System of impact factors on human movement
Jan NovotnýDept. of Sport Medicine Faculty of Sports Studies
Masaryk UniversityBrno - Czech [email protected]
The International Christmas Post-graduate School"Qualitative and Quantitative Research in Sport Science”
6-10th December 2006Berzsenyi College – Szombathely Hungary
OUTLINES• Aim of the lecture• Limiting factors of athletes´ performances
Supplement
• Systemic approach to the scientific problems• What is the system of factors?• Systematic determination of factors and relations• Strings of factors and relations
• Recommendation for the construction of the system
• Example of student's impact factor system• Assignment for students to discussion
System of impact factors on human movement
Aim of the lecture and systemic approach
SUPPORT OF RESEARCH PROJECTSplanning – strategy and method selection
hypothesis construction - result interpretation - conclusions
System of impact factors on human movement
TO ANSWER TO SCIENTIFIC QUESTIONS
(What exercise intensity is optimal for diabetics?)
TO CONTRIBUTE TO SYSTEMIC SOLUTION
OF COMPLICATED SCIENTIFIC PROBLEMS
(Exercise of diabetics)
GROUPS OF LIMITING FACTORS OF ATHLET´S PERFORMANCE
System of impact factors on human movement
ATHLET´S PERFORMANC
E
Genetic factorsAge - Gender
Anthropometric component
Neural component
Muscle-skeletal component
Metabolic component
Cardio-respiratory component
Mental component
Training, competition
Physical loadingRegeneration Environment
Time
Social component
Family School Job Friends
Habitual activities Hobbies
Dependence Spirituality
EXOGENOUS ENDOGENOUS
SUPPLEMENTSUPPLEMENT
1. Definition of terms, explication of the sense.
2. Analysis of a situation and problem.
3. Detection and description of objects, processes on, and relations among one.
4. Non-isolated evaluation of objects.
5. Complex hierarchical understanding and solution of a problem.
6. Object evaluation at time dependence.
7. Irreplaceability of human factor.
8. Final analysis and verification of the system.
Attributes of the systemic approach (P.Janíček, E. Ondráček, 1998)
System of impact factors on human movement
SYSTEM = SET
OF
FACTORS ELEMENTS VARIABLES
AND RELATIONS
What is the system of factors?
System of impact factors on human movement
REACTION OFDIABETICS TO
EXERCISE
STATE OFTHE DIABETES
controlcomplications
EXERCISEIntensity, duration ...
EXTERNALCONDITIONS
LEVEL OF ADAPTATION TO
THE STRESS
Diagram of a simplified example
GENDERGENOTYPE
?
Systematic determination of the factors and relations
System of impact factors on human movement
MUSCLECONTRACTIONS
BLOOD PRESSGLYCAEMIA
MENTALSTRESS
To find and describe variables and relations among them
- cause (independent factor)
- consequence (dependent factor)
- multiple cause
- multiple consequence
- reciprocal influence/impact
To think about weight of factor influence/impact (aim of research).
A lot of „independent“ factors, dependent factor
System of impact factors on human movement
If MOTIVATION is very high andHEIGHT is 134 cm and HEART
has EF>60% and KNEE has flexion 0-120o then ABILITY TO ADAPTED BASKETBAL is good.
I
System of impact factors on human movement
MOTIVATION + HEIGHT + HEART + KNEE ABILITY TO BASKETBALL
H
L
I
H
L
L- HIGH - LOW - FULL - IMPAIRMENTH
H
L
H
L
H
L
F
I
IF
F
I
L
H GOOD
EXCELENT
BAD
F
I
NEW PIECE OF KNOWLEDGE - NEW TOOL FOR SOLUTION OF LIFE PROBLEMS
AIM OF SCIENCE = FIND UP STRINGS OF FACTORS AND RELATIONSHYPOTHESIS VERIFICATION
EF
1. DETERMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF OBJECT (Diabetic)
2. DETERMINATION, ANALYSIS AND FORMULATION OF PROBLEM (Exercise of diabetic)
3. FORMULATION OF AIMS FOR SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM (To find an optimal exercise intensity for diabetics)
4. ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION OF LIMITATION, URGENCY etc. OF THE PROBLEM (Number and compliance of patient, Financial conditions, Time, Personnel, Tradition, etc.)
5. SYNTHESIS OF THE SYSTEM - Detection and description of objects and relations (State of diabetes, Specific diabetic complications, Reaction to the exercise, Exercise – volume, intensity; Preferred exercises, Safety limit of exercise intensity)
Steps of the system construction(modification by P.Janíček and E. Ondráček, 1998)
System of impact factors on human movement
TO ENRICH TO ENRICH AND AND
TUNE TUNE THE THE
SYSTEMSYSTEM
REPETITIONREPETITION
Recommendations for construction of the system?
System of impact factors on human movement
1. INSPIRATION in an epicentre of selected scientific problem (REAL SYSTEM) - To watch objects during action (diabetic). - To talk with involved people (parents, doctor, teacher...).
2. INSPIRATION:- To study of literature sources (Current contents ...).- To consult with experts.- To use experience.
3. TO COLLECT FACTORS AND RELATIONS:
TO DRAW A DIAGRAM (see next example) and
TO DESCRIBE (ABSTRACT SYSTEM).
4. TO RECOGNIZE:
- factors (aerobic capacity) → definition,
- indicators of the factors (VO2max) → what and why to measure,
- type of values (quantitative - numerical - ml/kg.min) → how to measure
Example of student's impact factor systemHow do a value orientation impact a gymnast's performance?
(Jalovecká, 20 October 2006)
System of impact factors on human movement
Gymnast'sperformance
Valueorientation
Family
PressTV
Friends
Mental type
Physicalfitness
AgeGender
Somatotype
TrainingRegeneration
Physiologicalfunctions
Motivation Effort
Technicalequipment
?
pondered psychological study - cross-section - questionnaires
Assignment for students
System of impact factors on human movement
Think up, draw, and describe factors and relations of your research problem
in a diagram to next discussion.
Orientation in Orientation in aa space and among space and among
factors is a important.factors is a important.
System of impact factors on human movement
CONCLUSIONS
1. The human movement is impacted by a lot of factors.
2. The research on the field needs a systemic approach.
3. The creation the factor system (diagram), and its systematic improving, supports a research project realization
- planning – strategy and method selection – hypothesis construction - result interpretation – conclusions.
Start of triathlon in Brno 2006
4. The creation of the factor system demands time. Hurried scientist don't notice simple reason of worse performance – athlete was late on the start.
Thank you for your attention.Thank you for your attention.
www.fsps.muni.cz/~novotny – Szombathely2006
Pictures from courses of Faculty of Sports Pictures from courses of Faculty of Sports SStudies tudies