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Synne Movik
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Deals with perceptions of justice and sustainability in the water allocation reform
Based on 2006 study in the Inkomati (resulted in the book Fluid Rights – HSRC
Press) Quantitative studies done on indicators Many of the same issues still persist
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Often conceptualised as consisting of precedural anddistributive justice.
Distributive Justice has plural, often incommensurable meanings:
◦ Justice as ’desert’
◦ Justice as ’utility’
◦ Justice as ’equality’
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Ambiguous term
What and who is to be sustained?
Different interpretations and understandings depending on objective and scale
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Shift from riparian rights to licences – allocation decisions vested with State
Opened up room for emerging ‘allocation discourses’ - perspectives on merits of different user groups and sectors
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Tools for redress included:◦ Curbing illegal use, clearing invasive species,
compulsory licensing, trade◦ Main aim to redress legacy of inequality ….but some important caveats:
Should respect existing lawful use Too quick reallocations might result in economic &
environmental damage Focus on reallocation to demonstrably productive
uses of water
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Existing users:
- Made investments, so deserve to retain claim to water (justice as desert)
- Cannot take away water from existing productive users (justice as utility)
- Trumped justice as equality
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◦ELU protection downplays history of acquisition
◦No mention of environmental impact of existing users (ELUs ’fortified’ rights)
◦Narrow focus on efficiency/productivity
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Women’s farmer group near Driekopiies dam, Mpumalanga
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Women’s farmer group near Driekopiies dam, Mpumalanga
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Argue for more equal share of water
Difficult to access water rights – confusion about roles and responsibilities of different institutions
Lack of voice in irrigation board settings
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2008 Water Allocation Reform – explicitly more egalitarian and sets specific targets
But still problems…
◦ Discourses of beneficial use◦ V & V process not completed yet ◦ Lack of institutional co-ordination (land/water)◦ Water reallocated through land reform, but
insfficient post-settlement support
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Need to change mindset on justice and sustainability on the ground
Reduce dependency on overly technical approach◦ Free up water from ELUs through e.g. reducing assurance
of supply, proportional reductions◦ Use of General Authorisations to simplify reallocation
Map needs of aspiring users, step up support & training to build up the ‘middle segment’
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Studies on highly unequal societies point to lower welfare for whole population (Wilkinson and Pickett)
Democratic problem (Stiglitz)
Inequality of income but also of resource distribution – structures need to change
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