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Systems of electronic commercetjtse56 2011
Jukka HeikkiläProfessor, Information Systems (eBusiness)
Vice Dean, Faculty of Information TechnologyJyväskylä University
e-mail: [email protected] tel: +358 50 581 8361
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Long transaction (Software AG, 1999)
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Networked components in practice
If everything was CORBA-compliant
– How to combine narratives and relevant states and transitions, when
– systems are distributed? – systems are asynchronous?– systems are independent?
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Interapplication (Integration) Spaghetti (Ovaska, 2003)
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Solution by
Integrating more?
Documenting better?
Standardising platforms?
Standardising interfaces?
Developing new systems?
...
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MDA (Oya, 2002)
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MDA (c.f. Oya, 2002)
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An example (Oya, 2002)
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An example (Oya, 2002)
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An example (Oya, 2002)
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An example (Oya, 2002)
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MDA (Oya, 2002)
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MDA (Oya, 2002)
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MDA (Oya, 2002)
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MDA (Oya, 2002)
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MDA (Oya, 2002)
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MDA (van der Krogt,
2008)
Actually, there is a third/fourth level of
abstraction, i.e., CIM, Computation Independent Model
(intended for business analysts)
So, we are backwhere we started,
QED :-)
PSM Bridge PSM Bridge
Code BridgeCode Bridge
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What is MDA? (1/2) (Kim, 2008)
> Next level of abstraction; model-based development
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Agile Development & Pragmatic MDA Using OptimalJ | © 2006 by Prashanth Shidlaghatta & Mike Sawicki19
User Interface
Business/Problem Domain
Persistence
DBDB DB
Legacy/Ext. Systems
Separation of Concerns
§ Employ architectural best practices
§ Formalize and store business logic
§ Architect for the future
§ Keep Technology at arm’s length
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Agile Development & Pragmatic MDA Using OptimalJ | © 2006 by Prashanth Shidlaghatta & Mike Sawicki20
Construction ConsistencyManaging Dual Architectures
Application Arch.
Features
Technical Arch.
SOA, Distr.,
Web App
Working App!
Construction GuidelinesPatterns,
Conventions
ConsistentVariable
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Agile Development & Pragmatic MDA Using OptimalJ | © 2006 by Prashanth Shidlaghatta & Mike Sawicki21
Agile Development
§ Shrink waterfall cycle into small iterations§ Ensure working application§ Demonstrate feature progress§ Make it simpler to embrace change§ Improve communication
between business and IT§ Deliver business value
faster and continuously
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Agile Development & Pragmatic MDA Using OptimalJ | © 2006 by Prashanth Shidlaghatta & Mike Sawicki22
Agile
Agile Development
#3
MDA – Bringing the Success Factors Together
User Interface
Business/Problem Domain
Persistence
DBDB DB
Legacy/Ext. Systems
Separation of Concerns
#1#2
Application Arch. Technical Arch.
Working App!
Dual Architecture
Construction Guidelines
MDA
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What is MDA? (2/2) (Kim, 2008)
> The Idea
* IIOP (Internet Inter-ORB Protocol) makes it possible for distributed programs written in different programming languages to communicate over the Internet.
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Mappings and transformations between models should be modelled too(Eeles & Williams, 2007)
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The role of MetamodelsEeles & Williams (2007)
•UML = Universal Modelling Language
•MOF = Meta Object Facility is an extensible model driven integration framework for defining, manipulating and integrating metadata and data in a platform independent manner. MOF-based standards are in use for integrating tools, applications and data.
•XML = eXtensible Markup Language
•XMI = XML Metadata Interchange
•CWM = Common Warehouse Metamodel
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MDA in practice (Wallin, 2006)
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Defining AssetsEeles & Williams (2007)
AssetClassification
Descriptors: Name/Value pairs
ContextDomain, Development, Test,
Deployment, and so on…
UsageUsage Instructions & ActivitiesFilling Variability Points
Related Assets
Association, Aggregation,
Dependency, Parent
Solution
Artifacts
Requirements
Models, Code, Tests
…Documents
Asset Overview
Name Desc Version State Profile
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IBM Software Group | Rational software
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Volvo IT – JNX Framework
Design Model
Domain Model
Implementation Model
Requirements
synchronize
Platform-specific Model
Platform-independent ModelModel
templates
Patterns
Patternstransform
extend
Patternsintegrate
validate
Code & TestBusiness
logic
RAS
Repository
Service
Reusable asset
(.ras file)
Reusable asset
(.ras file)
Reusable asset
(.ras file)
Reusable asset
(.ras file)
An Example: Eeles & Williams (2007)
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MDA in Practice (Kim, 2008)
> Reduced cost and complexity of application development.
• Model-oriented implementation.
> Improved application quality and validation at model level.
• Constraint based, generated test cases.
> Reuse of business models
> Platform independence
> Rapid inclusion of emerging technologies
• Take a business model (off the shelf).
• Take a implementation model (off the shelf).
• Describe links between them.
• Generate the system.
> Available modelling products
• ArcStyler, iUML, OptimalJ, ...
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Service orientation(IBM, c.f. Poutanen, 2006)
Existing Resources
Service Modeling
Services
Business Process
Components
QoS, Security, M
anagement &
Monitoring (Infrastructure Service)
Process Choreography
Simple and Composite Services
Enterprise Components
Package
Custom ApplicationCustom
Application
Package
ServiceC
onsumer
ServiceProvider
Integration Architecture
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Patterns revisited
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CBM ∪ SOA ⇒ SOMA(Service Oriented Modeling and Architecture IBM, 2006)
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summary: SOMF 2.0 (BeLL, 2008;
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Summary of How-to: IBM (2006)
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