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Sustainability Trends and Challenges for the construction materials industry
Oliver Rapf Executive Director EURIMA General Assembly Munich, 1 June 2012
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Some key figures of your market
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Europe’s buildings under the microscope
A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings
Total floor area of buildings
Total useful floor area:
• 24 billion m2 for EU 27
• 25 billion m2 with Norway and Switzerland
added.
The 5 most populated countries (DE, FR, UK,
IT and ES) account for 65% of total floor
space.
Floor space distribution per country
Floor space distribution per region
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Europe’s buildings under the microscope
A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings
Residential age profile
• Variations in the age profile between the 3
regions are relatively small. Nonetheless,
older buildings (before 1960) have the
biggest share in the North & West region
• It is evident that all countries experienced
a large boom in construction between
1961 and 1990 (with a few exceptions,
the housing stock more than doubled in
this period)
• Countries with the biggest share of
recently constructed buildings (1990-
2010) appear to be Ireland, Spain, Poland
and Finland.
• Countries with the biggest share of
residential stock dating from 1961 to 1990
seem to be Estonia, Hungary, Latvia and
Finland. Age profile of residential floor space
EE: Data only from 1951 onwards. IT: Data excludes heritage buildings before 1950. LT: Data only from 1941 onwards. ES: Data excludes secondary houses SE: Data only from 1921
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Europe’s buildings under the microscope
A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings
Final energy consumption in buildings
The final energy consumption has had a 50% increase in electricity and gas use and a
decrease in use of oil and solid fuels by 27% and 75%, respectively.
Overall, the energy use in buildings has a rising trend with an increase from around
400 Mtoe to 450 Mtoe over the last 20 years. This is likely to continue if insufficient
action is taken to improve the performance buildings.
Historical final energy consumption in the building sector since 1990 for the EU27, Switzerland and Norway
Source: Eurostat
Solid Fuels
Oil
Gas
Electricity
RES
Derived heat
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Average Annual Growth Rate of CO2 Emissions
from Energy Use in Buildings
6
0,0%
1,0%
2,0%
3,0%
4,0%
5,0%
6,0%
7,0%
8,0%
9,0%
Europe USA India China ROW World
Ave
rag
e A
nn
ual
Gro
wth
Rate
1971-09
2000-09
Source: Mark D. Levine, LBNL
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Trends that influence your industry…
… and resulting challenges…
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Trend # 1
There will be an increase in renovation activity
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EU Roadmap for moving towards a competitive
low-carbon economy in 2050
GHG Reduction vs. 1990 2005 2030 2050
Total -7% -40 to -44% -79 to -82%
Power -7% -54 to -68% -93 to -99%
Industry -20% -34 to -40% -83 to -87%
Transport 30% +20 to -9% -54 to -67%
Residential and Services -12% -37 to -53% -88 to-91%
Agriculture -20% -36 to -37% -42 to -49%
Other non-GHG emissions -30% -72 to -73% -70 to -78%
High sectorial targets for the buildings sector!
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
% r
en
ova
tio
ns
by
de
pth
Deep Renovation Path
NZEB
deep
moderate
minor
Europe’s buildings under the microscope
A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings
Renovation depths
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Europe’s buildings under the microscope
A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings
Renovation speeds
Renovation rates profiles considered over time
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Europe’s buildings under the microscope
A country-by-country review of the energy performance of buildings
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
An
nu
al In
vest
me
nt
(€b
n)
- N
OT
DIS
CO
UN
TED
Investment Profile
baseline
Slow & shallow
Fast & shallow
Central
Deep
2 stage
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Challenge # 1
Prepare for an increase in renovation activity!
Prepare for increased investment in production and distribution facilities
Train builders and other trades in proper use of products
Invest in R&D to develop products that enable deep renovation of different
building types
Etc…..
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Trend # 2
Nearly Zero Energy Buildings will become reality
within 8 years
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• Today, the majority of a building’s energy demand comes from the building operation phase.
• Once we move towards nZEB, the energy consumption during construction and demolition phases will become comparable with the one during the operational phase.
Building energy demand over a building’s life cycle
Phase 1 Construction
Phase 2 Operation
Phase 3 Demolition/disposal
Within EPBD scope
30% 40% 30%
5%
90%
5%
Today’s energy consumption (approximation)
Future energy consumption
nZEB Heating/Cooling reduced by 90%
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Challenge # 2
Reduce the embedded energy in
building materials, as its relative share
in a building lifecycle is increasing.
This is an important strategy to
decrease the overall ecological footprint
of a building.
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Trend # 3
Europe is undergoing a significant demographic
change.
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Europe’s aging society
Source: COM (2006) 571: The demographic future of Europe – from challenge to opportunity
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Challenge # 3
Buildings will have to be adapted to
changing needs of its occupants
Building materials may have to become more “modular” to deliver flexibility in
space use patterns
Rebuilding may become much more common, building materials will have to
allow for easy demolition and reuse
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Trend # 4
Resource efficiency is gaining political attention.
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Global Resource Use
40,000,000,000 tons in 1980
65,000,000,000 tons in 2010
82,000,000,000 tons expected in 2020
Source: Ellen MacArthur Foundation: Towards a circular economy
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US: ONLY 20 – 30% of Construction and
Demolition waste is recycled or reused!
EU15 (1999): 28% of CDW recycled!
Sources: For US: Ellen MacArthur Foundation: TOWARDS A CIRCULAR ECONOMY. For EU: CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, AND THEIR ECONOMIC IMPACTS. Report by Symonds, 1999
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EU15 (1999): 28% of CDW recycled!
Sources: WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, AND THEIR ECONOMIC IMPACTS. Report by Symonds, 1999 And European Environment Agency 2002: technical report 69
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DG Environment:
Roadmap to a resource efficient Europe
Milestone:
• By 2020, renovation and construction to high resource
efficiency levels, with Life-cycle approach
• All new buildings will be nearly Zero Energy Buildings and
highly material efficient.
• Policies for renovating the existing building stock will be in
place, at a rate of 2% per year.
• 70% of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste
will be recycled.
• stimulate demand and uptake of resource efficient building
practices through life-cycle costing
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Challenge # 4
Make the Circular economy happen!
Design
materials for
easy
dismantling
Construct
materials with
a long life time
Compose
materials in a
way that they
can be reused Source: Ellen MacArthur Foundation: Towards a circular economy
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Trend # 5
Clean technology markets are dynamic.
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BUT:
Clean technology markets are
dominated by renewables!
Segmentation of the global clean tech market Source: Clean Economy, Living Planet. Report by WWF and Roland Berger Strategies, June 2012
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Challenge # 5
How to ensure more attention on energy
saving technologies, products and
services?
How to boost this market in the EU?
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Trend # 6
Sustainability in all its dimensions is
becoming increasingly important for the
construction industry.
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Dimensions of Sustainable Construction
• Location impact of building site
• Sustainability properties of building materials
• Energy performance of the building
• Integration of renewable energy systems
• Resource use during occupancy phase
• “Redesign-of-use options” (modular design – aging
society – adaptability of building)
• Post-occupancy: Impacts of
demolishment/recyclability
• Contribution to sustainable urban design and spatial
planning
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Challenge # 6
Integrate all these challenges in a
sustainability strategy for your industry!
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• Increase in energy saving renovation measures is going to happen – the
question is how fast and how deep?
• The construction material industry will have to play a key role in contributing to
solve a range of problems of our age – from energy security via energy
efficiency to demographic change to mainstreaming sustainability.
• The market for energy efficiency technology and products will grow, but the
political support to grow the market is still fragile. Your industry needs to show
what it can deliver to support large efficiency gains in the building sector.
• With the regulation for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings entering into force in a few
years, the question of embedded energy in construction materials is becoming
more important!
• Life cycle thinking for buildings and buildings materials is becoming increasingly
important – industry needs to show that it is managing the issue.
• A proactive positioning of your industry based on scientific facts is a strategic
interest!
To summarize…
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Thank you
for your attention!
Please check
www.bpie.eu
and
www.buildup.eu
for news and reports.