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Action Research Report
Strategies for Enhancing Pupils Learning When There Is No
Functionable LCD Projector Aailable At the School
Abstract
The purpose of this action research was to explore how a teacher can conduct activity
and use a variety of teaching and learning resources as an alternative to the activity
which requires the use of LCD projector in order to enhance the understanding of the
Year 4 pupils in Sk lu !anan "anowit# $t was found that group activities% using pictures
to clarify ideas% classroo& ga&es and worksheet were so&e of the activities' teaching
resources that can (e conducted'used as an alternative for the activities which required
the LCD projector like video viewing% power point presentation% in order to attract the
pupils to learn% &otivate the&% i&prove their understanding as well as to enhance the
teaching and learning processes#
INT!"D#CTI"N
Information and communication technology (ICT) has been used more widely in
classrooms and schools. The utilization and integration of ICT tools into a learning
environment has contributed to a lot of positive conseuences in which it has helped
deepen students! content "nowledge# engage them in constructing their own "nowledge#
and support the development of comple$ thin"ing s"ills (%ozma# &'' %uli"# &''*
+ebb , Co$# &''-).
evertheless# there are some barriers that hamper the implementation of the integration
of ICT in teaching and learning processes such as the challenge of insufficient ICT tools
or the absent of functionable tools due to lac" of maintenance. In this situation# the
teacher of the schools has to thin" of other strategies to facilitate the achievement of the
pupils! learning outcomes and to enhance the pupils! learning. As the effective teaching
method reuired active participation of the pupils# activities that can let all the pupils to
be engaged in the lesson should be provided.
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P!"$LE% STATE%ENT
/uring my wonderful practicum period as a teacher trainee at 0% 1lu Ranan# %anowit in
2anuary 345 April 36# &'3'# I was given 0tandard & and 0tandard - to teach 0cience
sub7ect. The pupils of 0tandard & were generally good but somehow 3- out of *8 pupils
of 0tandard - have been identified as pupils of poor reading and writing ability. After
having a discussion with my mentor and according to the latest 0cience e$amination
result of the pupils# it was found that most of the pupils of 0tandard - were still struggling
with the 0cience sub7ect. I need to find successful strategies to teach and reach all the
pupils of 0tandard - effectively. As there is no functionable 9C/ pro7ector available at the
school# e$tra effort was reuired in order to teach 0cience in a way that is
understandable and meaningful to them.
!ESEA!C& '#ESTI"N
+hat are the strategies that can be used to teach 0cience to 0tandard - pupils in the
situation that the functionable 9C/ pro7ector is not available at the school:
TA!(ET (!"#P
The thirty seven pupils of 0tandard - of 0" 1lu Ranan# %anowit. The name and the
relevance information of the pupils were given in Appendi$ A.
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LITE!AT#!E !E)IEW
Technology is essential in teaching and learning processes. In year &''*# the sum of
;84.8 million Ringgit was spent to purchase noteboo" computers# 9C/ pro7ectors and
other related euipment in order to introduce the usage of ICT in teaching of 0cience
and enga7aran dan >embela7aran 0ains dan
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T&E ST#D+
!esearch I,ple,entation
The following table provides an overview of the activities conducted throughout this
research.
Table -. "erie/ of interention
Wee0 Date Actiities !e,ar0s
35* '4B'&B3'5&4B'&B3' Reading literature Relevance articles
were downloaded
from the internet.- '35'8B'*B3' inalize ob7ective
-5 '353-B'*B3' /raft literature review6 35&3B'*B3' /evise research approach6 35&3B'*B3' /raft research strategy
and method8 &&5&6B'*B3' Cycle 34 &;B'*B3'5'3B'-B3' Cycle &; '533B'-B3' 1pdate literature read
3'533 3&5&B'-B3' Report writing3& &6B'-B3' 0ubmission of the report
!esearch C1cles
C1cle -
Plan
I wish to provide interesting group activity which reuires no usage of 9C/ pro7ector that
can motivate the pupils to learn and promote the spirit of teamwor" among them. The
activity should be compatible with the level of the pupils as well. The following activity is
suggested in order to teach about breathing organ of animalsD
In a group# the pupils will be reuired to ma"e animal crafts. They will present the craft to
others and state orally the breathing organs for each animal craft.
or clarification of the ideas# colourful pictures or other suitable teaching and learning
resources will be provided.
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Action
>rintable animals craft had been downloaded from internet. The lin"sD httpDBBwww.dlt"5
"ids.comBanimalsBinde$.html and httpDBBwww.enchantedlearning.comBcraftsBanimalsB are
some of the e$ample of useful internet lin"s from which the printable animal craft can be
downloaded.
/uring the stage of eliciting ideas of the lesson which conducted in order to teach about
the breathing organs for certain animals# the pupils were instructed to form a group. The
*4 pupils were divided into ; groups in which each group consist of -5 members. They
were as"ed to follow the instructions given in order to ma"e a craft of animal such as
crab# eagle# fish# frog# mon"ey and rabbit.
The pupils were then reuired to present the animal craft they made to other and discuss
in a group to decide the breathing organ for it.
Colourful pictures were used to clarify the breathing organs for animals such as crab#
eagle# fish# frog# mon"ey and rabbit.
"bseration
The pupils were actively participated during the lesson. They love the activity and
en7oyed cooperating with their friend while accomplishing the tas" given to them.
urthermore# the pictures had attracted the pupils to listen to the teacher! e$planation.
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http://www.enchantedlearning.com/crafts/animals/http://www.enchantedlearning.com/crafts/animals/ -
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!eflection
Strengths)
Although there were no activities such as video viewing or power point presentation or
online interactive games which can be used to easily attracted the attention of the pupils#
the pupils attention were still successfully gain through the activity of ma"ing craft
conducted during the lesson. The pupils# even with different intelligence capabilities were
successfully encouraged to be involve in the lesson as well. They loved the activities and
reuested for the activity to be repeated during the ne$t lesson. In addition# the colourful
pictures provided which had been enlarged into appropriate size have enabled the
teacher to clarify the breathing organ for the animals effectively.
*eaknesses)
The activity conducted was successfully used to encourage participation of all pupils.
owever# the attainment of learning outcomes still can be improved. There were some
pupils (the remedial5class pupils) that have difficulty in spelling and writing. They were
able to state word orally but have difficulty to spell and write the word correctly.
*ays to i&prove)
0ome other interesting activities such as classroom games should be included during the
lesson. The activities should be able to attract the pupils to learn and in the same time
contribute to their improvement in understanding of the content of the lesson as well as
enhancing the achievement of the learning outcomes. 0ome classroom games
instructions have been downloaded from the internet in order to be applied during the
lesson. The e$amples of useful internet lin"s that provide ideas for classroom games are
such as httpDBBwww.esl"idstuff.comBClassroomgamesframe.htm
and httpDBBwww.eslteachersboard.comBcgi5binBlessonsBinde$.pl.
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C1cle 2
Plan
In order to improve the delivery of the content of the lesson# a few more activities will be
integrated during the lesson in the hope that the remedial class pupils will be able to
overcome the problem of spelling and writing. 0imple e$amples will be provided and
teaching aids will be used to help improve the pupils! learning.
Action
Colourful pictures had been provided in order to help the pupils to visualize the animals
introduced during the lesson of animal reproduction. The stage of eliciting ideas
conducted by instructing the pupils to classify the animals according to the way they
reproduce. Two columns were provided on the whiteboardD animals that lay eggs and
animals that give birth. The selected pupils were as"ed to paste the provided pictures of
animals into the suitable columns.
The ability of the pupils to spell and write correctly the name of some animals were
improved by conducting the activity of arranging letter (pupils instruct to arrange letters to
form a word).
+or"sheet was given to test the understanding of the pupils.
"bseration
The activity conducted successfully gained the attention of the pupils. They voluntarily
participated and were managed to give good cooperation during the lesson.
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!eflection
Strengths)
The activity conducted had helped to improve the pupils! learning. The activity of
rearranging letter was successfully employed to help the remedial5class pupils to spell
and write the words introduced to them during the lesson correctly (based on their
performance in answering the wor"sheet given). The clarification of the ideas which
support with the colourful pictures had enhanced the understanding of the pupils.
*eaknesses)
The activities conducted had contributed to the obtainment of the learning outcomes.
owever# the activities should not be repeated during each lesson as the teacher should
ensure that the activities conducted were relevance with the intelligence capabilities of
the pupils as well as the content of the lesson.
*ays to i&prove)
In order to teach effectively the teacher should be able to variety the lesson according to
the need of their pupils. The teaching courseware provided at school can be used as a
beneficial source of reference. Te$t boo"s and reference boo"s can be used as
references as well. In addition# the teacher can retrieve the information and the teaching
ideas from internet to enhance the lesson.
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!ES#LT AND DISC#SSI"N
The integration of technology in a lesson is essential to effectively deliver the lesson
content. In the situation that the 9C/ pro7ector cannot be used# some other activities
were suggested to be conducted as alternatives. The effectiveness of the activities had
been tested through this research. It had been identified that the following activities can
be used to enhance the pupils! learning in which it can be used to motivate the pupils to
learn as well as help to improve their understandingD
3. Eroup activitiesEroup activities promote the teamwor" spirit among the pupils. In order to carry
out this activity# the teacher has to ensure that the selected activities were
suitable for their pupils. Clear instruction has to be given in order to ensure that
the pupils will be managed to accomplish the tas" successfully.
&. Clarify the ideas with picturesAs the teacher cannot used video or other resources that reuired the 9C/
pro7ector to transmit it to a screen# colourful pictures can be used to clarify the
ideas. The pupils will easily attract to the colourful pictures and thus give their
attention to the teacher clarification. In addition# the pictures provided will be able
to help improve the understanding of the pupil as well.
*. Classroom gamesThe activity such as rearranging letter can be used to help the pupils to
remember the spelling or the new word introduce to them. They will en7oy doing
the activities and gain benefit from it.
-. +or"sheetInstead of online uizzes# wor"sheet can be distributed to the pupils in order to
evaluate their performance and to test the obtainment of the learning outcomes.
0ufficient number# good uality and interesting wor"sheet can be used to retain
the class control ability as well.
!EC"%%ENDATI"N
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There are lots more activities that can be conducted to enhance the pupils learning.
0ome e$ample of the activity or teaching resources that can be used to enhance pupils!
learning were list belowD
Teaching resources
Instead of using pictures# the following items can be used to clarify and give e$planation
to pupils.
3. ReplicaBmodel&. Real ob7ect
Activity
3. 0inging with action
>upils that love singing will love this activity very much.&. 0imple e$perimentThis activity will enhance pupils understanding as it provides hand5on
e$periences to the pupils.*. Fideo viewing
=ven without the 9C/ pro7ector# the teacher can always use their laptop to show
video to pupils in small group.
C"NCL#SI"N
A uality science education is essential to the future success of all students. The results
of this action research indicate that group activities# classroom games and the use
colourful pictures and wor"sheet can enhance pupils! learning.
!EFE!ENCES
?ecta. (&''*). +hat the Research 0ays about 1sing ICT in
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Carmen et al. 1se of ICTs and the >erception of =59earning among 1niversity 0tudentsDA /ifferential >erspective according to Eender and /egree Gear Eroup inInteractive =ducational
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3 Agatha 0uga a" RichardK > I?A
& Artridge %endawang a" 2iamit 9 I?A
* Caroline A" I?A
3- 2o" A" Tan7ong 9 I?A
3 2oseph A" %iew 9 I?A
36 2oseph A" I?A
*- 0andy A" 0eliauK > I?A
* 0asha A" 2osephK > I?A
*6 Thomas ?ryan 9 I?A*8 Tuah A"
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C.
=stimated Cost of Action Research >ro7ect
o rice per unit
Total
3 A- >aper & reams $ R< 3' R< &'.''
& >rinter Cartridge
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5 blan" in"
5 colour in"
3 cartridge $ R< 8
3 cartridge $ R< ;'
R< 8.''
R< ;'.''
* Teaching Aid
5 manila card
5 mar"er
3' pieces $ R< '.'
& pieces $ R< *.'
R< .''
R< 8.''
Total of cost R< 3;8.''
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/.
Eantt Chart of Research Implementation
o Activities +ee"
3 & * - 6 8 4 ; 3' 33 3& 3*
3 Reading literature B B B
& inalize ob7ective B
* /raft literature
review
B B
- /evise research
approach
B
/raft research
strategy and method
B B
6 Cycle 3 B
8 Cycle & B
4 1pdate literature
read
B
; Report writing B B
3' 0ubmission of the
report
B
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