip is 3.4 nights. For
rural households, the average duration is 3.1 nights and for urban households, it is
4.2 nights. The variability of trip duration across months is seen more in urban
households, where it ranges from 3.5 nights in February and August to 5.6 nights in
July. In the rural sector, average trip duration lies within the narrow range of 2.7 to
3.3 nights throughout the year.
The figures below present the state-wise comparison of the average trip
duration for the states of destination. Further, it is also interesting to note the trip
duration in the states of destination during various ending months. This indicates as
to which states are most visited during each month of a year.
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 17
Figure 9: Average trip duration (number of nights spent) in the states of
destination
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
The longest trip duration
is seen in Lakshadweep,
where domestic tourists
prefer to spend about 5.4
nights, on an average.
This is followed by
Chandigarh with 5.2
nights.
Number of states/UTs
with average trip
duration more than that
of All-India average is 16.
This includes major
states like Gujarat,
Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka;
North-eastern states like
Sikkim and Arunachal
Pradesh; and UTs like
Delhi and Andaman &
Nicobar Islands.
Least number of nights
are spent in Manipur and
Daman & Diu (2.2
nights).
2.22
2.24
2.62
2.67
2.69
2.70
2.73
2.86
2.86
2.88
2.89
2.95
3.02
3.06
3.08
3.10
3.14
3.32
3.35
3.38
3.38
3.56
3.64
3.70
3.73
3.75
3.76
3.81
3.83
3.96
3.99
4.19
4.48
4.98
5.20
5.36
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Manipur
Daman & Diu
Assam
Megahlaya
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Himachal Pradesh
Haryana
Odisha
Chhattisgarh
Nagaland
Jammu & Kashmir
Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Madhya Pradesh
Punjab
West Bengal
Tripura
Puducherry
All India
Jharkhand
Mizoram
Goa
Karnataka
Arunachal Pradesh
Kerala
Uttarakhand
Sikkim
Andhra Pradesh
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Bihar
Delhi
A & N Islands
Chandigarh
Lakshadweep
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 18
Figure 10: Average duration per overnight trip for peak season (maximum
number of nights spent) in the states of destination
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
Peak season for tourism
in a state is the month in
which average number of
nights spent in that state
is the highest.
In as many as 8 states of
destination, the month in
which domestic tourists
spent the maximum
number of nights is June,
which is also the month
when in most of the
states, schools are shut
due to summer vacation
so people can travel with
their children.
On an average, overnight
tourists spend as many as
17 nights per trip
undertaken in Andaman
& Nicobar Island during
the peak season, that is,
in June. This is closely
followed by Arunachal
Pradesh with 16 nights
spent in June.
In Nagaland, even during
the peak season, the
average number of nights
spent per overnight trip is
just 3.2 nights.
3.25
3.38
3.38
3.50
3.50
3.71
3.78
3.79
3.80
3.84
3.87
4.12
4.19
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.26
5.16
5.16
5.18
6.04
6.17
6.22
6.24
6.99
7.22
7.30
7.42
7.57
7.75
10.42
11.08
11.11
14.00
15.83
16.87
.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00
Nagaland (OCT)
Uttar Pradesh (JUL)
Manipur (FEB)
Daman & Diu (NOV)
West Bengal (JUN)
Madhya Pradesh (SEPT)
Haryana (MAY)
Megahlaya (MAY)
Tamil Nadu (AUG)
Rajasthan (NOV)
Odisha (OCT)
Chhattisgarh (JUN)
Himachal Pradesh (DEC)
All India (JUN)
Kerala (JAN)
Assam (NOV)
Jharkhand (NOV)
Karnataka (APR)
Tripura (AUG)
Goa (JAN)
Jammu & Kashmir (JUL)
Punjab (MAR)
Andhra Pradesh (JUN)
Mizoram (JUN)
Delhi (DEC)
Uttarakhand (JUL)
Gujarat (SEPT)
Sikkim (JAN)
Dadra & Nagar Haveli (NOV)
Maharashtra (JUN)
Chandigarh (FEB)
Bihar (OCT)
Puducherry (JUN)
Lakshadweep (AUG)
Arunachal Pradesh (JUN)
A & N Islands (JUN)
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 19
Figure 11: Average duration per overnight trip for lean season (minimum
number of nights spent) in the states of destination
Source: NCAER computation using 65th round NSSSO data
Note: Lean season for each state of destination is the month given in
parentheses after state name
Lean season for tourism
in a state is considered
the month in which
average number of nights
spent in that state is the
lowest.
March is the lean season
in case of 9 states and
February is the lean
season in case of 6 states
which can be attributed
to the fact that February
and March are the
months of examinations
for school going children.
3.3 nights per overnight
trip are spent in Delhi
during the lean season
followed by 3.13 nights
spent in Kerala.
There is a wide difference
in nights spent in any
state during peak and
lean season pointing
towards the high
variability across months
which could be for
various reasons ranging
from purpose of trip,
weather conditions,
popular preferences of
the tourists etc.
1.00
1.00
1.47
1.65
1.73
1.74
1.85
1.87
1.90
1.90
1.92
1.94
1.95
2.06
2.07
2.17
2.20
2.20
2.24
2.27
2.39
2.45
2.45
2.48
2.58
2.58
2.62
2.70
2.70
2.71
2.76
2.84
2.91
2.93
3.13
3.30
.00 .50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50
Daman & Diu (AUG, SEPT)
Dadra & Nagar Haveli (APR)
Arunachal Pradesh (MAY)
Nagaland (JUN)
Manipur (MAR)
Jammu & Kashmir (MAR)
Himachal Pradesh (JAN)
Puducherry (MAY)
Chandigarh (JUL)
Chhattisgarh (FEB)
Megahlaya (NOV)
Assam (JAN)
Tripura (JUN)
Uttarakhand (MAR)
Punjab (FEB)
Odisha (MAR)
A & N Islands (AUG)
Goa (MAR)
Haryana (SEPT)
Jharkhand (APR)
Tamil Nadu (MAR)
Sikkim (JUN)
Madhya Pradesh (APR)
Uttar Pradesh (MAY)
Rajasthan (AUG)
Bihar (JUL)
Maharashtra (MAR)
Mizoram (MAY)
Gujarat (MAR)
Karnataka (FEB)
West Bengal (MAR)
Lakshadweep (FEB)
All India (FEB)
Andhra Pradesh (FEB)
Kerala (FEB)
Delhi (SEPT)
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 20
6.4. Domestic Expenditure
Domestic expenditure incurred during trips is an important measure of how well
tourism sector contributes to the economy of different states. This section of the report
presents the state-wise comparison of the details of expenditure incurred during the
domestic trips undertaken in the states of destination.
The expenditure by tourists pertaining to a trip, be it domestic or international, is
likely to be very much dependent on many factors such as purpose of the visit, socio-
economic characteristics of the visitors, types of tourism services availed during the trips
(e.g. type of accommodation – five star, three star etc.) and length of the stay, to name a few.
Total expenditure incurred by all the visitors is also dependent, apart from the above factors,
on the number of total trips made to a particular state. Keeping focus on these issues, firstly
the overall expenditure incurred on trips by purpose is estimated for each state. Secondly,
per cent distributions of expenditures by broad types of tourism goods and services are
estimated for each state separately by type of purpose of the trips.
The broad industries by which the distribution of expenditure is discussed in this
section are as follows:
(i) Accommodation Services
(ii) Cultural, sports, religious & other recreational services
(iii) Food & beverages services
(iv) Tourism connected products
(v) Travel agencies & other reservation services
(vi) Passenger transport services
Tourism connected products mentioned above in (iv) include items like readymade
garments, processed food, tobacco products, travel related consumer goods, footwear, soaps,
cosmetics and glycerine, gems and jewellery, and books, journals, magazines, stationery etc.
The data suggests that the total estimated domestic tourism expenditure in India was
Rs. 97,508 crore for year 2008-09, of which 42.5 per cent was incurred on social trips, 23.8
per cent on health and medical trips, 12.2 on religious trips, 8.2 per cent on leisure trips, 5.1
per cent on business trips and the remaining 8.2 per cent on other trips.
As compared to this, in terms of number of trips by purposes of travel, social trips
account for as much as 74.1 per cent of the total overnight trips, religious trips account for
9.7 per cent, health and medical trips constitute 6.3 per cent, leisure trips are 2.7 per cent
and business trips are 2.6 per cent of the total trips.
The following figures present the state-wise comparison of the expenditure incurred
during various types of trips on the broad items of tourism expenditure.
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 21
Figure 12: Per cent distribution of Domestic Expenditure incurred (by states of destination) on BUSINESS TRIPS by tourism goods and services
Source: NCAER computation
Total domestic tourism
expenditure on business
trips in India was Rs.
4929 crore in 2008-09.
Passenger transport
services and tourism
connected products are
the major items of
expenditure in the case of
trips undertaken for
business purposes. This is
true for almost all the
states.
Tourism connected
products include
readymade garments,
processed food, tobacco
products, beverages,
tourism related consumer
goods, footwear,
toiletries, gems &
jewellery and books &
periodicals.
The least is spent on
cultural & recreational
services while on
business trip.
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 22
Figure 12: Per cent distribution of Domestic Expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on BUSINESS TRIPS by tourism goods and services – contd.
Source: NCAER computation
Expenditure on food &
beverages also
contributes significantly
to the business related
domestic tourism
expenditure across the
states. It is more than 10
per cent of total
expenditure in 7 states,
highest being in case of
Lakshadweep (24.2 per
cent).
Per cent distribution of
the domestic tourism
expenditure on business
trips by tourism services
is given in Table A10 in
the appendix.
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 23
Figure 13: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on LEISURE TRIPS by tourism goods and services
Source: NCAER computation
Total domestic tourism
expenditure on leisure
trips in India was Rs.
8008 crore in 2008-09.
At all India level,
maximum expenditure
(72 per cent of the total)
is incurred on passenger
transport services during
a leisure trip.
Expenditure on tourism
connected products has
second highest share
(12.6 per cent) in the
domestic tourism
expenditure in case of
leisure trips.
Shares of expenditure on
food & beverages, and
accommodation services
are 6.4 per cent and 5.7
respectively.
Out of the total 35 states
and UTs, for as many as
33 states, expenditure
incurred on passenger
transport services during
a leisure trip is the most
among all the items of
expenditure.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 24
Figure 13: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on LEISURE TRIPS by tourism goods and services – contd.
Source: NCAER computation
For the remaining 2
states and UTs,
expenditure incurred on
tourism connected
products is the highest.
The other main item of
expenditure in the case of
leisure trips is food and
beverages serving
services. For 3 states, the
share of expenditure
incurred on these services
is more than 10 per cent
of total expenditure.
Per cent distribution of
the domestic tourism
expenditure on leisure
trips by tourism services/
products is given in Table
A11 in the appendix
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 25
Figure 14: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on SOCIAL TRIPS by tourism goods and services
Source: NCAER computation
Total domestic tourism
expenditure on social trips
in India is estimated at Rs.
41454 crore in 2008-09.
While about three-fourth of
the total domestic overnight
trips are social trips, the
expenditure incurred on
these trips is about 42 per
cent of the total domestic
tourism expenditure.
At all India level, on an
average 68.3 per cent of the
total domestic expenditure
incurred during social trips
is attributed to Passenger
transport services.
Expenditure under Tourism
connected products head
has second highest share
(22.4 per cent) in the
domestic tourism
expenditure in case of social
trips.
Shares of expenditure on
travel agencies & other
reservation services, food &
beverages, health and
medical related services and
cultural, sports, religious &
other recreational services
are 4.1 per cent, 3.4 per
cent, 1.3 per cent and 0.2
per cent respectively.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 26
Figure 14: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on SOCIAL TRIPS by tourism goods services – contd.
Source: NCAER computation
For all the states,
expenditure on passenger
transport services
accounts for the highest
share in total expenditure
incurred on social trips in
each state; highest being
in case of Daman & Diu
(78 per cent) and least
being in case of Arunachal
Pradesh (45 per cent).
For the rest of states,
share of passenger
transport services is the
highest in total tourism
expenditure incurred on
social trips.
Expenditure on
accommodation services
during social trips is less
than 5 per cent for all the
states.
Per cent distribution of
the domestic tourism
expenditure on social trips
by tourism services/
products is given in Table
A12 in the appendix.
-
State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 27
Figure 15: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on RELIGIOUS TRIPS by tourism goods and services
Source: NCAER computation
Total domestic tourism
expenditure on religious
trips in India is estimated at
Rs. 11883 crore in 2008-09.
At all India level, on an
average 76.4 per cent of the
total domestic expenditure
incurred during religious
trips is attributed to
passenger transport
services.
Expenditure under tourism
connected products head
has second highest share
(9.9 per cent) in the
domestic tourism
expenditure in case of
religious trips.
Shares of expenditure on
food & beverages,
accommodation services
and cultural, sports,
religious & other
recreational services are 6.3
per cent, 3.1 per cent and
0.9 per cent respectively.
At state-level, barring just
for Manipur, expenditure on
passenger transport
services has the highest
share in total expenditure
incurred on religious trips in
each state.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 28
Figure 15: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on RELIGIOUS TRIPS by tourism goods and services – contd.
Source: NCAER computation
Expenditure on cultural,
sports, religious & other
recreational services
during religious trips
contributes less than 3
per cent for 33 states.
This share is less than 4
per cent for all the states.
In case of Manipur,
expenditure under travel
agencies & other
reservation services head
has highest share (48.3
per cent) in the total
expenditure on religious
trips.
Per cent distribution of
the domestic tourism
expenditure on religious
trips by tourism services/
products is given in Table
A13 in the appendix.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 29
Figure 16: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on EDUCATION AND TRAINING RELATED TRIPS by tourism
goods and services
Source: NCAER computation
Total domestic tourism
expenditure on education
and training related trips in
India is estimated at Rs. 1280
crore in 2008-09.
This is only 1.3 per cent of the
total domestic tourism
expenditure of India. This
miniscule share is in tandem
with the share of educational
trips in total domestic trips
undertaken in India, which is
1 per cent.
At all India level, 67.3 per
cent of the total domestic
expenditure incurred during
educational trips is on
passenger transport services.
Expenditure under tourism
connected products head has
second highest share (11.6
per cent) in the domestic
tourism expenditure in case
of educational trips.
Shares of expenditure on
travel agencies & other
reservation services, food &
beverages and
accommodation services are
8.7 per cent, 6.3 per cent and
5.3 per cent respectively.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 30
Figure 16: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on EDUCATION AND TRAINING RELATED TRIPS by tourism
goods and services – contd.
Source: NCAER computation
Expenditure on tourism
connected products during
educational trips
contributes fairly high to
the total domestic
expenditure. It is
estimated at more than 20
per cent of the total
expenditure in case of 7
states; highest in case of
Mizoram (30.7 per cent).
Per cent distribution of the
domestic tourism
expenditure on education
and training related trips
by tourism services/
products is given in Table
A14 in the appendix.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 31
Figure 17: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on HEALTH AND MEDICAL TRIPS by tourism goods and services
Source: NCAER computation
Total domestic tourism
expenditure on health and
medical trips in India is
estimated at Rs. 23197 crore
in 2008-09.
Expenditure incurred on
Medical trips account for the
second highest share (23.8
per cent) in the total
domestic tourism
expenditure, after that
incurred on social trips.
In terms of number of trips,
medical trips constitute only
6.2 per cent of the total
domestic trips. Evidently, the
per-trip expenditure on
medical trip is the highest
among all the trips and is
estimated at Rs. 3917 for
2008-09, as per DTS.
At all India level, on an
average 62 per cent of the
total domestic expenditure
incurred during medical trips
is attributed to health and
medical related services.
Expenditure under passenger
transport services head has
second highest share (27.5
per cent) in the domestic
tourism expenditure in case
of medical trips..
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 32
Figure 17: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on HEALTH AND MEDICAL TRIPS by tourism services – contd.
Source: NCAER computation
Shares of expenditure on
food & beverages, and
accommodation services are
4 per cent, 2.6 per cent
respectively.
Per cent distribution of the
domestic tourism
expenditure on health and
medical trips by tourism
services/ products is given in
Table A15 in the appendix.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 33
Figure 18: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on SHOPPING RELATED TRIPS by tourism goods and services
Source: NCAER computation
Total domestic tourism
expenditure on shopping
related trips in India is
estimated at Rs. 1206 crore
in 2008-09.
At an all-India level, 68.7 per
cent of the total domestic
expenditure incurred during
shopping trips is attributed
to tourism connected
products which include
products like readymade
garments, processed food,
tobacco products, travel
related consumer goods,
footwear, soaps, cosmetics
and glycerine, gems and
jewellery, and books,
journals, magazines,
stationery etc. which are
mostly shopping items.
Expenditure under passenger
transport services head has
second highest share (21 per
cent).
Shares of expenditure on
food & beverages, and
accommodation services are
only 2.1 per cent, 1.0 per cent
respectively.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 34
Figure 18: Per cent distribution domestic expenditure incurred (by states of
destination) on SHOPPING RELATED TRIPS by tourism goods and services –
contd.
Source: NCAER computation
Expenditure on tourism
connected products is more
than 50 per cent of the total
domestic tourism
expenditure incurred during
shopping trips in case of 26
states; highest being for
Haryana (98 per cent)
followed by Tamil Nadu (92.2
per cent) and West Bengal
(91.7 per cent).
Expenditure on
accommodation during
shopping trips is below 5 per
cent of total expenditure for
all states except for
Chandigarh where this share
is estimated at 7.7 per cent. It
is less than one per cent for
17 states.
Per cent distribution of the
domestic tourism
expenditure on shopping
trips by tourism services/
products is given in Table
A16 in the appendix.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 35
Figure 19: Average Per tourist per day Domestic Tourism Expenditure by state of destination - for visitors from within state of reference
Source: NCAER computation
Estimates on per tourist per
day (per night spent on the
trip) within state domestic
tourism expenditure shows
that visitors from Delhi
spend the most within the
state (Rs. 2041 per day).
Interestingly, all the north
eastern states (except for
Tripura) secure a place in top
ten states in terms of per
tourist per day domestic
tourism expenditure incurred
within the state.
The least per tourist per day
domestic expenditure was
observed in case of Dadra &
Nagar Haveli (Rs. 121),
followed by Puducherry (Rs.
172), Tripura (Rs. 212), Bihar
(Rs. 268) and West Bengal
(Rs. 313).
Per tourist per day domestic
tourism expenditure by
different leading purposes
and by states is given in
Table A7 in the appendix.
121
172
212
268
313
316
379
381
409
423
427
430
431
500
512
513
527
534
541
542
591
614
620
656
716
768
796
855
956
1065
1582
1682
1927
1982
2041
0 1000 2000 3000
Dadra & nagar Haveli
Puducherry
Tripura
Bihar
West Bengal
Madhya Pradesh
Odisha
UP
Daman & Diu
Chandigarh
A&NI
Chhattisgarh
Andhra Pradesh
Punjab
Haryana
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Goa
Maharashtra
Gujarat
Rajasthan
Kerala
J&K
Lakshadweep
Tamil Nadu
Assam
Sikkim
Meghalaya
HP
Uttarakhand
Arunachal Pradesh
Mizoram
Manipur
Nagaland
Delhi
Expenditure in Rs.
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State-wise comparison of characteristics of domestic trips in India, 2 2009-10
National Council of Applied Economic Research 36
Figure 20: Average Per tourist per day Domestic Tourism Expenditure by state of destination - for visitors from other states
Source: NCAER computation
Estimates on per tourist per
day (per night spent on the
trip) domestic tourism
expenditure for visitors from
states other than the state of
reference shows that visitors
from other states spend the
most in Mizoram (Rs. 5458
per day).
This was followed by the per
tourist per day expenditure
incurred in Goa (Rs. 3545),
Chhattisgarh (Rs. 2782),
Nagaland (Rs. 2761) and
Sikkim (Rs. 2544).
The least per tourist per day
domestic expenditure was
observed in case of Dadra &
Nagar Haveli (Rs. 218),
followed by Puducherry (Rs.
439), Gujarat (Rs. 463),
Jharkhand (Rs. 468) and
Tripura (Rs. 477).
Per tourist per day domes